Developing an automatic collector of runoff for studies using rainfall simulators¹

Desenvolvimento de um coletor automático de escoamento para estudos com simuladores de chuva

HIGHLIGHTS:

Obtaining surface runoff and soil loss data by using rainfall simulators is laborious, time-consuming and resource-intensive.

A new collector equipped with pressure sensor and turbidimeter is proposed for automatic measurement of runoff and soil loss.

The low-cost collector proposed contributes significantly to future rainfall simulator studies.

ABSTRACT

Soil erosion studies using rainfall simulators are generally expensive and time consuming. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a prototype of an automatic runoff collector, capable of real-time quantifying runoff volume and soil loss in field trials using a rainfall simulator. The used sensors were chosen based on the type A uncertainty computed from different volumes of water and concentrations of sediment. Through specific programming, the runoff volume, sediment concentrations and the time of occurrence of the collections corresponding to each 200 cm³ of runoff were recorded on a micro-SD card. The robustness of the calibration and the programming developed were also evaluated in the Arduino Mega® 2560 microcontroller. The pressure (PSI.420) and turbidity (ST100) sensors were selected for developing the prototype, which was evaluated in the field with the InfiAsper rainfall simulator. Then, the data collected automatically by the sensors were compared to those obtained by manual measurement. The automatic runoff collector equipped with the PSI.420 and ST100 sensors has potential to obtain and store runoff data, and it was effective in evaluating the erosion process, generating mean errors of 12.25 and 13.16% for runoff volume and soil loss, respectively. The proposed prototype has a low cost of manufacture, in addition to optimizing the collection of erosion data in studies with rainfall simulators.

Key words:
water erosion; runoff volume measurement; soil loss; microcontroller; Arduino