Soil chemical properties and maize yield under application of pig slurry biofertilizer

Bócoli, Marcelo E.; Mantovani, José R.; Miranda, José M.; Marques, Douglas J.; Silva, Adriano B. da

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n1p42-48

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SOIL, WATER AND PLANT MANAGEMENT • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 20 (1) • Jan 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n1p42-48 copy

Soil chemical properties and maize yield under application of pig slurry biofertilizer

Atributos químicos do solo e produtividade de milho com aplicação de biofertilizante de dejetos suínos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Organic materials subjected to a process of anaerobic digestion in a digester produce biofertilizer that can be used in agriculture as nutrient source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pig slurry biofertilizer on soil chemical properties and on corn yield and nutrient concentrations in leaves and kernels. The experiment was conducted in the field from November 2012 to April 2013, and was arranged in a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of doses of pig slurry biofertilizer (0; 40; 80; 120; 160; 200 and 240 m³ ha^-1), applied to the soil surface in a single application, at stage V₂ of corn plants. Thirty-three days after biofertilization, soil samples were collected in each plot. Corn was harvested 129 days after sowing. Doses up to 240 m³ ha^-1 of pig slurry biofertilizer applied to soil with good fertility did not influence soil chemical properties and corn yield. The use of pig slurry biofertilizer had no detectable effect on nutrient concentrations in corn leaves and kernels.

Key words:
organic fertilization; manure; waste; effluent

Layer m	P-Mehlich mg dm^-3	OM g dm^-3	pH CaCl2	K	Ca	Mg	H + Al	CEC	V %
Layer m	P-Mehlich mg dm^-3	OM g dm^-3	pH CaCl2	mmol_c dm^-3					V %
0.0-0.2	39	26	5.5	4.3	36	13	20	73	73
0.2-0.4	11	13	5.4	2.8	27	9	19	58	67

Parameters	Concentration
Water content (%)	97.9
pH	8.1
C-org. (g kg^-1)	106.8
N (g kg^-1)	19.6
C/N Ratio	5.5
P (g kg^-1)	23.6
K (g kg^-1)	159.1
Ca (g kg^-1)	27.7
Mg (g kg^-1)	12.2
S (g kg^-1)	11.4
B (mg kg^-1)	235
Cu (mg kg^-1)	30
Fe (mg kg^-1)	303
Mn (mg kg^-1)	110
Zn (mg kg^-1)	177

Variables	Layer (m)	Biofertilizer rates (m³ ha^-1)							Mean	F	CV (%)
Variables	Layer (m)	0	40	80	120	160	200	240	Mean	F	CV (%)
pH CaCl2	0-0.10	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.9	1.71^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	2.35
	0.10-0.20	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.9	1.67^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	2.97
	0.20-0.40	4.9	5.0	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.9	1.70^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	2.73
OM g dm^-3	0-0.10	27	27	27	27	28	28	29	28	0.71^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	8.09
	0.10-0.20	24	24	23	25	23	24	23	24	1.57^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	5.27
	0.20-0.40	16	16	16	16	18	18	16	17	0.38^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	14.90
P mg dm^-3	0-0.10	14	12	13	15	14	14	17	14	2.25^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	7.46
	0.10-0.20	8	7	8	10	8	8	9	8	1.13^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	11.28
	0.20-0.40	3	3	3	3	4	5	3	3	0.74^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	11.07
K mmol_c dm^-3	0-0.10	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.8	0.16^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	14.88
	0.10-0.20	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.1	1.9	1.4	1.6	1.05^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	12.99
	0.20-0.40	1.5	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.2	0.9	1.2	1.98^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	19.37

Variables	Layer (m)	Biofertilizer rates (m³ ha^-1)							Mean	F	CV (%)
Variables	Layer (m)	0	40	80	120	160	200	240	Mean	F	CV (%)
Ca mmol_c dm^-3	0-0.10	28	27	29	26	29	27	26	27	0.91^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	8.33
	0.10-0.20	24	24	23	26	23	24	21	24	1.30^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	11.19
	0.20-0.40	19	20	19	20	21	21	20	20	1.71^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	7.60
Mg mmol_c dm^-3	0-0.10	13	12	13	11	12	11	11	12	0.93^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	13.82
	0.10-0.20	10	10	10	11	9	10	8	10	1.88^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	12.45
	0.20-0.40	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	0.96^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	10.44
Cu mg dm^-3	0-0.10	1.9	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	1.49^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	8.41
	0.10-0.20	1.9	2.2	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.0	1.13^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	10.46
	0.20-0.40	1.9	2.1	2.3	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.1	1.43^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	12.24
Zn mg dm^-3	0-0.10	4.0	3.9	4.5	4.1	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.4	1.61^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	14.48
	0.10-0.20	2.9	2.5	2.4	3.1	2.4	3.1	2.7	2.7	0.68^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	14.11
	0.20-0.40	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.8	1.3	1.2	1.81^NS NS Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	12.19

Variables	Biofertilizer rates (m³ ha^-1)							Mean	F	CV (%)
Variables	0	40	80	120	160	200	240	Mean	F	CV (%)
N (g kg^-1)	32.7	34.4	33.8	34.2	34.2	34.9	33.9	34.0	0.76 ^NS NS - Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	4.49
P (g kg^-1)	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.61 ^NS NS - Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	3.78
K (g kg^-1)	26.1	23.5	24.6	24.9	26.4	25.9	26.6	25.4	1.16 ^NS NS - Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	8.14
Ca (g kg^-1)	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.1	4.29 ^NS NS - Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	4.43
Mg (g kg^-1)	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.1	1.9	1.8	1.9	2.0	0.77 ^NS NS - Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	13.91
Cu (mg kg^-1)	11.0	11.5	11.4	11.6	11.6	12.2	12.2	11.6	3.85 ^NS NS - Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	3.75
Zn (mg kg^-1)	25.8	24.5	24.0	25.7	25.2	23.9	23.8	24.7	1.12 ^NS NS - Not significant by F test (p > 0.05); CV - Coefficient of variation	6.69

Variables	Biofertilizer rates (m³ ha^-1)							Mean	F	CV (%)
Variables	0	40	80	120	160	200	240	Mean	F	CV (%)
Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	9.528	9.593	9.650	9.406	9.388	10.302	9.727	9.656	0.44 NS	9.69
Ear lenght (cm)	14.8	15.9	15.3	15.3	15.5	15.6	15.6	15.4	0.60 NS	6.13
Ear diameter (cm)	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.3	3.27 NS	1.19
N◦ of kernels per ear	542	561	542	561	549	562	558	554	0.85 NS	3.51
1.000 grain weight (g)	313	316	316	313	310	305	311	312	0.69 NS	3.06

Variables	Biofertilizer rates (m³ ha^-1)							Mean	F	CV (%)
Variables	0	40	80	120	160	200	240	Mean	F	CV (%)
N (g kg^-1)	12.8	13.3	12.8	13.8	13.8	13.6	14.1	13.5	2.22 NS	4.97
P (g kg^-1)	2.8	2.7	2.2	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.6	0.56 NS	9.45
K (g kg^-1)	4.2	4.0	3.3	3.9	3.5	3.8	4.1	3.8	0.53 NS	11.38
Ca (g kg^-1)	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.71 NS	15.25
Mg (g kg^-1)	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.3	0.54 NS	10.62
Cu (mg kg^-1)	1.9	1.8	1.6	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	1.9	0.50 NS	10.55
Zn (mg kg^-1)	26.2	24.6	23.1	26.3	26.0	25.0	25.8	25.3	0.27 NS	8.76

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[1] mantovanijr@yahoo.com (Corresponding author)