Garlic yield after decomposition and nutrient release of cover crops under no-tillage and conventional tillage

Hahn, Leandro; Wamser, Anderson Fernando; Wolschick, Neuro Hilton; Grando, Douglas Luiz; Siqueira, Gustavo Nogara de; Brunetto, Gustavo

doi:10.36783/18069657rbcs20230134

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Division – Soil Use and Management | Commission – Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition • Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo 48 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20230134 copy

Garlic yield after decomposition and nutrient release of cover crops under no-tillage and conventional tillage

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Garlic (Allium sativum) is normally grown under conventional tillage (CT) with soil being excessively mixed by plowing and harrowing operations that degrade soil structure, increase production costs, and increase environmental contamination. Alternatively, cover crops can be grown and their residues placed on soil surface, enabling garlic to be grown under no-tillage (NT) system. However, for subtropical climate there is little information on the impacts of tillage systems and cover crop species, particularly of their decomposition process and nutrients release, on garlic nutritional status and yield. This study aimed to evaluate garlic yield, and the decomposition rate and nutrient release from aboveground residues of cover crops cultivated in CT and NT methods, in a subtropical climate. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria ochroleuca) were cultivated as cover crops previous to garlic, under CT or NT, for two consecutive years in the same area. The highest dry matter yield and nutrient release by cover crops were observed for millet and sunn hemp. The highest accumulations of P and K were observed in millet residue. Total garlic yield averaged 16.2 Mg ha^-1 yr^-1 and was affected neither by tillage method nor by cover crop species. The yield of marketable garlic was higher when soil was covered with bean residue in NT. Yield of non-marketable garlic was higher under CT in the first year, when high precipitation occurred shortly before harvest. The highest residue decomposition and nutrient release rates were observed under CT, in the three cover crop species. No-tillage increases marketable yield of garlic and the residence time of cover crop residues. We recommend cultivation in NT systems using cover crops, thus increasing marketable garlic yield and nutrient cycling.

Keywords
Allium sativum ; nutrient cycle; nutrient availability; soil fertility

Cover Crop	Soil tillage method	Dry Matter			N			P			K
Cover Crop	Soil tillage method	k	T_1/2	R²	k	T_1/2	R²	k	T_1/2	R²	k	T_1/2	R²
Bean	CT	0.0059	118	0.90^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0058	121	0.88^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0323	125	0.90^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0367	19	0.81^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).
Bean	NT	0.0046	152	0.84^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0034	197	0.58^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0318	119	0.74^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0450	16	0.96^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).
Pearl millet	CT	0.0063	110	0.85^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0058	119	0.76^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0432	103	0.87^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0414	18	0.88^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).
Pearl millet	NT	0.0045	155	0.90^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0032	217	0.55^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0407	131	0.87^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0413	17	0.90^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).
Sunn hemp	CT	0.0100	69	0.83^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0097	72	0.76^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0465	70	0.77^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0467	16	0.89^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).
Sunn hemp	NT	0.0073	95	0.94^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0063	111	0.87^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0422	90	0.83^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).	0.0427	17	0.85^ Statistically significant by the Tukey test (p<0.01).

Variable	Bean	Pearl millet	Sunn hemp
C (%)^* * Total nutrient content. Values represent the average of the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons.	51.8	53.9	50.8
N (g kg^-1)^* * Total nutrient content. Values represent the average of the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons.	8.0	13.2	17.7
P (g kg^-1)^* * Total nutrient content. Values represent the average of the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons.	1.5	2.2	1.8
K (g kg^-1)^* * Total nutrient content. Values represent the average of the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons.	12.1	25.5	22.8
Ca (g kg^-1)^* * Total nutrient content. Values represent the average of the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons.	16.2	7.8	11.0
Mg (g kg^-1)^* * Total nutrient content. Values represent the average of the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons.	4.5	3.9	3.7
S (g kg^-1)^* * Total nutrient content. Values represent the average of the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons.	1.2	1.1	1.2
Mn (mg kg^-1)^* * Total nutrient content. Values represent the average of the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons.	20.8	57.5	65.8
Zn (mg kg^-1)^* * Total nutrient content. Values represent the average of the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons.	17.7	29.0	29.7
Cu (mg kg^-1)^* * Total nutrient content. Values represent the average of the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons.	12.9	19.5	37.3
B (mg kg^-1)^* * Total nutrient content. Values represent the average of the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons.	18.8	5.0	19.7
C/N ratio	64.8	40.8	28.7

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[1] * Corresponding author: E-mail: douglas.agn@hotmail.com