Relações iônicas entre macronutrientes e sódio pela salsa sob soluções nutritivas preparadas com águas salobras

Muchecua, Salimo M. H.; Santos Júnior, José A.; Menezes, Sirleide M. de; Silva, Gerônimo F. da; Chaves, Lucia H. G.; Cruz, Ruana I. F.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n1p11-20

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Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 26 (1) • Jan 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n1p11-20 copiar

Relações iônicas entre macronutrientes e sódio pela salsa sob soluções nutritivas preparadas com águas salobras

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A concentração e natureza dos íons influenciam diretamente as relações iônicas entre macronutrientes e sódio, especialmente no contexto das plantas cultivadas em condições de salinidade. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar a eficiência de uso do N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S e a eficiência de acúmulo de Na, bem como as relações que ocorrem entre Ca⁺², Mg⁺², Na⁺ e K⁺ após análise do tecido de plantas de salsa, cultivar Graúda Portuguesa, expostas a soluções nutritivas preparadas com águas salobras com diferentes naturezas catiônicas. Os tratamentos consistiram na exposição das plantas a soluções nutritivas (CE_sn = 1,7, 2,7, 3,7, 4,7, 5,7 e 6,7 dS m^-1) preparadas com águas salobras obtidas mediante a solubilização de diferentes sais - NaCl, CaCl₂.2H₂O, MgCl₂.6H₂O e KCl em água de abastecimento (CEa = 0,12 dS m^-1). Realizou-se dois ciclos de cultivo, adotando-se em ambos, delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (esquema fatorial 6 x 4), com quatro repetições. Verificou-se que a eficiência de uso dos macronutrientes e de acúmulo do sódio foi afetada com maior intensidade pela natureza catiônica da água nos maiores níveis de concentração. Exceto para a razão Ca⁺² - Mg⁺², todas as outras razões catiônicas avaliadas foram afetadas pelo aumento na concentração de sais na solução nutritiva.

Palavras-chave:
Petroselinum crispum; hidroponia; salinidade

Electrical conductivity of nutrient solutions (dS m^-1)
	1.7	2.7	3.7	4.7	5.7	6.7	Equation	R²
SDM of bunches (g) – Public-supply water
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.05; NC: p ≤ 0.05; EC_ns x NC: p ≤ 0.05; CV = 5.52%)
NaCl	8.4750 a	7.5225 a	6.7325 a	6.4275 a	5.9600 a	4.4475 a	$y = - 0.7180 * * x + 9.6098$	0.95
CaCl₂	8.2675 a	7.1450 a	6.6525 a	6.3175 a	3.9500 b	3.3575 b	$y = - 0.9849 * * x + 10.084$	0.93
MgCl₂	8.1750 a	7.6250 a	6.9725 a	4.7850 b	4.0300 b	3.6500 b	$y = - 1.0170 * * x + 10.144$	0.94
KCl	8.3775 a	7.3475 a	6.9225 a	6.3875 a	5.8150 a	4.5100 a	$y = - 0.6991 * * x + 9.4964$	0.96
SDM of bunches (g) – Brackish water
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.05; NC: p ≤ 0.05; EC_ns x NC: p > 0.05; CV = 8.29%)
NaCl		CaCl₂		MgCl₂		KCl
6.7975 a		6.5450 b		6.5091 b		6.2950 b	$y = - 0.7633 * * x + 9.743$	0.99
Public-supply water - Na⁺/K⁺
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; NC: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x NC: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 16%)
CaCl₂	0.3250 a	0.2775 b	0.2760 b	0.2625 b	0.2795 b	0.2525 b	$Ῡ = 0.2788$
KCl	0.2982 a	0.3140 b	0.2977 b	0.2945 b	0.3057 b	0.3010 b	$Ῡ = 0.3018$
MgCl₂	0.3667 a	0.2982 b	0.2810 b	0.2725 b	0.3062 b	0.3727 b	¹ $y = 0.0157 * * x 2 - {0.1306}^{n s} x + 0.5419$	0.98
NaCl	0.3712 a	0.4630 a	0.6125 a	0.8740 a	1.014 a	1.4805 a	$y = 0.2132 * * x + 0.0923$	0.93
Brackish water - Na⁺/K⁺
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; NC: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x NC: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 12.26%)
CaCl₂	0.3067 a	0.2912 b	0.3230 b	0.3222 b	0.3420 b	0.3440 b	¹ $y = 0.0096 * x + 0.2810$	0.91
KCl	0.3517 a	0.2655 b	0.2217 c	0.1922 c	0.1840 c	0.1775 d	$y = - 0.0327 * * x + 0.3695$	0.83
MgCl₂	0.2965 a	0.2537 b	0.2197 c	0.2130 c	0.2242 c	0.2557 c	¹ $y = 0.0099 * x^{2} - 0.0914 * * x + 0.4249$	0.99
NaCl	0.3472 a	0.4292 a	0.6740 a	0.8792 a	1.1510 a	1.4027 a	$y = 0.2185 * * x - 0.1038$	0.98
Public-supply water – Na⁺/Ca⁺²
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; NC: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x NC: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 35.36%)
CaCl₂	0.6547 a	1.1587 a	1.4185 a	1.7982 a	1.9450 a	2.6215 a	$y = 0.3592 * * x + 0.0908$	0.97
KCl	0.6807 a	0.4907 b	0.4502 c	0.3715 c	0.3480 c	0.2750 c	¹ $y = - {0.0724}^{n s} x + 0.7403$	0.91
MgCl₂	0.5762 a	0.7230 b	0.8095 b	0.8625 b	0.9995 b	1.0850 b	¹ $y = 0.0979 * * x + 0.4315$	0.98
NaCl	0.5285 a	0.4192 b	0.3177 c	0.2545 c	0.2435 c	0.2135 c	¹ $y = - 0.0619 * * x + 0.5894$	0.9
Brackish water – Na⁺/Ca⁺²
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; NC: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x NC: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 36.99%)
CaCl₂	2.3175 a	1.3315 b	0.8997 b	1.2722 b	0.7892 b	0.8307 c	$Ῡ = 1.2401$
KCl	0.7552 a	2.6475 a	2.4667 a	2.1957 b	2.1765 a	2.2957 b	$Ῡ = 2.0895$
MgCl₂	2.6752 a	1.4460 b	1.1110 b	0.9407 b	0.9937 b	1.0097 c	¹ $y = 0.1389 * * - 1.4483 * * x + 4.5903$	0.94
NaCl	2.8197 a	2.5197 a	3.3957 a	4.3750 a	2.9487 a	7.2200 a	$y = 0.2437 * * x^{2} - 1.3537 x + 4.5558$	0.68
Public-supply water – Na⁺/Mg⁺²
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; CN: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x CN: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 28.20%)
CaCl₂	2.6185 a	2.1580 b	2.1327 c	2.1735 b	2.2155 b	1.8980 b	¹ $y = 0.0176 * * x^{2} - {0.244}^{n s} x + 2.8648$	0.64
KCl	2.6855 a	3.7755 a	4.6082 b	6.8737 a	9.5337 a	15.038 a	$y = 2.3230 * * x - 2.6709$	0.89
MgCl₂	2.7342 a	2.2265 b	1.9542 c	2.5035 b	2.4465 b	2.6500 b	¹ $y = 0.0789 * * x^{2} - {0.6400}^{n s} x + 3.4860$	0.58
NaCl	3.1190 a	4.5542 a	6.7605 a	8.7210 a	10.383 a	13.440 a	$y = 2.0302 * * x - 0.6969$	0.99
Brackish water – Na⁺/Mg⁺²
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; CN: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x CN: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 43.37%)
CaCl₂	3.4692 a	2.9645 a	3.1212 b	3.1057 b	3.0807 b	2.6437 c	¹ $y = - {0.0069}^{n s} x^{2} - {0.0502}^{n s} x + 3.4174$	0.58
KCl	4.0752 a	4.2655 a	4.5867 b	5.2887 b	6.1477 a	6.6572 b	¹ $y = {0.5502}^{n s} x + 2.8592$	0.96
MgCl₂	3.1752 a	2.3747 a	2.0577 b	1.9012 b	1.9917 b	2.2777 c	$Ῡ = 2.2797$
NaCl	3.6712 a	4.7117 a	7.5750 a	10.913 a	8.2840 a	19.208 a	$y = 2.6211 * * x - 1.9481$	0.76

Electrical conductivity of nutrient solutions (dS m^-1)
	1.7	2.7	3.7	4.7	5.7	6.7	Equation	R²
Replacement with public-supply water - Ca⁺²/Mg⁺²
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; CN: p ≤ 0.05; EC_ns x CN: p > 0.05; CV = 27.35%)
CaCl₂		KCl		MgCl₂		NaCl
3.3533 a		2.6262 b		2.0467 c		2.2072 c	$y = 0.4046 * * x + 0.8593$	0.97
Replacement with brackish water - Ca⁺²/Mg⁺²
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; CN: p ≤ 0.05; EC_ns x CN: p > 0.05; CV = 42.10%)
CaCl₂		KCl		MgCl₂		NaCl
3.2004 a		2.1947 b		1.8433 b		2.0272 b	$y = - 0.0878 * x^{2} + 0.9908 * * x - 0.0394$	0.92
Replacement with public-supply water - Ca⁺²/K⁺
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; CN: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x CN: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 20.66%)
CaCl₂	0.2122 a	0.3172 a	0.3892 a	0.4585 a	0.5460 a	0.6147 a	$y = 0.0791 * * x + 0.0908$	0.99
KCl	0.2015 a	0.1522 b	0.1332 b	0.1092 c	0.1060 c	0.0825 d	$y = - 0.0217 * * x + 0.2217$	0.92
MgCl₂	0.2097 a	0.2147 b	0.2247 b	0.2342 b	0.3017 b	0.4055 b	$y = 0.0129 * * x^{2} - {0.0729}^{n s} x + 0.3055$	0.97
NaCl	0.1922 a	0.1935 b	0.1937 b	0.2222 b	0.2470 b	0.3135 c	$y = 0.0227 * * x + 0.1316$	0.79
Replacement with brackish water - Ca⁺²/K⁺
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; CN: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x CN: p > 0.05; CV = 49.63%)
CaCl₂		KCl		MgCl₂		NaCl
0.0346 a		0.0951 c		0.2012 b		0.1685 b	$y = - 0.008 * * x^{2} + 0.0864 * * x - 0.0044$	0.86

Electrical conductivity of nutrient solutions (dS m^-1)
	1.7	2.7	3.7	4.7	5.7	6.7	Equation	R²
Replacement with public-supply water – Total dry mass, TDM (g)
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.05; NC: p ≤ 0.05; EC_ns x CN: p ≤ 0.05; CV = 5.66%)
CaCl₂	10.22 a	8.71 a	7.63 a	6.90 ab	4.42 b	3.64 b	$y = - 1.3286 * * x + 12.50$	0.9773
KCl	10.69 a	8.94 a	7.81 a	7.07 a	6.50 a	5.08 a	$y = - 1.0317 * * x + 12.015$	0.9707
MgCl₂	10.43 a	8.87 a	7.83 a	5.50 b	4.56 b	3.96 b	$y = - 1.3603 * * x + 12.572$	0.9731
NaCl	8.36 a	7.53 a	6.83 a	6.45 a	5.85 a	4.47 a	$y = - 1.1646 * * x + 12.865$	0.9256
Replacement with brackish water – Total dry mass, TDM (g)
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.05; CN: p > 0.05; EC_ns x CN: p ≤ 0.05; CV = 7.82%)
CaCl₂		KCl		MgCl₂		NaCl
7.27 ab		7.10 b		7.31 ab		7.54 a	$y = - 0.8089 * * x + 10.699$	0.9969
Replacement with public-supply water - Efficiency of use of nitrogen, NUE (g mg^-1)
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; CN: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x CN: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 14%)
CaCl₂	0.4740 a	0.3630 a	0.3262 a	0.3167 a	0.1557 b	0.1357 b	$y = - 0.0664 * * x + 0.5740$	0.92
KCl	0.5442 a	0.4207 a	0.3595 a	0.3417 a	0.3430 a	0.2497 a	$y = - 0.0492 * * x + 0.5833$	0.86
MgCl₂	0.4995 a	0.3952 a	0.3457 a	0.2450 b	0.1812 b	0.1827 b	$y = - 0.0665 * * x + 0.5874$	0.94
NaCl	0.5111 a	0.4162 a	0.3525 a	0.3782 a	0.3737 a	0.2462 a	$y = - 0.0407 * * x + 0.5507$	0.78
Replacement with brackish water - Efficiency of use of nitrogen, NUE (g mg^-1)
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; CN: p ≤ 0.05; EC_ns x CN: p > 0.05; CV = 9.14%)
CaCl₂		KCl		MgCl₂		NaCl
0.2904 b		0.2920 b		0.3062 a		0.3135 a	$y = - 0.0257 * * x + 0.4086$	0.98
Replacement with public-supply water - Efficiency of use of phosphorus, PUE (g mg^-1)
(EC_ns: p < 0.01; CN: p < 0.01; EC_ns x CN: p < 0.01; CV = 14.56%)
CaCl₂	2.9672 a	2.3975 a	2.1070 b	2.1052 b	1.0537 c	0.9157 b	$y = - 0.4083 * * x + 3.6392$	0.92
KCl	3.2950 a	2.7012 a	2.7550 a	2.8182 a	3.1015 a	2.4872 a	$Ῡ = 2.0728$
MgCl₂	2.9132 a	2.3830 a	2.0730 b	1.6675 b	1.3115 c	1.3610 b	$y = - 0.3252 * * x + 3.3173$	0.94
NaCl	3.2808 a	2.5188 a	2.1005 b	2.0025 b	1.8970 b	1.1850 b	$y = - 0.3555 * * x + 3.6571$	0.9
Replacement with brackish water - Efficiency of use of phosphorus, PUE (g mg^-1)
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; CN: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x CN: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 10.94%)
CaCl₂	3.0155 a	2.7687 a	2.5777 a	2.4125 a	2.1782 a	2.1977 a	$y = - 0.1722 * * x + 3.2481$	0.95
KCl	2.6795 a	2.0677 b	1.7897 b	1.8825 b	1.8992 a	2.1185 a	$y = 0.0952 * * x^{2} - 0.8920 * * x + 3.8614$	0.94
MgCl₂	2.9675 a	2.4090 b	2.1267 b	1.9975 b	1.8922 a	2.0160 a	$y = - 0.1839 * * x + 3.0073$	0.73
NaCl	2.9497 a	2.9202 a	2.4360 a	2.2307 a	1.8190 a	1.6432 b	$y = - 0.2869 * * x + 3.5381$	0.96
Replacement with public-supply water - Efficiency of use of potassium, KUE (g mg^-1)
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; CN: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x CN: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 14.70%)
CaCl₂	0.4898 a	0.3890 a	0.3598 a	0.3533 a	0.1903 b	0.1820 b	$y = - 0.0612 * * x + 0.5843$	0.91
KCl	0.5233 a	0.3208 b	0.2373 b	0.1883 b	0.1778 b	0.1200 c	$y = - 0.0713 * * x + 0.5605$	0.84
MgCl₂	0.4988 a	0.3403 b	0.2735 b	0.1928 b	0.1668 b	0.1948 b	$y = - 0.0606 * * x + 0.5323$	0.81
NaCl	0.5178 a	0.4000 a	0.3278 a	0.3890 a	0.4035 a	0.3283 a	$y = 0.0099 * x^{2} - 0.1089 * * x + 0.646$	0.6
Replacement with brackish water - Efficiency of use of potassium, KUE (g mg^-1)
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; CN: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x CN: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 11.42%)
CaCl₂	0.3527 a	0.3355 a	0.3495 a	0.3170 a	0.2835 a	0.3157 a	$Ῡ = 0.3256$
KCl	0.3377 a	0.2347 c	0.1840 c	0.1592 c	0.1257 c	0.1230 c	$y = - 0.04073 * * x + 0.3651$	0.87
MgCl₂	0.3492 a	0.2805 b	0.2390 b	0.2142 b	0.2130 b	0.2127 b	$y = - 0.0260 * * x + 0.3606$	0.79
NaCl	0.3532 a	0.3347 a	0.3325 a	0.3202 a	0.3190 a	0.3135 a	$Ῡ = 0.3286$

Electrical conductivity of nutrient solutions (dS m^-1)
	1.7	2.7	3.7	4.7	5.7	6.7	Equation	R²
Replacement with public-supply water - Efficiency of use of calcium, CaUE
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; Cn: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x Cn: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 17.82%)
CaCl₂	2.3515 a	1.2305 b	0.9262 b	0.7737 b	0.3455 b	0.3285 c	$y = - 0.3692 * * x + 2.5434$	0.84
KCl	2.5997 a	2.1280 a	1.8107 a	1.7190 a	1.7072 a	1.4535 a	$y = - 0.2024 * * x + 2.7533$	0.87
MgCl₂	2.4015 a	1.5785 b	1.2247 b	0.8342 b	0.6300 b	0.5012 c	$y = - 0.3639 * * x + 2.7235$	0.91
NaCl	2.6922 a	2.0742 a	1.6930 a	1.7610 a	1.6372 a	1.0507 b	$y = - 0.2700 * * x + 2.9521$	0.86
Replacement with brackish water - - Efficiency of use of calcium. CaUE
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; Cn: p ≤ 0.05; EC_ns x CN: p > 0.05; CV = 32.80%)
CaCl₂		KCl		MgCl2		NaCl
1.2962 b		1.9913 a		1.4656 b		1.7619 a	$y = - 0.3214 * * x + 2.9788$	0.76
Replacement with public-supply water - Efficiency of use of magnesium, MgUE
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; Cn: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x Cn: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 27.47%)
CaCl₂	3.9532 a	3.0225 a	2.7800 b	2.9450 b	1.4830 c	1.4092 c	$y = - 0.4907 * * x + 4.6597$	0.87
KCl	4.7115 a	3.8525 a	3.6725 a	4.3572 a	5.5980 a	6.1655 a	$y = 0.2288 * * x^{2} - {1.5454}^{n s} x + 6.5127$	0.92
MgCl₂	3.7260 a	2.5242 a	1.9647 b	1.8995 b	1.3405 c	1.4015 c	$y = - 0.4354 * * x + 3.9714$	0.84
NaCl	4.3830 a	3.9410 a	3.5995 a	3.8505 a	4.1397 b	2.9867 b	$Ῡ = 0.3817$
Replacement with brackish water - Efficiency of use of magnesium, MgUE
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; Cn: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x Cn: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 20.51%)
CaCl₂	4.0035 a	3.4285 a	3.3762 a	3.0652 b	2.5355 a	2.4300 a	$y = - 0.3102 * * x + 4.4427$	0.95
KCl	3.9177 a	3.7762 a	3.8165 a	4.3727 a	4.1972 b	4.6320 b	$Ῡ = 3.9520$
MgCl₂	3.7662 a	2.6105 b	2.2232 b	1.9312 c	1.8957 a	1.8585 a	$y = - 0.3421 * * x + 3.8179$	0.75
NaCl	3.6727 a	3.6777 a	3.7447 a	3.9787 a	2.0915 a	4.3177 b	$Ῡ = 3.5805$
Replacement with public-supply water - - Efficiency of use of sulfur, SUE
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; Cn: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x Cn: p ≤ 0.05; CV = 14.72%)
CaCl₂	10.805 a	7.3252 b	6.4427 b	6.4035 b	3.4620 c	3.2297 b	$y = - 1.4145 * * x + 12.2189$	0.9
KCl	11.795 a	9.0942 a	8.0235 a	7.8105 a	7.7615 b	5.8477 a	$y = - 0.9700 * * x + 12.6428$	0.84
MgCl₂	10.539 a	7.7477 b	6.9977 b	4.9000 c	3.9540 c	4.1157 b	$y = - 1.3028 * * x + 11.8475$	0.9
NaCl	11.573 a	9.7722 a	8.3767 a	10.413 a	10.436 a	7.2772 a	$y = - 0.49862 * * x + 11.7358$	0.36
Replacement with brackish water - - Efficiency of use of sulfur, SUE
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; Cn: p ≤ 0.05; EC_ns x CN: p > 0.05; CV = 8.73%)
CaCl₂		KCl		MgCl₂		NaCl
7.2995 a		7.6212 a		6.8879 b		6.5562 b	$y = - 0.3503 * * x + 8.5625$	0.86
Replacement with brackish water - - Efficiency of use of sodium, NUEa
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; Cn: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x Cn: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 19.21%)
CaCl₂	1.5100 a	1.4305 a	1.3142 a	1.3922 a	0.6792 a	0.7580 a	$y = - 0.1696 * * x + 1.8930$	0.75
KCl	1.4737 a	1.0470 b	0.7965 c	0.6385 b	0.5932 a	0.3977 b	$y = - 0.1971 * * x + 1.6524$	0.91
MgCl₂	1.3642 a	1.1435 b	0.9850 b	0.7095 b	0.5455 a	0.5275 a	$y = - 0.1787 * * x + 1.6296$	0.96
NaCl	1.4257 a	0.8722 b	0.5395 d	0.4447 b	0.3972 a	0.2247 b	$y = - 0.2150 * * x + 1.5537$	0.85
Replacement with brackish water - - Efficiency of use of sodium, NUEa
(EC_ns: p ≤ 0.01; Cn: p ≤ 0.01; EC_ns x Cn: p ≤ 0.01; CV = 12.42%)
CaCl₂	1.1185 a	1.1657 a	1.0930 a	0.9947 a	0.8510 a	0.9282 a	$y = - 0.0569 * * x + 1.2645$	0.77
KCl	1.1092 a	0.8852 b	0.8365 b	0.8287 b	0.6835 b	0.6985 b	$y = - 0.0762 * * x + 1.1603$	0.85
MgCl₂	1.1067 a	1.1082 a	1.0867 a	1.0110 a	0.9522 a	0.8550 a	$y = - 0.0515 * * x + 1.2363$	0.89
NaCl	1.0877 a	0.7797 b	0.4960 c	0.3642 c	0.2827 c	0.2232 c	$y = - 0.1699 * * x + 1.2524$	0.90

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: ruanairis@gmail.com