This article has three parts. In the first one the author analyses the formation of the international regime on climate change since the negotiations and signing of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), passing through the negotiations and signing of the Kyoto Protocol (1997), till the conclusion of the Protocol pending issues in the 7th Conference of the Parts in Marrakech (2001). In the second part the author analyses the public policies related to carbon emissions in Brazil during the 1990s and the Brazilian standing in the climate-changing regime. The Brazilian standing in the negotiations of the Kyoto Protocol (1996-2001) was a combination of leadership and defensive positions: the proposal of the Clean Development Fund, opposition to commitments for the reduction of future growth rates in carbon emissions for emerging countries, initial opposition to the inclusion of market mechanisms for emissions reduction, and opposition to the inclusion of emissions derived from land use changes in the Protocol. In the third part the author analyses the future perspectives of the Kyoto Protocol after the Agreements in Bonn and Marrakech, particularly in relation to its long-term viability without the re-entering of the United States.
Public Policies; The Kyoto Protocol; The Bonn Agreement; The Marrakesh Agreement; Climatic Change