Water Erosion on an Oxisol under Integrated Crop-Forest Systems in a Transitional Area between the Amazon and Cerrado Biomes

Rieger, Fernando Alexandre; Zolin, Cornélio Alberto; Paulino, Janaina; Souza, Adilson Pacheco de; Matos, Eduardo da Silva; Magalhães, Ciro Augusto de Souza; Farias, Austeclínio Lopes de

doi:10.1590/18069657rbcs20150111

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Division 3 - Soil Use and Management • Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo 40 • 17 May 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20150111 linkcopy

Water Erosion on an Oxisol under Integrated Crop-Forest Systems in a Transitional Area between the Amazon and Cerrado Biomes

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ABSTRACT

Water erosion is one of the main factors driving soil degradation, which has large economic and environmental impacts. Agricultural production systems that are able to provide soil and water conservation are of crucial importance in achieving more sustainable use of natural resources, such as soil and water. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil and water losses in different integrated production systems under natural rainfall. Experimental plots under six different land use and cover systems were established in an experimental field of Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril in Sinop, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in a Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico (Udox) with clayey texture. The treatments consisted of perennial pasture (PAS), crop-forest integration (CFI), eucalyptus plantation (EUC), soybean and corn crop succession (CRP), no ground cover (NGC), and forest (FRS). Soil losses in the treatments studied were below the soil loss limits (11.1 Mg ha^-1 yr^-1), with the exception of the plot under bare soil (NGC), which exhibited soil losses 30 % over the tolerance limit. Water losses on NGC, EUC, CRP, PAS, CFI and FRS were 33.8, 2.9, 2.4, 1.7, 2.4, and 0.5 % of the total rainfall during the period of study, respectively.

surface runoff; natural rain; soil loss; water loss; land slope

Month	NGC		PAS		CFI		EUC		CRP		FRS		Rainfall
	mm	%	mm	%	mm	%	mm	%	mm	%	mm	%	mm
	2012
November	26.5	15.1	3.5	2.0	1.0	0.6	2.3	1.3	1.5	0.8	1.0	0.6	175.2
December	50.7	24.2	10.1	4.8	2.7	1.3	9.7	4.6	7.4	3.5	1.7	0.8	209.0
	2013
January	90.1	23.0	8.7	2.2	6.9	1.8	10.2	2.6	8.5	2.2	2.0	0.5	390.9
February	206.9	48.7	15.8	3.7	13.5	3.2	15.2	3.6	14.3	3.4	1.4	0.3	424.6
March	234.3	45.1	7.8	1.5	9.3	1.8	18.1	3.5	14.9	2.9	3.4	0.6	520.1
April	66.8	32.1	1.6	0.8	1.1	0.5	1.8	0.9	1.5	0.7	0.8	0.4	208.2
May	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	41.1
June	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
July	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
August	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
September	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	28.1
Total	675.3	33.8	47.5	2.4	34.5	1.7	57.4	2.9	48.1	2.4	10.3	0.5	1997.1

Month	NGC		PAS		CFI		EUC		CRP		FRS

	SL⁽¹⁾	SLR⁽²⁾	SL	SLR	SL	SLR	SL	SLR	SL	SLR	SL	SLR
	---------------------------------------------------------- Mg ha^-1 --------------------------------------------------------
	2012
November	0.898	4.679	0.012	0.065	0.051	0.267	0.100	0.519	0.096	0.501	0.005	0.014
December	2.387	12.435	0.027	0.142	0.098	0.510	0.019	0.097	0.104	0.541	0.004	0.010
	2013
January	4.280	22.296	0.041	0.215	0.009	0.045	0.039	0.204	0.076	0.397	0.004	0.010
February	5.569	29.010	0.071	0.371	0.062	0.322	0.013	0.070	0.392	2.043	0.002	0.006
March	2.880	15.004	0.003	0.013	0.014	0.073	0.022	0.117	0.123	0.639	0.004	0.012
April	0.809	4.212	0.001	0.005	0.000471	0.002	0.000476	0.002	0.028	0.146	0.000237	0.001
May	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
June	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
July	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
August	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
September	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total	16.824	87.635	0.156	0.811	0.234	1.218	0.194	1.009	0.819	4.266	0.019	0.053

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾ SL: observed soil loss; ⁽²⁾ SLR: soil loss in the standard plot.