Sorghum yield after liming and combinations of phosphorus sources

Silveira, Thiago C.; Pegoraro, Rodinei F.; Kondo, Marcos K.; Portugal, Arley F.; Resende, Álvaro V.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n4p243-248

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ARTICLES • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 22 (4) • Apr 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n4p243-248 copy

Sorghum yield after liming and combinations of phosphorus sources

Produção de sorgo cultivado após aplicação de calcário e combinação de diferentes fontes de fósforo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Phosphate fertilization has increased sorghum yield, but few studies are available on sorghum production and efficient fertilizer management related to liming and phosphorus (P) sources. This work evaluates production, dry matter partitioning and agronomic efficiency (AEI) in successive sorghum cycles after application of limestone and combinations of phosphorus sources. Two cycles were conducted in sequence in the same experimental field, in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, corresponding to soil with or without liming and six combinations of P₂O₅ sources: control (0 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅), 100% Itafós natural phosphate (NP), 75% NP + 25% single superphosphate (SS), 50% NP + 50% SS, 25% NP + 75% SS and 100% SS. Pots with capacity for 8 dm³ were used in a randomized block design with four replicates. The first cycle, conducted in the summer/autumn season, reached the highest dry matter production and P accumulation in treatments with higher SS proportions, leading to higher AEI. Subsequently, in the second cycle, conducted considering only the residual phosphate fertilization of the first cycle, highest dry matter production and AEI were obtained in the treatment with 100% or higher proportions of natural phosphate in the presence of liming, most likely due to the gradual release of P.

Key words:
residual fertilization; phosphorus content; agronomic efficiency index

Limestone	thM	LDM	SDM
Limestone	g plant^-1
First cycle
With limestone	43.34 b	5.82 b	24.46 b
Without limestone	53.82 a	6.89 a	33.92 a
Mean	48.61	6.35	28.18
CV (%)	29.10	15.56	31.60
Second cycle (residual effect of P)
With limestone	16.36 b	2.01 a	10.11 b
Without limestone	17.66 a	1.21 b	11.02 a
Mean	17.01	2.11	10.57
CV (%)	11.16	8.30	13.83

Treatments	thM	LDM	thM	LDM	SDM
	First cycle		Second cycle (residual effect of P)
	g plant^-1
Control	35.88 c	5.81 b	13.25 c	1.77 b	08.71 b
100% NP	37.94 bc	5.99 ab	20.05 a	2.31 a	11.98 a
75% NP + 25% SS	47.13 abc	5.51 b	18.52 ab	2.24 a	11.34 a
50% NP + 50% SS	49.64 abc	7.32 a	16.90 b	2.12 a	10.61 ab
25% NP + 75% SS	59.00 ab	6.67 ab	16.70 b	2.16 a	10.55 ab
100% SS	62.09 a	6.85 ab	16.65 b	2.06 a	10.22 ab
Mean	48.61	06.36	17.01	2.11	13.83
CV (%)	29.10	15.56	11.16	8.30	10.57

Treatments	RDM		GDM		R/S
	AL	PL	AL	PL	AL	PL
	g plant^-1
	First cycle
Control	04.92 d A	05.26 cd A	3.18 c A	0.80 c B	0.06 b B	0.13 b A
100%NP	6.62 cd A	3.01 d B	5.46 ab A	1.48 c B	0.08 b A	0.07 b A
75%NP+25%SS	04.99 d A	05.80 cd A	2.82 c B	5.83 ab A	0.07 b A	0.07 b A
50%NP+50%SS	8.79 bc A	7.57 bc A	3.74 bc A	4.82 ab A	0.09 ab A	0.10 b A
25%NP+75%SS	16.19 a A	09.50 b B	3.88 bc B	6.44 a A	0.17 a A	0.12 b A
100%SS	9.58 b B	22.50 a A	6.05 a A	4.23 b B	0.09 ab B	0.30 a A
Mean	08.51	08.94	04.19	03.94	00.09	00.13
CV (%)	15.64	15.64	24.73	24.73	34.00	34.00
	Second cycle (residual effect of P)
Control	2.06 b A	1.28 c A	0.94 c B	1.23 c A	0.17 a A	0.11 c B
100 % NP	3.38 a A	3.72 a A	2.32 a A	2.07 a B	0.19 a B	0.24 a A
75%NP+25%SS	2.70 ab A	3.15 ab A	2.14 a A	1.86 a B	0.16 a A	0.21 ab A
50%NP+50%SS	2.30 ab A	2.80 ab A	1.60 b A	1.62 b A	0.16 a A	0.19 ab A
25%NP+75%SS	2.62 ab A	2.15 bc A	1.54 b A	1.62 b A	0.17 a A	0.15 bc A
100%SS	3.32 a A	2.23 bc B	1.57 b A	1.59 b A	0.22 a A	0.16 bc B
Mean	02.73	02.55	01.68	01.66	00.18	00.17
CV (%)	20.64	20.64	6.21	6.21	18.00	18.00

Treatments	Leaves		Stems		Roots
	AL	PL	AL	PL	AL	PL
	mg plant^-1
	First cycle
Control	7.21 ab A	4.73 b B	06.61 c A	07.16 b A	1.47 c A	1.87 c A
100% NP	5.57 b A	5.42 b A	08.51 bc A	06.51 b A	2.45 bc A	1.75 c A
75% NP + 25% SS	6.81 ab A	5.49 b A	06.52 c A	05.80 b A	1.81 bc B	3.13 c A
50% NP + 50% SS	7.22 ab A	6.85 ab A	11.74 ab A	06.91 b B	2.61 bc A	3.51 c A
25% NP + 75% SS	8.90 a A	7.04 ab A	18.64 a A	07.63 b B	6.41 a A	5.43 b A
100%SS	7.01 ab B	9.32 a A	14.59 ab B	17.99 a A	3.37 b B	8.61 a A
Mean	07.12	06.48	11.10	08.67	03.02	04.05
CV (%)	21.75	21.75	21.97	21.97	24.66	24.66
	Second cycle (residual effect of P)
Control	1.19 c A	1.18 c A	1.97 b B	3.26 d A	0.52 a A	0.45 c A
100% NP	1.92 a B	2.32 a A	4.45 a B	5.39 ab A	0.98 a B	1.52 a A
75% NP + 25% SS	1.79 a A	1.97 ab A	2.75 b B	4.71 bc A	0.85 a B	1.21 ab A
50% NP + 50% SS	1.67 ab A	1.65 b A	2.61 b B	4.13 bcd A	0.67 a A	0.89 bc A
25% NP + 75% SS	1.23 bc B	1.89 ab A	2.33 b B	6.46 a A	0.71 a A	0.80 bc A
100%SS	0.99 c B	1.70 b A	1.80 b B	3.36 cd A	1.01 a A	0.70 c A
Mean	01.46	01.78	02.65	04.55	00.79	00.92
CV (%)	13.07	13.07	17.87	17.87	26.97	26.97

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
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[1] rodinei_pegoraro@yahoo.com.br (Corresponding author)