The objective of this work was to study the distribution of K and Mg reserve in different sand fraction classes of soils from the Triângulo Mineiro region (Minas Gerais state, Brazil), emphasizing the potential to release non-exchangeable and structural forms of these nutrients to plants. Sites were chosen for sampling based on the different parent materials (sandstone - Bauru Group, Granite - Araxá Group, basalt - São Bento Group and sediments - Detritic-Lateritic-Tertiary Cover), weathering degree, and spatial lithology representation. Samples of sand fraction were separated according to their weight (heavy sand-AP and light sand-AL) using bromoform (d = 2.8 g cm-3). The AL fraction was separated in five size groups (very coarse sand-AMG, coarse sand-AG, medium sand-AM, fine sand-AF, and very fine sand-AMF) using a set of sieves. The total and non-exchangeable K and Mg concentration were determined after wet digestion of samples with a HF + HNO3 + H2SO4 mixture and boiling 1 mol L-1 HNO3, respectively. The mineralogy of the sand fraction was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The sand fraction of the soils were mainly composed of quartz with a predominance of light and fine minerals (AF and AMF). In general, X-ray difractograms indicated the presence of very low contents of primary minerals that are source of nutrients (MPFN), such as mica and feldspar. In the light sand fraction, the finest fractions (AF and AMF) were responsible for the highest total K and Mg contents, while the lowest non-exchangeable K and Mg release was observed for the AM fraction. It was observed a close relationship between the total K and Mg contents in the sand fraction and the capacity to release these nutrients to the soil solution was observed, which was attributed to the larger concentration of MPFN. The sand fraction of sandstone-developed soils (Uberaba Formation) and granite (Araxá Group) presented the largest reserve and release of K and Mg.
mineral reserve; mica; feldspar; highly weathered soils
