Zinc oxide nanoparticles and bioinoculants on the postharvest quality of eggplant subjected to water deficit

Martins, Bruna L. R.; Araújo, Railene H. C. R.; Rocha, Josinaldo L. A.; Silva, Toshik I. da; Alves, Kalinny de A.; Almeida, Evanilson S. de; Ferreira, Kaiki N.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n7e279019

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Original Article • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 28 (7) • July 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n7e279019 copy

Zinc oxide nanoparticles and bioinoculants on the postharvest quality of eggplant subjected to water deficit¹ 1 Research developed at Experimental Farm of Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroalimentar of the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, São Domingos, PB, Brazil

Nano-óxido de zinco e bioinoculantes na qualidade pós-colheita da berinjela submetidas a déficit hídrico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is widely cultivated. It shows moderate tolerance to water deficit, but suffers yield losses in the arid and semi-arid regions where it is grown. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPZnO), in association with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), on the post-harvest quality of eggplant subjected to water deficit. Two irrigation percentages relative to potential evapotranspiration-ETo (50 and 100% ETo) and five combinations involving NPZnO or PGPB were studied. Number of commercial fruits per plant and weight of commercial fruits per plant, diameter, length, skin color, firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids, SS/TA, vitamin C and total soluble sugars were evaluated. There was strong positive correlation between weight of commercial fruits per plant, SS/TA, total soluble sugars, titratable acidity, lightness and vitamin C in the treatments containing ZnSO₄, NPZnO and PGPB. Water deficit and nanoparticles containing zinc, associated or not with bacteria that promote plant growth, did not influence the weight and average size of the fruits and the post-harvest quality of the eggplant crop. Water deficit reduced the chromaticity and lightness of the skin color and the vitamin C content of eggplant.

Key words:
Solanum melongena; drought; fruit quality

HIGHLIGHTS:

Foliar zinc sulfate application increases the Hue angle on eggplant fruit skin under water deficit conditions.

Water deficit increases chromaticity, lightness, and vitamin C in eggplant.

Zinc sulfate, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and plant growth-promoting bacteria have potential for improving eggplant quality.

Chemical	Value	Physical	Value
pH (CaCl₂)	6.20	Sand (g kg^-1)	444
P (mg kg^-1)	291	Silt (g kg^-1)	353
K⁺ (cmol_c dm^-3)	1.19	Clay (g kg^-1)	203
Na⁺ (cmol_c dm^-3)	0.54	BD (g cm^-3)	1.36
Ca²⁺ (cmol_c dm^-3)	5.80	PD (g cm^-3)	2.59
Mg²⁺ (cmol_c dm^-3)	3.40	TP (m³ m^-3)	0.47
Zn²⁺ (cmol_c dm^-3)	1.69	FC (%)	12.87
H + Al (cmol_c dm^-3)	2.30	PWP (%)	5.29
OM (g kg^-1)	6.40	AWC (%)	7.58
V (%)	83.0
CEC (%)	4.10

SV	DF	Mean square
SV	DF	pH	SS	TA	SS/TA	Total sugars	Vit C
Irrigation percentages (IP)	1	0.00052^ns	0.1102 ^ns	0.0003 ^ns	18.6097 ^ns	0.0551 ^ns	0.3014*
Treatments (T)	4	0.0627 ^ns	0.0281 ^ns	0.0002 ^ns	2.4608 ^ns	0.1640 ^ns	0.0541 ^ns
Blocks	3	0.1818	0.3770	0.0002	4.9501	0.1540	0.4430
Error 1	3	0.0844	0.0876	0.0003	1.6406	0.0270	0.0369
IP x T	4	0.0613 ^ns	0.0418 ^ns	0.0001 ^ns	1.0063 ^ns	0.3810 ^ns	0.0056 ^ns
Error 2	24	0.0549	0.2662	0.0005	13.5334	0.2009	0.0253
CV1 (%)	-	5.81	6.23	9.41	4.96	7.42	14.22
CV2 (%)	-	4.69	10.86	11.83	14.25	20.20	11.79
		CF	NCF	WCF	WNCF	FL	FD
Irrigation percentages (IP)	1	1.6000 ^ns	2.0250 ^ns	4.2532 ^ns	32643.20 ^ns	0.8089 ^ns	2.0976 ^ns
Treatments (T)	4	12.6500 ^ns	20.9300 ^ns	751.190 ^ns	25372.80 ^ns	0.2359 ^ns	2.2917 ^ns
Blocks	3	111.1333	191.758	1111.79	23202.16	0.2837	22.7873
Error 1	3	73.9333	6.0917	789.43	38457.21	0.5378	21.8100
IP x T	4	20.1000 ^ns	18.8375 ^ns	770.64 ^ns	46038.57 ^ns	0.1979 ^ns	3.8745 ^ns
Error 2	24	27.8250	34.9042	1333.19	46145.59	0.4595	10.3114
CV1 (%)	-	78.88	16.59	10.64	98.73	4.15	7.44
CV2 (%)	-	48.39	39.72	13.83	108.14	3.84	5.11

SV	DF	Mean square
SV	DF	Firmness	L*	C*	Hue
Irrigation percentages (IP)	1	12.0281^ns	2.4389*	6.7239*	0.2476*
Treatments (T)	4	5.2486 ^ns	0.0341 ^ns	0.1948 ^ns	0.0212 ^ns
Blocks	3	50.1616	0.3652	1.2256	0.0811
Error 1	3	69.1813	0.1821	0.6123	0.0147
IP × T	4	3.3523 ^ns	0.1812 ^ns	1.6361 ^ns	0.2584*
Error 2	24	12.7386	0.2103	0.7106	0.0751
CV1 (%)	-	19.62	1.65	13.92	15.40
CV2 (%)	-	8.42	1.77	15.00	34.81

Treatments	pH	TA (g 100g^-1)	SS (°Brix)	SS/TA	Total sugars (g 100g^-1)	Firmness (N)
Control	4.927 a	0.184 a	4.779 a	26.441 a	2.182 a	42.810 a
ZnSO₄ foliar	4.895 a	0.190 a	4.767 a	25.243 a	2.337 a	42.651 a
NPZnO foliar	5.042 a	0.188 a	4.805 a	25.583 a	2.253 a	43.061 a
NPZnO foliar + Bio	5.113 a	0.186 a	4.746 a	25.461 a	2.333 a	41.002 a
ZnSO₄ soil + Bio	5.022 a	0.179 a	4.650 a	26.391 a	1.990 a	42.437 a
IP 50%	4.996 a	0.182 a	4.802 a	26.506 a	2.256 a	41.844 a
IP 100%	5.003 a	0.183 a	4.697 a	25.142 a	2.182 a	42.940 a
	CF	NCF	WCF (g)	WNCF (g)	FL (cm)	FD (cm)
Control	10.875 a	17.250 a	259.770 a	145.507 a	17.440 a	6.341 a
ZnSO₄ foliar	9.125 a	14.875 a	260.822 a	160.000 a	17.700 a	6.297 a
NPZnO foliar	10.375 a	14.375 a	257.349 a	140.870 a	17.735 a	6.272 a
NPZnO foliar + Bio	11.750 a	12.750 a	271.489 a	177.647 a	17.860 a	6.195 a
ZnSO₄ soil + Bio	12.375 a	15.125 a	250.909 a	173.223 a	17.515 a	6.290 a
IP 50%	11.100 a	14.650 a	257.838 a	153.857 a	17.792 a	6.256 a
IP 100%	10.700 a	15.100 a	262.243 a	163.311 a	17.508 a	6.302 a

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: brunalorranerosendomartins@gmail.com

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles and bioinoculants on the postharvest quality of eggplant subjected to water deficit1 1 Research developed at Experimental Farm of Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroalimentar of the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, São Domingos, PB, Brazil

Nano-óxido de zinco e bioinoculantes na qualidade pós-colheita da berinjela submetidas a déficit hídrico

ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS:

Zinc oxide nanoparticles and bioinoculants on the postharvest quality of eggplant subjected to water deficit¹ 1 Research developed at Experimental Farm of Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroalimentar of the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, São Domingos, PB, Brazil