Cowpea growth and production under water stress and soil mulching

Cowpea is a crop of high socioeconomic importance for the semi-arid region of Brazil, although facing significant yield losses due to drought, requiring management strategies to overcome this scenario. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of cowpea genotypes under drought in different cultivation systems. The statistical design was randomized blocks arranged in a 2 × 4 × 2 factorial scheme corresponding to two cowpea genotypes (BRS Pujante and Costela de Vaca), four levels of crop evapotranspiration (40, 60, 80, and 100%), and two cultivation systems (with and without soil mulching). The BRS Pujante showed a higher leaf area and 100-grain weight than Costela de Vaca under all levels of crop evapotranspiration. The cowpea yield parameters showed the best results at 80 and 100% crop evapotranspiration. Regardless of the genotype, soil mulching provided higher cowpea 100-grain weight values. Soil mulching combined with 80% crop evapotranspiration is an appropriate strategy for cowpea production.

Key words:
Vigna unguiculata; drought; BRS Pujante; Costela de Vaca

Source of variation	DF	F-test
Source of variation	DF	SD	MSL	NL	LA
G	1	*	**	ns	**
ETc	3	**	**	**	**
M	1	**	**	**	**
G × ETc	3	*	**	**	**
ETc × M	3	ns	ns	**	**
G × M	1	**	ns	**	ns
G × ETc × M	3	ns	ns	*	ns
CV (%)	-	5.87	5.95	8.11	9.29

Genotype	Soil mulching
	SD (mm)
	With	Without
PJA	8.39 aA	7.81 aB
CVA	8.60 aA	7.05 bB

Genotype	Soil mulching	Crop evapotranspiration (%)				Equation	R²	CV (%)
Genotype	Soil mulching	40	60	80	100	Equation	R²	CV (%)
PJA	With	26.05 bA	31.10 bA	36.15 aA	41.20 aA	y = 15.95 + 0.2525*x	0.96	19.77
PJA	Without	27.17 aA	28.58 aA	28.54 aB	27.07 aB	y = 20.045 + 0.2502x - 0.0018x²	0.82	3.36
CVA	With	32.83 aA	36.10 aA	37.52 aA	37.11 aA	y = 20.785 + 0.3932x - 0.0023x²	0.95	5.98
CVA	Without	22.89 bB	26.92 aB	26.70 aB	22.25 bB	y = 2.125 + 0.7312x - 0.0053x²	0.98	10.14

Source of variation	DF	F-test
Source of variation	DF	NP	PL	NGP	100GW
G	1	ns	*	**	**
ETc	3	**	ns	**	**
M	1	ns	ns	ns	*
G × ETc	3	**	ns	ns	ns
ETc × M	3	ns	ns	**	ns
G × M	1	ns	ns	*	ns
G × ETc × M	3	ns	ns	ns	*
CV (%)	-	15.24	20.09	10.33	16.85

Genotype	Soil mulching
	NGP		PL (cm)
	With	Without	PL (cm)
PJA	8.99 bA	9.39 bA	19.64 a
CVA	11.09 aA	10.40 aA	17.63 b

Genotype	Soil mulching	Crop evapotranspiration (%)				Equation	R²	CV (%)
Genotype	Soil mulching	40	60	80	100	Equation	R²	CV (%)
PJA	With	26.03 aA	28.18 aA	30.32 aA	32.47 aA	y = 21.739 + 0.1073*x	0.95	9.97
PJA	Without	25.97 aA	27.77 aA	28.78 aA	28.98 aB	y = 19.954 + 0.1903x - 0.001x²	0.98	4.81
CVA	With	18.26 bA	22.89 bA	24.64 bA	23.51 bA	y = 0.3685 + 0.5914x - 0.0036x²	0.96	13.44
CVA	Without	14.67 bB	19.69 bB	20.31 bB	16.53 bB	y = -8.57 + 0.801x - 0.0055x²	0.95	16.08

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: vanies_agronomia@hotmail.com

Brasil

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Cowpea growth and production under water stress and soil mulching1 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, Pombal, PB, Brazil

Crescimento e produção do feijão-caupi sob estresse hídrico e cobertura de solo

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ABSTRACT

Cowpea growth and production under water stress and soil mulching¹ 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, Pombal, PB, Brazil