Green and sweet corn grown under different cover crops and phases of the no-tillage system

Nunes, Diemisson O.; Favaro, João H. de S.; Charlo, Hamilton C. de O.; Loss, Arcângelo; Barreto, Antônio C.; Torres, José Luiz R.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n3p173-179

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 26 (3) • Mar 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n3p173-179 copy

Green and sweet corn grown under different cover crops and phases of the no-tillage system¹ 1 Research developed at Uberaba, MG, Brazil

Milhos verde e doce cultivados sob diferentes coberturas e estádios do sistema de plantio direto

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

Sunn hemp is the cover crop that produces the largest dry matter in all phases of the no-tillage system.

Considering adequate amounts of dry matter, the type of cover crop does not affect the yield of sweet and green corn.

No-tillage system in transition or consolidation phases promotes better yields in green and sweet corn production.

ABSTRACT

Special corn is cultivated all year conventionally round; however, its productivity increases when grown under a no-tillage system (NTS). This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of sweet and green corn cultivated under residues of different cover crops and the NTS implantation stages. Two experiments were carried out in the randomized block design, with four replications, in each of the three areas. The experiments consisted of evaluating the sweet and green corn, simultaneously, in three areas at different stages of development of NTS: initial (1 year), transition (7 years), and consolidation (19 years) with six types of cover crops: Signal grass (SG), Pearl millet (PM), Sunn hemp (SH), a mixture of SG + SH, SG + PM, and PM + SH. The dry matter (DM) production of the cover crops, the productivity of husked and unhusked ears, straw, and grain yield were evaluated. The SH had the highest dry mass production among the studied cover crops in all phases of the NTS. The phase of the NTS did not influence the productivity of ears with or without husk in green corn. The cultivation of sweet corn in transition and consolidation areas of the NTS showed better yields when compared to the initial phase of the system.

Key words:
Zea mays; Cerrado; cover plants; yield

Areas	Description
NTS1	Total area of 0.30 ha, at 19º 45' 27” S, 47º 55' 36” W, and 795 m of altitude, in an area under the initial phase of the no-tillage system (NTS), with one year of implantation (NTS1).
NTS7	Total area of 0.21 ha, at 19º 39' 22.69” S, 47º 57' 25.86” W, and 797 m of altitude, in an area under transition phase to the NTS, with seven years of implantation (NTS7).
NTS19	Total area of 0.21 ha, at 19º 39' 21.81” S, 47º 57' 26.82” W, and 798 m of altitude, in an area under consolidation phase of NTS, with 19 years of implementation (NTS19).

System	pH CaCl₂	P-av (mg kg^-1)	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	Al³⁺	H + Al	K⁺	OM (g kg^-1)
System	pH CaCl₂	P-av (mg kg^-1)	(cmol_c dm^-3)						OM (g kg^-1)
	0-0.05 m
NTS1	5.0	26.41	1.70	1.42	0.03	0.32	3,55	0.25	12.60
NTS7	5.0	21.72	1.45	1.32	0.03	0.35	4,50	0.21	14.14
NTS19	5.0	17.60	1.72	1.10	0.04	0.27	4,62	0.28	15.21
	0.05-0.10 m
NTS1	5.0	27.43	1.57	1.40	0.03	0.22	3,42	0.10	12.71
NTS7	4.7	14.97	0.92	1.25	0.03	0.50	5,12	0.14	11.81
NTS19	4.7	12.09	1.02	1.00	0.04	0.42	5,20	0.15	13.24
	0.10-0.20 m
NTS1	4.9	9.31	1.32	0.97	0.03	0.32	3,46	0.07	10.38
NTS7	4.5	9.52	0.65	1.22	0.03	0.50	4,54	0.12	11.71
NTS19	4.6	9.29	0.87	1.25	0.04	0.27	5,16	0.14	10.64
	0.20-0.40 m
NTS1	4.9	2.45	1.22	1.15	0.03	0.40	3,39	0.06	8.45
NTS7	4.6	2.36	0.42	0.97	0.04	0.27	3,72	0.10	7.93
NTS19	4.5	2.10	0.62	0.97	0.03	0.43	4,70	0.11	7.76

Coverings	Agronomic attributes
	EY	HY	EHY	GYH
	(Mg ha^-1)
Coverings
Signal grass (SG)	6.99	3.56	10.55	66.22
Pearl millet (PM)	7.13	3.59	10.72	66.11
Sunn hemp (SH)	6.85	3.52	10.37	66.22
SG + SH	7.09	3.47	10.64	67.14
SG + PM	7.15	3.61	10.77	66.48
PM + SH	6.89	3.60	10.50	65.77
Phases of the no-tillage system
Initial	6.96	3.54 b	10.51	66.32 b
Transition	7.16	3.40 b	10.56	67.88 a
Consolidation	6.93	3.74 a	10.51	66.02 c
F_{coverings (C)}	1.42 ^NS	0.47 ^NS	0.73 ^NS	0.88 ^NS
F_{area (A)}	2.62 ^NS	8.90**	0.69 ^NS	17.18**
F_{Int. CxA}	0.73 ^NS	0.38 ^NS	0.70 ^NS	0.43 ^NS
CV%	6.13	12.62	6.84	3.90

Coverings	Agronomic attributes
	EY	HY	EHY	GYH
	(Mg ha^-1)
Coverings
Signal grass (SG)	5.92	2.50	8.44	3.40
Pearl millet (PM)	63.5	2.68	8.92	3.79
Sunn hemp (SH)	6.22	2.60	8.83	3.62
SG + SH	6.25	2.55	8.77	3.84
SG + PM	6.10	2.63	8.78	3.76
PM + SH	6.05	2.59	8.66	3.54
Phases of the no-tillage system
Initial	5.32 b	2.42	7.77 b	2.88 b
Transition	6.72 a	2.73	9.40 a	4.16 a
Consolidation	6.41 a	2.63	9,02 a	3,94 a
F_{coverings (C)}	0.70 ^NS	0.28 ^NS	0.43 ^NS	1.10 ^NS
F_{area (A)}	32.14**	3.28 ^NS	22.38**	36.42**
F_{Int. CxA}	1.56 ^NS	1.77 ^NS	1.69 ^NS	1.74 ^NS
CV%	8.23	11.62	7.78	7.45

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: jlrtorres@iftm.edu.br

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Green and sweet corn grown under different cover crops and phases of the no-tillage system1 1 Research developed at Uberaba, MG, Brazil

Milhos verde e doce cultivados sob diferentes coberturas e estádios do sistema de plantio direto

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Green and sweet corn grown under different cover crops and phases of the no-tillage system¹ 1 Research developed at Uberaba, MG, Brazil