Correlation and path coefficient analyses of phenological traits, yield components and quality traits in wheat

Semnaninejad, Hamideh; Nourmohammadi, Ghorban; Rameeh, Valiollah; Cherati, Ali

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n9p597-603

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 25 (9) • Sept 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n9p597-603 copy

Correlation and path coefficient analyses of phenological traits, yield components and quality traits in wheat¹ 1 Research developed at Baikola Agricultural Research Station, Mazandaran, Iran

Correlação e coeficiente de trilha de características fenológicas, componentes de rendimento e de qualidade em trigo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

The results showed that with certain genotypes, different criteria should be considered for grain yield improvement in different conditions.

The highest grain yield was obtained for 350 and 400 (seeds per m²) across all planting dates and genotypes.

The delay in planting reduced most traits expected protein concentration and gluten index.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to characterize the phenological traits, yield components and quality traits affecting wheat grain yield. Three wheat genotypes were evaluated during three planting dates (November 20, December 5, and December 20) and at four seeding densities 300, 350, 400 and 450 seeds per m² for two years. Multivariate analyses were conducted based on the interaction effects of planting date and seeding density (PS), planting date and genotype (PG) and seeding density and genotype (SG) mean values. The results of correlation analysis showed that grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with biomass yield (0.91**), days to spiking (0.81**), days to anthesis (0.83**), and days to maturity (0.57*) for PS; with biomass yield (0.94**), days to spiking (0.87**), days to anthesis (0.75*), and harvest index (0.83**) for PG; with gluten index (0.73**), harvest index (0.68*), and 1000-grain weight for SG. Path analysis revealed that biomass yield for PS and PG, harvest index for PG and SG, and gluten index for SG exhibited the highest positive direct effect. Stepwise regression analysis also revealed important effect of biomass yield, harvest index, and days to maturity for improving grain yield in different agronomical conditions.

Key words:
Triticum aestivum; multivariate analyses; planting date; seeding densities

Cropping seasons	Soil texture	Size fraction (g kg^-1)			N	K	P	OM	TNV	EC (dS m^-1)	pH
Cropping seasons	Soil texture	Clay	Silt	Sand	(ppm)			(%)		EC (dS m^-1)	pH
2016-2017	Loam	200	300	500	15	173	14.5	2.24	2.4	6.4	7.0
2017-2018	Loam	200	340	460	14	180	13.6	2.20	3.3	6.3	7.3

SOV	Mean square
SOV	DF	Days to spiking	Days to anthesis	Days to maturity	1000-grain weight (g)	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	Biomass yield (kg ha^-1)	Harvest index (%)	Protein (%)	Gluten index (%)
Year (Y)	1	3536.5**	7993.5**	2583.4**	280.9**	8320600**	20973062*	145.0*	12.9**	759.4**
Rep (Year)	4	0.6	0.4	1.6**	172.4**	1886380**	42014371**	55.7**	3.33**	975.0**
PD	2	3103.6**	1596.9**	1071.5**	365.5**	78356665**	339215708**	259.5**	1.02 ns	345.5*
Y × PD	2	9.8**	1.6 ns	10.1**	16.7ns	2237654**	23707518	78.8 ns	0.17 ns	34.0 ns
Error a	8	0.9	0.5	1.1	9.4	167585	3221859	2.4	0.26	75.3
SD	3	224.5**	84.8**	150.5**	315.1**	1720355**	63400697**	326.7**	5.38**	447.2**
Y × SD	3	4.9**	1.5 ns	1.2*	4.3 ns	82753 ns	4832559	52.1 ns	0.24 ns	9.8 ns
PD × SD	6	3.4**	3.2 ns	10.9**	1.6 ns	4147384**	22308691**	20.1 ns	0.11 ns	8.7 ns
Y × PD × SD	6	2.3*	2.0 ns	0.3 ns	1.2 ns	226185 ns	7096438 ns	21.3 ns	0.17 ns	7.6 ns
Error b	36	0.9	1.9	0.4	5.2	192965	5895813	31.0	0.61	49.1
Genotype (G)	2	363.2**	1198.7**	1086.4**	3857.6**	17898269**	12142775*	657.4**	5.02**	1806.8**
Y × G	2	7.4**	0.1 ns	3.1 *	17.4*	53865 ns	4937666 ns	25.7 ns	0.00 ns	76.8 ns
PD × G	4	21.4**	3.1**	2.4*	19.4*	553973*	3453976 ns	9.0 ns	0.11 ns	13.5 ns
Y × PD × G	4	5.4**	1.7 ns	1.5 ns	2.3 ns	429766 ns	5323386 ns	3.2 ns	0.10 ns	13.6 ns
SD × G	6	10.0**	10.6**	14.0**	6.7 ns	195150 ns	1812743 ns	6.3 ns	0.08 ns	9.1 ns
Y × SD × G	6	1.5ns	4.0**	0.3	1.4 ns	72621 ns	626649 ns	4.2 ns	0.10 ns	4.7 ns
PD × SD × G	12	5.4**	3.3**	7.7**	1.2 ns	62660 ns	2492593 ns	13.8 ns	0.03 ns	4.4 ns
Y × PD × SD × G	12	2.8**	1.7*	2.9**	1.8 ns	234860 ns	2483951 ns	9.9 ns	0.10 ns	7.9 ns
Error c	96	0.9	0.8	0.8	6.7	217715	3616203	26.4	0.638	40.6
CV (%)	-	0.65	0.56	0.49	6.40	10.86	15.24	14.74	6.63	9.71

Planting dates	Days to			1000-grain weight (g)	Grain yield	Biomass yield	Harvest index	Protein	Gluten index
Planting dates	spiking	anthesis	maturity	1000-grain weight (g)	(kg ha^-1)		(%)
P₁	154 a	164 a	184 a	42.65 a	5442 a	14794 a	37.01 a	11.91 b	64.08 b
P₂	148 b	159 b	180 b	40.82 b	4043 b	12136 b	34.22 b	12.14 a	65.94 a
P₃	141 c	155 c	170 c	38.17 c	3401 c	10493 c	33.39 b	12.08 a	66.88 a

Seeding densities	Days to			1000-grain weight (g)	Grain yield	Biomass yield	Harvest index	Protein	Gluten index
Seeding densities	Spiking	Anthesis	Maturity	1000-grain weight (g)	(kg ha^-1)		(%)
SD₁	150 a	161 a	182 a	43.37 a	4090 c	11215 b	36.59 ab	12.37 a	68.82 a
SD₂	147 b	160 b	181 b	41.40 b	4395 ab	11927 b	37.13 a	12.20 a	66.70 a
SD₃	147 b	159 b	179 c	39.74 c	4486 a	13332 a	33.94 bc	11.95 ab	65.02 ab
SD₄	145 c	158 c	179 c	37.69 d	4211 bc	13423 a	31.83 c	11.64 b	62.00 b

Pathway of association	PS	PG	SG
Direct effect of days to spiking on GY	0.721**	0.762**	0.173
Indirect effect of days to spiking on GY via
Days to anthesis on GY	-0.182	0.231	0.162
Days to maturity on GY	0.032	0.082	-0.160
1000-grain weight on GY	-0.036	0.241	0.165
Biomass yield on GY	0.746	0.610	0.804
Harvest index on GY	0.432	0.367	0.866
Protein on GY	-0.036	0.066	0.327
Gluten index on GY	0.072	-0.262	-0.123
Total correlation	0.627	0.496	0.056
Direct effect of days to anthesis on GY	0.745**	0.763**	0.367
Indirect effect of days to anthesis on GYvia
Days to spiking on GY	0.333	-0.272	-0.047
Days to maturity on GY	0.032	0.082	-0.160
1000-grain weight on GY	-0.036	0.241	0.165
Biomass yield on GY	0.746	0.610	0.804
Harvest index on GY	0.432	0.367	0.866
Protein on GY	-0.036	0.066	0.327
Gluten index on GY	0.072	-0.262	-0.123
Total correlation	0.697	0.566	0.073
Direct effect of days to maturity on GY	0.568**	0.728*	0.387
Indirect effect of days to maturity on GYvia
Days to spiking on GY	0.333	-0.177	-0.056
Days to anthesis on GY	-0.182	0.155	0.183
1000-grain weight on GY	-0.036	0.241	0.165
Biomass yield on GY	0.746	0.610	0.804
Harvest index on GY	0.432	0.367	0.866
Protein on GY	-0.036	0.066	0.327
Gluten index on GY	0.072	-0.262	-0.123
Total correlation	0.321	0.314	0.152
Direct effect of 1000-grain weight on GY	0.334	0.501	0.633*
Indirect effect of 1000-grain weight on GYvia
Days to spiking on GY	0.333	-0.177	-0.056
Days to anthesis on GY	-0.182	0.155	0.183
Days to maturity on GY	0.039	0.091	-0.152
Biomass yield on GY	0.746	0.610	0.804
Harvest index on GY	0.432	0.367	0.866
Protein on GY	-0.036	0.066	0.327
Gluten index on GY	0.072	-0.262	-0.123
Total correlation	0.352	0.423	0.286
Direct effect of biomass yield on GY	0.825**	0.863**	0.413
Indirect effect of biomass yield on GYvia
Days to spiking on GY	0.333	-0.177	-0.056
Days to anthesis on GY	-0.182	0.155	0.183
Days to maturity on GY	0.039	0.091	-0.152
1000-grain weight on GY	-0.036	0.241	0.165
Harvest index on GY	0.432	0.367	0.866
Protein on GY	-0.036	0.066	0.327
Gluten index on GY	0.072	-0.262	-0.123
Total correlation	0.736	0.423	0.283
Direct effect of harvest index on GY	0.363	0.803**	0.723**
Indirect effect of harvest index on GYvia
Days to spiking on GY	0.333	-0.177	-0.056
Days to anthesis on GY	-0.182	0.155	0.183
Days to maturity on GY	0.039	0.091	-0.152
1000-grain weight on GY	0.746	0.610	0.804
Biomass yield on GY	0.333	-0.177	-0.056
Protein on GY	-0.036	0.066	0.327
Gluten index on GY	0.072	-0.262	-0.123
Total correlation	0.426	0.732	0.513
Direct effect of Protein on GY	-0.240	0.065	0.496
Indirect effect of Protein on GYvia
Days to spiking on GY	0.333	-0.177	-0.056
Days to anthesis on GY	-0.182	0.155	0.183
Days to maturity on GY	0.039	0.091	-0.152
1000-grain weight on GY	-0.036	0.241	0.165
Biomass yield on GY	0.432	0.367	0.866
Harvest index on GY	0.333	-0.177	-0.056
Gluten index on GY	0.072	-0.262	-0.123
Total correlation	0.066	0.006	0.164
Direct effect of gluten index on GY	-0.380	0.156	0.762**
Indirect effect of gluten index on GYvia
Days to spiking on GY	0.333	-0.177	-0.056
Days to anthesis on GY	-0.182	0.155	0.183
Days to maturity on GY	0.039	0.091	-0.152
1000-grain weight on GY	0.746	0.610	0.804
Biomass yield on GY	0.432	0.367	0.866
Harvest index on GY	0.333	-0.177	-0.056
Protein index on GY	-0.036	0.066	0.327
Total correlation	0.179	0.036	0.661

Step	Variable entered	Partial R²	Model R²	F-test
Interaction Planting dates × Seeding densities
1	X5:Biomass yield	0.837	0.837	*
2	X6: Harvest index	0.160	0.998	*
3	X3: Days to maturity	0.001	0.999	*
Final regression model: GY (grain yield)= - 6621.3 + 0.395 X5 + 129.77 X6 + 10.63 X3
Interaction Planting dates × Genotypes
1	X5: Biomass yield	0.896	0.896	*
2	X6: Harvest index	0.101	0.997	*
Final regression model: GY (grain yield) = -4819.6 + 0.367 X5 + 130.13 X6
Interaction Seeding densities × Genotypes
1	X5: Biomass yield	0.528	0.528	*
2	X6: Harvest index	0.465	0.993	*
Final regression model: GY (grain yield) = -4648.9 + 0.34 X5 + 131.8 X6

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E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: va.rameeh@iran.ir

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Correlation and path coefficient analyses of phenological traits, yield components and quality traits in wheat1 1 Research developed at Baikola Agricultural Research Station, Mazandaran, Iran

Correlação e coeficiente de trilha de características fenológicas, componentes de rendimento e de qualidade em trigo

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Correlation and path coefficient analyses of phenological traits, yield components and quality traits in wheat¹ 1 Research developed at Baikola Agricultural Research Station, Mazandaran, Iran