Several studies reveal that the substitution of native vegetation by agricultural systems results in decreases in the C and N soil organic matter pools. Aiming to test the hypothesis that management practices favoring organic residue inputs promote increases in the most sensitive organic matter pools, the present study intended to study areas of an organic management system of acerola fruit production and a conventional cultivation area cropped with carrot and beet in crop rotation with corn. These areas belong to the Farm Amway Nutrilite do Brasil and Central Pivot Farmers Association, respectively, both in the Chapada da Ibiapaba, Ceará State, Brazil. A pasture area on the former was also selected. Areas under native forest, located near the cultivation areas, were sampled. Samples of a Quartzipsamment soil were collected from the depths 0-5 and 5-15 cm. The total soil organic C, microbial C and N (Cmic and Nmic), light organic matter C and N (Cmol and Nmol) and the mineralizable C were determined. An accumulation of 0.0117 Mg ha-1 was observed in the Nmic stock in the organic system soil in comparison to the native forest s, representing an increase of 585% in the Nmic stock. In addition, there was an accumulation of 0.211 Mg ha-1 in the Cmic stock in the pasture area, which represented an increase of 514.6% in these pools. On the other hand, Cmic stocks in the conventional system were reduced by 59 and 53% in the 0-5 and 5-15 cm layers, respectively, in relation to the native forest. In the upper soil layer, the organic systems presented an increment of 106% in the Cmol stocks, while in the conventional system a reduction of 31% was observed in the same organic matter pool. The results obtained demonstrated that soil management in the areas under organic cultivation with acerola fruit and pasture contributed to the maintenance and recovery of the C and N microbial biomass and the light organic matter contents. The increments and/or reductions of C and N in the MB and LOM pools, compared to the native forest, were proportionally larger than those of the total organic C and N stocks, mainly in the area under conventional system cultivation. This observation indicates that these compartments can be considered sensitive indicators of soil management alterations. In conclusion, the organic management systems and pasture areas represent important management strategies that should be considered for the conservation and/or increase of the soil organic matter and, consequently, for the improvement of the soil quality and C sequestration in the Chapada da Ibiapaba region.
biodynamic agriculture; pasture; mineralizable C; green manure; soil quality; sustainability
