Morphophysiological performance of cowpea fertigated with sanitary sewage at different depths¹

Desempenho morfofisiológico do feijão-caupi fertirrigado com esgoto sanitário em diferentes profundidades

ABSTRACT

The application of sanitary sewage using subsurface drip irrigation contributes to mitigating the current problems of water availability and food production. The aim in this study was to evaluate cowpea receiving sanitary sewage through drippers operating at different flow rates and depths. The drippers operated at flow rates of 1.6 and 3.8 L h^-1 and were installed at depths of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm. Cowpea was grown in 65 L pots filled with sandy clay soil in a greenhouse. Synthetic sanitary sewage was used and the amount applied to the pots was based on the limiting element, which in this case was nitrogen, for growing cowpea. Irrigation was managed using TDR probes. Germination and the physiological responses and morphology of cowpea roots were assessed. Capillary rise, when water was applied in subsurface, was not sufficient to evenly moisten the soil surface. The germination variables decreased as a result of the increase in drip installation depths. The distribution of water as the depth of the emitters increased was responsible for the damage to the physiological and morphological responses of cowpea roots. The flow rates of the drippers did not affect the germination of cowpea. Using the subsurface drip irrigation system was not appropriate for growing cowpea under the conditions of this study.

Key words:
Vigna unguiculata; capillary rise; localized irrigation; germination

HIGHLIGHTS:

Surface soil compaction affects the establishment of cowpea irrigated by subsurface drip systems compared to surface irrigation.

Increasing the installation depth of the subsurface dripper affects cowpea root growth.

Water distribution is compromised by the effect of back pressure.