Natural polysaccharide |
Chitosan |
Shrimp heads |
Delays the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus
|
Cota-Arriola et al. (2011Cota-Arriola, O.; Cortez-Rocha, M. O.; Rosas-Burgos, E. C.; Burgos-Hernández, A.; López-Franco, Y. L.; Plascencia-Jatomea, M. Antifungal effect of chitosan on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and production of aflatoxin B1. Polymer International, v.60, p.937-944, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.3054 https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.3054...
) |
Essential oil |
Bornyl and camphene acetate |
Valeriana officinalis
|
Tribolium castaneum: contact toxicity and repellency; Liposcelis bostrychophila: contact and fumigant toxicity and attraction |
Feng et al. (2019Feng, Y. X.; Wang, Y.; Chen, Z. Y; Guo, S. S.; You, C. X.; Du, S. S. Efficacy of bornyl acetate and camphene from Valeriana officinalis essential oil against two storage insects. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v.26, p.16157-16165, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05035-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05035...
) |
Essential oil |
Thymol and carvacrol |
Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum majoricum, Origanum vulgare, Origanum virens, and Satureja montana
|
Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin production in stored maize grains |
García-Díaz et al. (2019García-Díaz, M.; Patiño, B.; Vázquez, C.; Gil-Serna, J. A novel niosome-encapsulated essential oil formulation to prevent aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin contamination of maize grains during storage. Toxins, v.11, e646, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11110646 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11110646...
) |
Essential oil |
Thymol, cis-sabinene hydrate, ascaridole, dihydrotagetone, spathulenol, and ocimenone |
Origanum vulgare spp. virens, Origanum x applii, Origanum vulgare spp. Vulgare, Chenopodium ambrosioides, and Tagetes riojana
|
Antifungal action against Fusarium verticillioides
|
Pizzolitto et al. (2019Pizzolitto, R. P.; Jacquat, A. G.; Usseglio, V. L.; Achimón, F.; Cuello, A. E.; Zygadlo, J. A.; Dambolena, J. S. Quantitative-structure-activity relationship study to predict the antifungal activity of essential oils against Fusarium verticillioides. Food Control, v.108, e106836, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106836 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019....
) |
Essential oil |
Thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene |
Satureja intermedia
|
Mortality (90%) of storage pests (Trogoderma granarium, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, and Oryzaephilus surinamensis) |
Ebadollahi & Setzer (2020Ebadollahi, A.; Setzer, W. N. Evaluation of the toxicity of Satureja intermedia C. A. mey essential oil to storage and greenhouse insect pests and a predator ladybird. Foods, v.9, e712, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9060712 https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9060712...
) |
Essential oils |
((Z)-citral, (E)-citral, carvacrol, limonene, and cinnamaldehyde |
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.), oregano (Origanum spp.) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) |
Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth in maize grains; the combination of oils has synergistic effects and inhibits aflatoxin production |
Xiang et al. (2020Xiang, F.; Zhao, Q.; Zhao, K.; Pei, H.; Tao, F. The efficacy of composite essential oils against aflatoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus in maize. Toxins, v.12, e562, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090562 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090562...
) |
Sulfur compound |
Allyl isothiocyanate |
Commercial formulation |
High toxicity and reduction in oviposition and progeny of Callosobruchus maculatus when applied to cowpea beans |
Vilela et al. (2020Vilela, A. de O.; Faroni, L. R. A.; Sousa, A. H.; Pimentel, M. A. G.; Gomes, J. L. Toxicological and physiological effects of allyl isothiocyanate upon Callosobruchus maculatus. Journal of Stored Products Research , v.87, e101625, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2020.101625 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2020.1016...
) |
Phenolic compounds |
Benzoic acid, quinol, salicylic acid, myricetin, and rutin |
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
|
Antifungal effect on Fusarium culmorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea; contact and fumigant toxicity on Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzae
|
Abdelkhalek et al. (2020Abdelkhalek, A.; Salem, M. Z. M.; Kordy, A. M.; Salem, A. Z. M.; Behiry, S. I. Antiviral, antifungal, and insecticidal activities of Eucalyptus bark extract: HPLC analysis of polyphenolic compounds. Microbial Pathogenesis, v.147, e104383, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104383 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.1...
) |
Alkaloids |
Capsaicin and piperine |
Capsicum chinense and Piper nigrum
|
Reduction in growth and germination rate of spores Aspergillus parasiticus and reduction in the production of aflatoxins, with emphasis on P. nigrum
|
Buitimea-Cantúa et al. (2020Buitimea-Cantúa, G. V.; Velez-Haro, J. M.; Buitimea-Cantúa, N. E.; Molina-Torres, J.; Rosas-Burgos, E C. GC-EIMS analysis, antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity of Capsicum chinense and Piper nigrum fruits and their bioactive compounds capsaicin and piperine upon Aspergillus parasiticus. Natural Product Research, v.34, p.1452-1455, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1514395 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.15...
) |
Alkaloids and flavonoids |
Alkaloids and flavonoids |
Acanthus montanus, Acanthospermum hispidum, Argyreia nervosa, and Alchornea laxiflora
|
Mortality, reduction in egg laying and emergence of Sitophilus zeamais adults in stored maize grains, with significant effects of A. montanus
|
Ileke et al. (2020Ileke, K. D.; Idoko, J. E.; Ojo, D. O.; Adesina, B. C. Evaluation of botanical powders and extracts from Nigerian plants as protectants of maize grains against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) [coleoptera: Curculionidae]. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, v.27, e101702, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101702 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.1017...
) |
Essential oil |
1,8-cineole |
Laurus nobilis
|
Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin B1production, even in wheat grains stored for 6 months, and antioxidant activity through free radical scavenging and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation |
Belasli et al. (2020Belasli, A.; Ben Miri, Y.; Aboudaou, M.; Ouahioune, L. A.; Montañes, L.; Ariño, A.; Djenane, D. Antifungal, antitoxigenic, and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from laurel (Laurus nobilis L.): Potential use as wheat preservative. Food Science Nutrition, v.8, p.4717-4729, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1650 https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1650...
) |
Sulfur compound in essential oil |
Allicin |
Allium sativum
|
Antifungal effect on Gibberella zeae, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Fusarium verticillioides, with lower rates effective on the latter two species in maize grains stored for 30 days |
Bocate et al. (2021Bocate, K. P.; Evangelista, A. G.; Luciano, F. B. Garlic essential oil as an antifungal and anti-mycotoxin agent in stored corn. Food Science and Technology, v.147, e111600, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111600 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.11160...
) |
Alkaloids |
Guineensine and piperine |
Piper guineense
|
Mortality (>80%) and reduction in oviposition of Sitophilus zeamais females |
Akinbuluma et al. (2021Akinbuluma, M. D.; Ewete, F. K.; Oladosu, I. A. Amide alkaloids from Piper guineense and its crude extract as protectants against Sitophilus zeamais. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, v.128, p.1557-1564, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-021-00518-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-021-00518...
) |
Essential oil |
β-eudesmol, elemol, α-terpineol, methyl eugenol, and caryophyllene |
Rhynchanthus beesianus
|
Fumigant effect on Liposcelis entomophila and Tribolium castaneum adults |
Pan et al. (2022Pan, X.; Xiao, H.; Hu, X.; Liu, Z. L. Insecticidal activities of the essential oil of Rhynchanthus beesianus rhizomes and its constituents against two species of grain storage insects. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, v.78, p.83-89, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2022-0017 https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2022-0017...
) |
Phenolic compounds |
Enol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, p-cymene, thymol, carvacrol, guaiacol, creosol, and vanillin |
Essential oils and similar compounds |
Thymol and carvacrol are toxic to Sitophilus zeamais, with thymol functioning as a repellent and carvacrol as both repellent and attractant |
Rodríguez et al. (2022Rodríguez, A.; Beato, M.; Usseglio, V. L.; Camina, J.; Zygadlo, J. A.; Dambolena, J. S.; Zunino, M. P. Phenolic compounds as controllers of Sitophilus zeamais: a look at the structure-activity relationship. Journal of Stored Products Research , v.99, e102038, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2022.102038 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2022.1020...
) |
Natural polysaccharide |
Chitosan |
Commercial chitosan |
Inhibition of mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus, with effect on fungal metabolism |
Ke et al. (2022Ke, Y.; Ding, B.; Zhang, M.; Dong, T.; Fu, Y.; Lv, Q.; Ding, W.; Wang, X. Study on inhibitory activity and mechanism of chitosan oligosaccharides on Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. Carbohydrate Polymers, v.275, e118673, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118673 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.1...
) |
Essential oil |
Eugenol and pulegone |
Syzygium aromaticum and Mentha pulegium
|
Mortality of Sitophilus zeamais (90%) and reduction of losses (45%) caused by them in maize grains stored for 5 months |
Sousa et al. (2023Sousa, P. A. S.; Neto, J.; Barbosa, J. V.; Peres, J.; Magro, A.; Barros, G.; Sousa, J. M.; Magalhães, F. D.; Mexia, A.; Aguiar, A. A. R. M.; Bastos, M. M. S. M. Novel approach for a controlled delivery of essential oils during long-term maize storage: Clove bud and pennyroyal oils efficacy to control Sitophilus zeamais, reducing grain damage and post-harvest losses. Insects, v.14, 366, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14040366 https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14040366...
) |
Essential oil |
Thymol, ρ-cymene, z-caryophyllene, and γ-terpinene |
Thymus vulgaris
|
Inhibition of the growth of Penicillium spp. in wheat stored for 6 months |
Ziyat et al. (2023Ziyat, H.; Naciri Bennani, M.; Arif, S.; Houssaini, J.; Hajjaj, H. Fungicide formulation based on Thyme essential oil and clay for wheat protection. Research on Chemical Intermediates, v.49, p.2769-2792, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-023-05013-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-023-05013...
) |