Morphophysiological aspects of ornamental sunflowers cultivated in different growing seasons under semi-arid conditions

Silva, Sheila D. P. da; Souza, Gracielle P. de; Chaves, Agnaldo R. de M.; Silva, Marcelle A. da; Souza, Rafaela R. de; Beckmann-Cavalcante, Márkilla Z.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n4p299-305

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 26 (4) • Apr 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n4p299-305 copy

Morphophysiological aspects of ornamental sunflowers cultivated in different growing seasons under semi-arid conditions¹ 1 Research developed at Petrolina, PE, Brazil

Aspectos morfofisiológicos de girassol ornamental cultivado em diferentes épocas de cultivo sob condições semiáridas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

The morphophysiological traits of ornamental sunflowers grown under semi-arid conditions are affected by the growing season.

All cultivars evaluated showed higher leaf surface areas when grown in seasonally moderate climatic conditions, except ‘Sol Noturno’.

The cultivation of ornamental sunflowers in semi-arid regions is recommended in the growing season in a moderate climate.

ABSTRACT

Knowledge of how climatic conditions affect plant morphophysiology is essential for understanding how to manage the growth cycles of different crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the growing seasons in a semi-arid area on the morphophysiological variables of ornamental sunflower plants. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with four replicates. Six cultivars (‘Bonito de Outono Sortido’, ‘Sol Noturno’, ‘Sol Vermelho’, ‘Jardim Amarelo Alto’, ‘Girassol F1 Sunbright Supreme’ and ‘Girassol F1 Vincents Choice’) were evaluated in the main plots and two different growing seasons (GS) in the subplots (GS1 - warm climate and GS2 - mild climate). Evaluations of gas exchange, chlorophyll indices, and leaf surface area were carried out at the reproductive stage (R5.5). The cultivation of ornamental sunflowers in semi-arid regions was significantly affected by the growing season. Changes in gas exchange variables and the morphophysiology of ornamental sunflower plants in the two growing seasons reflected the high phenotypic plasticity characteristic of this species. The cultivation of ornamental sunflowers under semi-arid conditions in the growing season, when air temperature and solar radiation are high, could be limited due to elevated transpiration rates. Therefore, it is recommended that they are grown mainly during the moderate climatic season in semi-arid regions.

Key words:
Helianthus annuus L.; cutting flower; photosynthesis; seasonal changes

Growing season	pH 1:2.5 H₂O	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	SB	H+Al	T	Al³⁺	V (%)	P (mg dm^-3)	O.M. (g dag^-1)
Growing season	pH 1:2.5 H₂O	(cmol_c dm^-3)								V (%)	P (mg dm^-3)	O.M. (g dag^-1)
GS1	5.90	2.20	1.40	0.16	0.74	4.50	1.82	6.31	0.0	71.0	94.60	1.61
GS2	5.80	1.80	1.00	0.03	0.38	3.21	1.98	5.19	0.00	62.0	55.55	2.00

Source of variation	A	g_s	E	T_l	VPD	C_i/C_a
Blocks	0.66^ns	0.72^ns	1.39^ns	9.35**	10.08**	0.34^ns
Cultivars (C)	1.00^ns	1.91^ns	2.10^ns	3.99*	3.76*	2.71^ns
Growing seasons (GS)	2.87^ns	66.22**	354.76**	46.94**	207.53**	75.94**
GS1	40.58 a	0.73 b	13.68 a	31.13 a	1.38 a	0.70 b
GS2	38.12 a	1.15 a	8.19 b	29.93 b	0.77 b	0.80 a
C x GS	1.33^ns	1.56^ns	2.27^ns	2.54^ns	0.70^ns	1.06^ns
CV1 (%)	13.89	13.71	9.19	1.59	5.98	4.10
CV2 (%)	12.75	19.06	9.24	1.96	13.69	5.16

Source of variation	A/E	A/g_s	LA	Chl a	Chl b	Chl total
Blocks	3.93*	0.42^ns	0.42^ns	2.49^ns	0.71^ns	1.28^ns
Cultivars (C)	1.86^ns	2.52^ns	2.52^ns	16.43**	5.01**	10.72**
Growing seasons (GS)	386.12**	98.61**	61.95**	0.07^ns	0.65^ns	0.02^ns
GS1	2.96 b	57.69 a	2266.06 b	28.12	6.26	34.38 a
GS2	4.65 a	34.26 b	3113.68 a	28.24	6.11	34.35 a
C x GS	1.30^ns	1.30^ns	5.23**	0.83^ns	2.10^ns	1.20^ns
CV1 (%)	10.48	14.38	18.3	3.07	11.15	4.44
CV2 (%) (GS)	8.04	17.77	13.87	5.33	10.19	6.04

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: markilla.beckmann@univasf.edu.br

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Morphophysiological aspects of ornamental sunflowers cultivated in different growing seasons under semi-arid conditions1 1 Research developed at Petrolina, PE, Brazil

Aspectos morfofisiológicos de girassol ornamental cultivado em diferentes épocas de cultivo sob condições semiáridas

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Morphophysiological aspects of ornamental sunflowers cultivated in different growing seasons under semi-arid conditions¹ 1 Research developed at Petrolina, PE, Brazil