Swine farm wastewater and mineral fertilization in corn cultivation

Pereira, Pâmela A. M.; Sampaio, Silvio C.; Reis, Ralpho R. dos; Rosa, Danielle M.; Correa, Marcus M.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n1p49-54

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

SOIL, WATER AND PLANT MANAGEMENT • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 20 (1) • Jan 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n1p49-54 copy

Swine farm wastewater and mineral fertilization in corn cultivation

Água residuária de suinocultura e adubação mineral no cultivo do milho

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

In the long run, swine wastewater can provide benefits to the soil-plant relationship, when its use is planned and the potential environmental impacts are monitored. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous application of swine wastewater, associated with mineral fertilization, after six years of management in no-tillage and crop rotation (14 production cycles), on the chemical conditions of the soil and the corn crop. The doses of wastewater were 0, 100, 200, 300 m³ ha^-1 during the cycle. The effects of the association between mineral fertilization at sowing and swine wastewater were evaluated simultaneously. Swine wastewater at the dose of 100 m³ ha^-1 promoted availability and absorption of P, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ without causing toxicity to plants or damage to the soil, constituting a viable, low-cost alternative of water reuse and fertilization for farmers. The nutrients N, P, K⁺ and B must be complemented with mineral fertilization. Special attention should be directed to the accumulation of Zn²⁺ in the soil along the time of swine wastewater application.

Key words:
fertigation; water reuse; swine waste

Parameters		Parameters
pH	7.60	Mn2+ (mg L^-1)	1.9
N (mg L^-1)	105	B (mg L^-1)	0.64
N_org (mg L^-1)	7	S (mg L^-1)	9.17
N_inorg (mg L^-1)	98	EC (μ S m-1)	3650
NH₄⁺ (mg L^-1)	84	COD (mg L^-1)	2160
NO₃- + NO₂- (mg L^-1)	14	COD Filt (mg L^-1)	1440
TOC (mg L^-1)	530	Turbidity (NTU)	400
P (mg L^-1)	34.22	TS (mg L^-1)	3500
K⁺ (mg L^-1)	171.6	FS (mg L^-1)	1400
Na⁺ (mg L ^-1)	68	VS (mg L^-1)	2100
Ca²⁺ (mg L ^-1)	99	TDS (mg L^-1)	990
Mg²⁺ (mg L ^-1)	64.2	FDS (mg L^-1)	360
Cu²⁺ (mg L^-1)	0.50	VDS (mg L^-1)	630
Zn²⁺ (mg L^-1)	6.32	SAR	1.30
Fe²⁺ (mg L^-1)	9.2

SFW doses (m³ ha^-1)	Mineral fertilization			Organic fertilization
SFW doses (m³ ha^-1)	N	P	K⁺	N^# # N Available;	P	K⁺	Cu²⁺	Zn²⁺
Nutrients applied in corn cultivation - kg ha^-1 (14° production cycle)
0 A	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0 P	120	80	90	0	0	0	0	0
100 A	0	0	0	9.80	3.42	17.16	0.05	0.63
100 P	120	80	90	9.80	3.42	17.16	0.05	0.63
200 A	0	0	0	19.60	6.84	34.32	0.10	1.26
200 P	120	80	90	19.60	6.84	34.32	0.10	1.26
300 A	0	0	0	29.40	10.26	51.48	0.15	1.90
300 P	120	80	90	29.40	10.26	51.48	0.15	1.90
Nutrients applied - kg ha^-1 (1° to 13° production cycles)^* * Sum; N - Nitrogen; P - Phosphorus; K+ - Potassium; Cu2+ - Copper; Zn2+ - Zinc; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control
0 A	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0 P	528	560	505	0	0	0	0	0
100 A	0	0	0	655	141	401	76	24
100 P	528	560	505	655	141	401	76	24
200 A	0	0	0	1322	281	800	152	49
200 P	528	560	505	1322	281	800	152	49
300 A	0	0	0	1992	421	1171	227	73
300 P	528	560	505	1992	421	1171	227	73

SFW and MF	N	Fe²⁺	Mn²⁺	Zn²⁺	Na⁺	NH₄⁺	NO₃^-+NO₂^-	N_org	OM	pH	EC	CEC	V
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; 0	1400 a	24.83 a	47.33 a	2.68 b	1.05 a	19.88 a	25.67 a	1355 a	24.00 a	7.59 a	0.048 a	118.83 a	100.0 a
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; 100	1353 a	24.00 a	55.67 a	4.85 ab	1.13 a	16.97 a	29.17 a	1307 a	28.00 a	7.44 a	0.046 a	112.50 a	93.00 a
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; 200	1388 a	24.00 a	54.33 a	7.62 ab	1.38 a	17.55 a	29.47 a	1341 a	27.33 a	7.23 a	0.047 a	116.00 a	92.33 a
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; 300	1447 a	26.83 a	56.50 a	10.20 a	1.41 a	16.38 a	30.33 a	1400 a	28.50 a	6.73 a	0.055 a	117.00 a	81.17 a
A	1394 A	24.42 A	56.00 A	5.97 A	1.16 A	17.55 A	29.61 A	1347 A	28.58 A	7.41 A	0.044 A	114.67 A	92.92 A
P	1400 A	25.42 A	50.92 A	6.71 A	1.32 A	17.84 A	27.71 A	1355 A	25.33 A	7.08 A	0.055 A	117.50 A	90.33 A
^¶ ¶ F value; SFW	0.25	0.40	1.41	6.13^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	3.56	0.88	1.45	0.35	2.29	1.57	0.48	0.09	1.38
^¶ ¶ F value; MF	0.01	0.22	1.85	0.50	2.70	0.00	1.19	0.01	5.87	1.29	3.10	0.12	0.17
^¶ ¶ F value; SFWxMF	0.59	1.09	0.48	0.61	0.57	1.53	2.38	0.56	0.70	0.05	2.09	1.25	0.48
SD	169.6	4.87	9.43	4.15	0.27	4.13	4.81	167.9	3.81	0.72	16.47	18.19	15.72
SFW and MF	m	SB	Al³⁺	H⁺+Al³⁺	ESP	SFW x MF		N_inorg	P	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cu²⁺
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; 0	0.00 a	118.83 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.94 a	^# # Means followed by the same lowercase letters in the row do not differ for the follow-up analysis of SFW inside MF and means followed by the same uppercase letters in the column do not differ for the follow-up analysis of MF inside SFW; SD - Standard deviation; Transformed data (√(x+1)): Mn2+, Zn2+, NH4+, NO3 - + NO2 -, pH, EC, CEC, V, m, Al3+, H+ + Al3+, Ninorg, Ca2+, Cu2+ and P; ESP - Exchangeable sodium percentage; V, m and ESP expressed in percentage (%); EC expressed in dS m-1; Al3+, H++Al3+, SB, CEC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ expressed in mmolc dm-3; total N, NH4 +, NO3 - + NO2 -, organic N, inorganic N, P, S, Cu2+, Mn, B, Fe2+ and Zn2+ expressed in mg dm-3; OM expressed in g dm-3; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control 0 A		43.80 a A	2.57 a A	1.13 b B	69.67 a A	43.67 a A	7.17 a A
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; 100	0.90 a	104.83 a	0.35 a	7.50 a	0.95 a	^# # Means followed by the same lowercase letters in the row do not differ for the follow-up analysis of SFW inside MF and means followed by the same uppercase letters in the column do not differ for the follow-up analysis of MF inside SFW; SD - Standard deviation; Transformed data (√(x+1)): Mn2+, Zn2+, NH4+, NO3 - + NO2 -, pH, EC, CEC, V, m, Al3+, H+ + Al3+, Ninorg, Ca2+, Cu2+ and P; ESP - Exchangeable sodium percentage; V, m and ESP expressed in percentage (%); EC expressed in dS m-1; Al3+, H++Al3+, SB, CEC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ expressed in mmolc dm-3; total N, NH4 +, NO3 - + NO2 -, organic N, inorganic N, P, S, Cu2+, Mn, B, Fe2+ and Zn2+ expressed in mg dm-3; OM expressed in g dm-3; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control 0 P		47.30 a A	5.90 b A	2.87 d A	62.00 a A	43.33 a A	3.07 b B
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; 200	0.15 a	106.50 a	0.07 a	9.50 a	1.07 a	^# # Means followed by the same lowercase letters in the row do not differ for the follow-up analysis of SFW inside MF and means followed by the same uppercase letters in the column do not differ for the follow-up analysis of MF inside SFW; SD - Standard deviation; Transformed data (√(x+1)): Mn2+, Zn2+, NH4+, NO3 - + NO2 -, pH, EC, CEC, V, m, Al3+, H+ + Al3+, Ninorg, Ca2+, Cu2+ and P; ESP - Exchangeable sodium percentage; V, m and ESP expressed in percentage (%); EC expressed in dS m-1; Al3+, H++Al3+, SB, CEC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ expressed in mmolc dm-3; total N, NH4 +, NO3 - + NO2 -, organic N, inorganic N, P, S, Cu2+, Mn, B, Fe2+ and Zn2+ expressed in mg dm-3; OM expressed in g dm-3; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control 100 A		47.30 a A	3.17 a B	1.67 b B	64.33 a A	46.67 a A	7.40 a A
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; 300	2.95 a	93.83 a	1.32 a	23.0 a	1.33 a	^# # Means followed by the same lowercase letters in the row do not differ for the follow-up analysis of SFW inside MF and means followed by the same uppercase letters in the column do not differ for the follow-up analysis of MF inside SFW; SD - Standard deviation; Transformed data (√(x+1)): Mn2+, Zn2+, NH4+, NO3 - + NO2 -, pH, EC, CEC, V, m, Al3+, H+ + Al3+, Ninorg, Ca2+, Cu2+ and P; ESP - Exchangeable sodium percentage; V, m and ESP expressed in percentage (%); EC expressed in dS m-1; Al3+, H++Al3+, SB, CEC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ expressed in mmolc dm-3; total N, NH4 +, NO3 - + NO2 -, organic N, inorganic N, P, S, Cu2+, Mn, B, Fe2+ and Zn2+ expressed in mg dm-3; OM expressed in g dm-3; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control 100 P		44.97 a A	17.67 a A	6.17 c A	63.67 a A	43.67 a A	3.07 b B
A	0.10 A	106.58 A	0.03 A	8.00 A	1.06 A	^# # Means followed by the same lowercase letters in the row do not differ for the follow-up analysis of SFW inside MF and means followed by the same uppercase letters in the column do not differ for the follow-up analysis of MF inside SFW; SD - Standard deviation; Transformed data (√(x+1)): Mn2+, Zn2+, NH4+, NO3 - + NO2 -, pH, EC, CEC, V, m, Al3+, H+ + Al3+, Ninorg, Ca2+, Cu2+ and P; ESP - Exchangeable sodium percentage; V, m and ESP expressed in percentage (%); EC expressed in dS m-1; Al3+, H++Al3+, SB, CEC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ expressed in mmolc dm-3; total N, NH4 +, NO3 - + NO2 -, organic N, inorganic N, P, S, Cu2+, Mn, B, Fe2+ and Zn2+ expressed in mg dm-3; OM expressed in g dm-3; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control 200 A		53.70 a A	4.37 a A	2.60 b B	75.00 a A	45.33 a A	3.37 b A
P	1.90 A	105.42 A	0.83 A	12.0 A	1.09 A	^# # Means followed by the same lowercase letters in the row do not differ for the follow-up analysis of SFW inside MF and means followed by the same uppercase letters in the column do not differ for the follow-up analysis of MF inside SFW; SD - Standard deviation; Transformed data (√(x+1)): Mn2+, Zn2+, NH4+, NO3 - + NO2 -, pH, EC, CEC, V, m, Al3+, H+ + Al3+, Ninorg, Ca2+, Cu2+ and P; ESP - Exchangeable sodium percentage; V, m and ESP expressed in percentage (%); EC expressed in dS m-1; Al3+, H++Al3+, SB, CEC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ expressed in mmolc dm-3; total N, NH4 +, NO3 - + NO2 -, organic N, inorganic N, P, S, Cu2+, Mn, B, Fe2+ and Zn2+ expressed in mg dm-3; OM expressed in g dm-3; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control 200 P		40.30 a B	6.57 b A	10.37 a A	51.33 a B	38.67 a A	3.37 ab A
-	-	-	-	-	-	^# # Means followed by the same lowercase letters in the row do not differ for the follow-up analysis of SFW inside MF and means followed by the same uppercase letters in the column do not differ for the follow-up analysis of MF inside SFW; SD - Standard deviation; Transformed data (√(x+1)): Mn2+, Zn2+, NH4+, NO3 - + NO2 -, pH, EC, CEC, V, m, Al3+, H+ + Al3+, Ninorg, Ca2+, Cu2+ and P; ESP - Exchangeable sodium percentage; V, m and ESP expressed in percentage (%); EC expressed in dS m-1; Al3+, H++Al3+, SB, CEC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ expressed in mmolc dm-3; total N, NH4 +, NO3 - + NO2 -, organic N, inorganic N, P, S, Cu2+, Mn, B, Fe2+ and Zn2+ expressed in mg dm-3; OM expressed in g dm-3; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control 300 A		43.80 a A	7.17 a B	6.20 a B	39.00 b B	27.67 b B	3.43 b A
-	-	-	-	-	-	^# # Means followed by the same lowercase letters in the row do not differ for the follow-up analysis of SFW inside MF and means followed by the same uppercase letters in the column do not differ for the follow-up analysis of MF inside SFW; SD - Standard deviation; Transformed data (√(x+1)): Mn2+, Zn2+, NH4+, NO3 - + NO2 -, pH, EC, CEC, V, m, Al3+, H+ + Al3+, Ninorg, Ca2+, Cu2+ and P; ESP - Exchangeable sodium percentage; V, m and ESP expressed in percentage (%); EC expressed in dS m-1; Al3+, H++Al3+, SB, CEC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ expressed in mmolc dm-3; total N, NH4 +, NO3 - + NO2 -, organic N, inorganic N, P, S, Cu2+, Mn, B, Fe2+ and Zn2+ expressed in mg dm-3; OM expressed in g dm-3; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control 300 P		49.63 a A	22.40 a A	8.43 b A	61.00 a A	39.00 a A	3.77 a A
^¶ ¶ F value; SFW	0.85	1.19	0.84	1.38	2.41	SFW		0.07	9.65^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	59.69^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	10.20^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	8.93^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	50.86^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;
^¶ ¶ F value; MF	1.65	0.02	1.66	0.09	0.06	MF		0.56	33.33^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	166.43^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	0.46	0.04	233.13^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;
^¶ ¶ F value; SFWxMF	0.46	1.44	0.56	0.36	1.12	^¶ ¶ F value; SFWxMF		4.32^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	3.96^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	19.10^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	16.86^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	4.86^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;	93.56^* * Significant at 0.05 by Tukey test;
SD	3.48	23.21	1.57	19.04	0.31	SD		5.86	7.73	3.24	11.55	6.89	1.77

SFW and MF	N	P	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	S	Cu²⁺	Fe²⁺	Mn²⁺	Zn²⁺	B
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; Transformed data (√(x+1)): K+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Cu2+; Macronutrients expressed in g kg-1 and micronutrients in mg kg-1; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control; 0	22.02 a	1.74 b	10.48 b	6.97 a	6.75 a	1.57 a	17.26 a	249 a	51.42 a	17.58 c	10.55 a
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; Transformed data (√(x+1)): K+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Cu2+; Macronutrients expressed in g kg-1 and micronutrients in mg kg-1; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control; 100	22.58 a	2.06 ab	18.06 a	5.43 a	4.78 ab	1.57 a	27.48 a	247 a	46.92 a	28.50 bc	7.39 b
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; Transformed data (√(x+1)): K+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Cu2+; Macronutrients expressed in g kg-1 and micronutrients in mg kg-1; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control; 200	22.96 a	2.23 ab	19.61 a	6.07 a	4.58 ab	1.78 a	38.94 a	309 a	48.67 a	35.67 b	10.64 a
^§ § Means followed by the same letters in the column do not differ statistically; Transformed data (√(x+1)): K+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Cu2+; Macronutrients expressed in g kg-1 and micronutrients in mg kg-1; A - Environmental control; P - Agronomic control; 300	27.10 a	2.56 a	19.55 a	6.01 a	4.02 b	1.82 a	22.08 a	351 a	62.25 a	49.42 a	10.65 a
A	21.83 B	1.87 B	14.57 B	6.27 A	5.68 A	1.57 A	27.52 A	313 A	44.58 B	35.42 A	9.99 A
P	25.50 A	2.41 A	19.28 A	5.97 A	4.38 A	1.80 A	25.36 A	265 A	60.08 A	30.17 A	9.62 A
^¶ ¶ F value. SFW	1.89	7.24*	12.74*	2.20	3.25*	1.01	1.80	2.87	1.64	23.40*	5.76*
^¶ ¶ F value. MF	4.73*	17.94*	14.21*	0.50	3.27	3.13	0.58	2.50	8.39*	3.62	0.31
^¶ ¶ F value. MFxSFW	0.99	1.52	1.56	0.32	0.43	0.64	2.43	0.36	1.55	0.39	2.31
SD	4.67	0.51	5.26	1.07	1.87	0.33	19.60	80.30	15.97	13.44	2.19

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] silvio.sampaio@unioeste.br (Corresponding author)