Phosphorus-Zinc Interaction and Iron and Manganese Uptake in the Growth and Nutrition of Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae)

Novais, Sarah Vieira; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; V., Víctor Hugo Alvarez; Villani, Ecila Mercês de Albuquerque; Zenero, Mariana Delgado Oliveira

doi:10.1590/18069657rbcs20160054

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Division 3 - Soil Use and Management • Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo 40 • 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20160054 linkcopy

Phosphorus-Zinc Interaction and Iron and Manganese Uptake in the Growth and Nutrition of Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Visual symptoms of Zn deficiency, induced by excessive P applications, have been observed in commercial orchid nurseries. The supply of other metallic micronutrients, such as Fe and Mn, may also be inadequate in the plant due to high application rates of P. The aim of this study was to investigate this interaction in the nutrition of Phalaenopsis plants. Experimental treatments consisted of three P rates (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 g L^-1) and three Zn rates (0.00, 0.35, and 0.70 g L^-1), as well as fertilization with other basic nutrients, and a control treatment with the fertilizer B&G Orchidée^(r), at 1.0 g L^-1. Dry matter production was evaluated, as well as the levels of P, Zn, Fe, and Mn in both shoots and roots. Higher P rates induced higher shoot dry matter production. However, symptoms of Zn deficiency were observed in plants treated with the highest P rate in the absence of Zn. With increasing P rates, Zn concentrations in the shoots decreased more markedly than in roots, with accumulation of the element in the roots, indicating low Zn translocation to the shoot. A much higher Mn content in shoots (661 mg kg^-1) than in roots (75 mg kg^-1) suggested that the species is highly tolerant to this micronutrient. The Fe concentrations in the plant were much higher than those indicated in the literature as critical levels for this genus.

Keywords: ornamental plants; nutritional balance; micronutrient

Treatment		DM	P	Zn	Fe	Mn
P	Zn	DM	P	Zn	Fe	Mn
-------------------- g L^-1 ------------------------			g per pot		G kg^-1	------------------------ mg kg^-1 -------------------------
				Shoot
B&G(r)(1)		0.24 a	5.12 a	87.85 cd	192.50 c	691.55 a
0.0	0.00	0.11 b	1.09 f	52.35 e	387.05 c	542.20 a
0.0	0.35	0.13 b	1.44 ef	160.75 b	235.70 c	725.80 a
0.0	0.70	0.12 b	1.52 ef	332.40 a	818.10 ab	643.85 a
Mean		0.12	1.35	181.83	480.28	637.28
0.50	0.00	0.13 b	2.44 de	60.80 de	918.70 a	617.00 a
0.50	0.35	0.09 b	2.42 de	107.10 c	432.70 bc	685.80 a
0.50	0.70	0.11 b	5.09 a	146.01 b	141.85 c	836.45 a
Mean		0.11	3.32	104.64	497.75	713.08
1.0	0.00	0.17 ab	3.97 bc	40.21 e	231.00 c	581.85 a
1.0	0.35	0.16 ab	3.04 cd	86.34 cd	525.35 abc	638.50 a
1.0	0.70	0.13 b	4.72 ab	149.20 b	316.70 c	648.20 a
Mean		0.15	3.91	91.92	357.68	622.85
				Root
B&G(r)(1)		0.83 a	3.01 ab	303.50 bcd	450.06 a	108.28 a
0.0	0.00	0.96 a	1.03 c	94.79 e	595.0 a	99.62 a
0.0	0.35	0.89 a	1.22 c	413.21 bc	545.0 a	76.58 ab
0.0	0.70	0.77 a	1.14 c	661.72 a	558.0 a	53.97 b
Mean		0.87	1.13	389.91	566	76.72
0.50	0.00	1.03 a	2.70 ab	109.33 de	700.05 a	64.28 ab
0.50	0.35	0.91 a	2.18 bc	289.17 bcde	600.53 a	79.27 ab
0.50	0.70	0.93 a	2.19 bc	438.36 b	550.78 a	93.64 ab
Mean		0.96	2.36	278.95	617.12	79.06
1.0	0.00	0.96 a	3.63 a	102.42 de	489.08 a	58.37 ab
1.0	0.35	0.96 a	2.59 ab	219.75 cde	828.00 a	59.50 ab
1.0	0.70	0.89 a	2.71 ab	390.33 bc	550.15 a	64.58 ab
Mean		0.94	2.98	237.5	622.41	60.82

Source of variation	DF					Mean Square
Source of variation	DF	DM	P	K	Ca	Mg	Zn	Fe	Mn	Cu
						Shoot
Treatment	9	0.008*	0.048*	0.124	0.135	0.005	14426.3*	307082.7*	13227.1	1783
Zinc (Zn)	2	0.031*	0.039*	0.119	0.034	0.007	37740.3*	72083.2	27915.6	41.5
Phosphorus (P)	2	0.042*	0.107*	0.315	0.318**	0.001	14197.5*	148334.5	13964.4	855.3
ZN × P	4	0.027*	0.012*	0.062	0.019	0.003	5833.3*	535635.4*	8303.1	1584.0
Zn/P = 1	2	0.005	0.001	0.041	0.009	0.000	39773.4*	789377.5*	16954.6	45.0
Zn/P = 2	2	0.001	0.048*	0.192	0.006	0.006	3659.6*	308328.9*	25000.3	1573.3
Zn/P = 3	2	0.000	0.014*	0.009	0.564	0.006	5973.9*	45647.6	2567	1591.2
P/Zn = 1	2	0.000	0.041*	0.141	0.567	0.002	209.2**	260491.3**	2786.3	1190.0
P/Zn = 2	2	0.006	0.013*	0.017	0.148	0.003	2993.9**	43636.1	3841	1315.6
P/Zn = 3	2	0.001	0.077*	0.279	0.151	0.001	22661.1*	915478*	23943.3	1517.7
Additional	1	0.193	0.093*	0.004	0.433*	0.019	2628.1*	180366.7	2071.3	7917.5**
Residue	10	0.002	0.001	0.334	0.080	0.007	61.2	70429.9	21600.7	2317.1
CV (%)		36.8	8.93	22.42	13.91	27.15	6.4	55.59	22.23	52.03
						Root
Treatment	9	0.019*	0.049*	0.050**	0.046*	0.004*	193101.0*	800561.3	2164.4*	290.7
Zinc (Zn)	2	0.004*	0.009*	0.044	0.014**	0.007*	704158.0*	588228.5	71.6	274.6
Phosphorus (P)	2	0.006*	0.187*	0.104*	0.171*	0.006*	96287.7*	995121.5	1635.3*	101.4
ZN × P	4	0.255	0.005*	0.027	0.003	0.003**	34238.3*	904637.3	2216.6*	248.9
Zn/P = 1	2	0.613**	0.001	0.016	0.006	0.011*	484772.0*	3958.5	3071.5*	194.0
Zn/P = 2	2	0.001	0.005*	0.036	0.113	0.001	162240.7*	2197955.0	1364.0*	218.8
Zn/P = 3	2	0.063	0.013*	0.047	0.003	0.001	125621.7*	195589.7	69.3	359.6
P/Zn = 1	2	0.193	0.104*	0.011	0.035*	0.000	319.0	66644.5	2972.1 *	162.5
P/Zn = 2	2	0.336*	0.053*	0.040	0.768*	0.001	38271.3*	134655.7	628.1	144.8
P/Zn = 3	2	0.193	0.038*	0.108*	0.065*	0.011*	126174.0*	2603096.0	2468.3*	291.8
Additional	1	0.255	0.034*	0.047	0.029*	0.000	64.5	419803.0	7199.1*	869.1
Residue	10	0.023	0.001	0.029	0.006	0.001	5856.3	858341.4	395.2	1068.5
CV (%)		17.27	16.66	22.24	18.4	23.66	24.96	132.16	26.36	44.74

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[TFN1] Means followed by the same letter do not differ statistically by the Tukey test at 5 %. B&G^(r): Commercial fertilizer for growing orchids, used as a reference (http://www.begflores.com.br/).