ABSTRACT The most commonly used indicator for soil compaction diagnose is the Cone Index (CI) obtained from penetrometers. Several models are available in the market with different operating principles and comparability of results among them is not sufficiently known. This study aimed to compare three cone penetrometers with different operation principles and to establish an optimal number of replications for each sampling point. The equipment used were an impact penetrometer, an electronic penetrometer manually operated and an electronic penetrometer hydraulically operated, in three environments. The equipment, in general, did not produce comparable CI values in magnitude and in tendency. However it is not clear whether these differences are relevant for diagnosis of soil compaction. It is possible yet, to affirm that after 15 replications, the sampling errors of CI values did not decrease significantly, ranging between 5 to 20% for the three penetrometers in each plot.
penetrometer; soil compaction; sampling density
