Soil management affects the soil physical quality, but the magnitude of the changes is dependent of use time and regional edaphoclimatic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term (21 yr) effect of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems on some physical properties in the 0.2 m top layer of an Oxisol from Paraná, southern Brazil. In comparison with an adjacent forest soil used as reference, the use of CT system increased the soil bulk density, penetrometer resistance and soil temperature; and decreased the mean geometric diameter of soil aggregates The main changes in soil attributes by using NT in comparison with CT were: decrease in soil bulk density in subsurface layer (0.1-0.2 m) from 1.08 to 0.99 Mg m-3; decrease in maximum soil temperature in the 0-0.05 m layer from 27.9 to 24.7 ºC; increase in mean geometric diameter of soil aggregates from 1.6 to 3.7 mm at 0-0.05 m layer; and increase in volumetric soil water content in the 0-0.1 m layer from 0.38 to 0.48 m³ m-3. However, there were no differences between effects of tillage systems on soil porosity (total, macro and microporosity), saturated hydraulic conductivity, penetrometer resistance, and clay flocculation degree. The amelioration of physical properties in no-tilled soil may be related to increases of 42% in soybean and 22% in corn yields in this conservation tillage system, in comparison with CT system.
soil management systems; soil quality; crop productivity; sustainability
