Caracterização fisiológica de porta-enxertos de videira cultivados em solo com doses crescentes de zinco

Zalamena, Jovani; Melo, George W.; Santos, Henrique P.; Silva, Leandro S. da; Fialho, Flavio B.; Brunetto, Gustavo

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n10p973-980

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Manejo de Solo, Água e Planta • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 19 (10) • Out 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n10p973-980 copiar

Caracterização fisiológica de porta-enxertos de videira cultivados em solo com doses crescentes de zinco

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o crescimento de porta-enxertos (PEs) de videira cultivados em níveis crescentes de Zn no solo e identificar variáveis fisiológicas que possam ser indicadoras do excesso de Zn no solo. Os PEs SO4, Paulsen1103, IAC572, IAC313 e 420A foram cultivados em vasos contendo solo e submetidos à adição de 0, 20, 40, 80 e 160 mg kg^-1 de Zn. Avaliaram-se a matéria seca (MS), o teor de Zn na parte aérea e raízes, o índice de clorofila, a fluorescência mínima (F_o), a fluorescência máxima (F_m), o rendimento quântico máximo do fotossistema II (F_v/F_m), o rendimento quântico efetivo (Y-II) e a dissipação não fotoquímica (NPQ). O aumento da concentração de Zn no solo reduziu a MS em todos os PEs sendo que o IAC572 foi superior aos demais. A variação dos índices de clorofilas a e b foi pouco expressiva em relação aos níveis de Zn no solo mas permitiu identificar que o Paulsen 1103, 420A e SO4 são sensíveis à toxicidade de Zn e que o IAC572 e IAC313 não apresentaram sensibilidade nos níveis testados. Com a análise de fluorescência observou-se que o teor de Zn interfere negativamente sobre as variáveis F_o, F_m, Y-II e NPQ em todos os PEs, mostrando serem boas indicadoras para caracterizar a fitotoxidez do Zn.

Palavras-chave:
metal pesado; toxicidade; fluorescência da clorofila; Vitis spp.

Rootstocks	Zn doses applied (mg kg^-1)					Mean	Equation
Rootstocks	0	20	40	80	160	Mean	Equation
	Shoot Zn contents (mg kg^-1)
IAC572	19.8	29.1	30.4	40.3	47.9	33.5 a
IAC313	18.5	29.0	30.1	38.2	51.4	33.8 a
P1103	14.1	18.4	23.9	32.3	39.6	26.5 a
SO4	17.5	20.8	29.0	34.3	48.5	30.0 a
420A	16.2	20.4	23.2	32.1	43.6	27.1 a
Mean	17.2	23.5	27.3	35.5	46.2	CV= 11%	ŷ =18.0 + 0.23x – 0.00014x²(R²=0.95^** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
	Root Zn contents (mg kg^-1)
IAC572	37	129	297	397	634	299 a	ŷ = 39.2 + 5.85x – 0.013x²(R²=0.94^*** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
IAC313	34	69	163	263	474	205 bc	ŷ = 25.7 + 3.10x – 0.0018x²(R²=0.99^*** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
P1103	27	48	103	201	356	158 c	ŷ = 22.4 + 2.11x (R²=0.77^** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
SO4	29	75	130	288	275	159 c	ŷ = 6.8 + 4.56x – 0.018x²(R²=0.82^** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
420A	30	104	184	385	595	259 ab	ŷ = 15.5 + 5.08x – 0.009x²(R²=0.97^*** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
Mean	31	85	175	307	467	CV= 9%	ŷ = 23.2 + 4.21x – 0.0089x²(R²=0.99^*** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
	Shoot dry matter (g plant^-1)
IAC572	26.8	31.1	29.7	32.3	23.3	28.6 a	ns
IAC313	16.1	15.4	11.2	10.8	7.2	12.2 b	ŷ = 15.7 – 0.056x (R²=0.55^* , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
P1103	11.0	12.0	10.7	9.8	9.1	10.3 b	ns
SO4	11.4	15.3	13.2	11.1	8.8	11.9 b	ns
420A	13.4	13.2	15.5	10.4	11.0	12.7 b	ns
Mean	15.7	17.4	16.0	14.9	11.8	CV= 13%	ŷ = 16.7 + 0.003x – 0.0002x²(R²=0.58^* , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
	Root dry matter (g planta^-1)
IAC572	14.1	14.6	13.2	13.8	6.7	12.5 a	ŷ = 13.9 + 0.025x – 0.0004x²(R²=0.75^** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
IAC313	4.1	3.6	1.9	1.2	1.6	2.6 c	ŷ = 4.3 – 0.060x + 0.00027x²(R²=0.68^* , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
P1103	2.8	3.2	2.2	1.3	2.1	2.2 c	ns
SO4	4.3	9.2	6.2	4.4	2.6	5.3 b	ns
420A	4.9	5.4	5.5	2.9	2.6	4.3 bc	ŷ = 5.4 – 0.019x (R²=0.39^* , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
Mean	6.1	7.2	5.8	4.7	3.1	CV= 23%	ŷ = 6.9 – 0.0142x – 0.00006x²(R²=0.59^* , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )

Rootstocks	Zn doses applied (mg kg^-1)					Equation
Rootstocks	0	20	40	80	160	Equation
	ICa
IAC572	28.8 ab	31.8 a	29.7 a	27.3 ab	30.3 a	ns
IAC313	30.5 ab	27.6 a	28.8 a	28.6 ab	27.7 a	ns
P1103	27.1 b	24.3 a	25.6 a	23.5 b	21.6 b	ŷ =26.8 – 0.046x (R²=0.80^** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
SO4	30.4 ab	27.1 a	29.4 a	27.4 ab	22.9 b	ŷ =29.9 – 0.041x (R²=0.76^** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
420A	32.2 a	32.1 a	31.4 a	31.8 a	30.4 a	ŷ =32.2 – 0.011x (R²=0.63^** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
					CV= 7%
	ICb
IAC572	7.5 c	9.4 a	8.4 a	7.3 b	8.2 ab	ns
IAC313	8.3 bc	7.4 a	7.6 a	7.5 b	6.9 bc	ns
P1103	7.6 bc	6.5 a	6.7 a	6.0 b	5.6 c	ŷ =7.5 – 0.03x + 0.00009x²(R²=0.86^** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
SO4	9.2 ab	7.7 a	8.8 a	8.0 ab	6.2 c	ŷ =8.9 – 0.016x (R²=0.67^** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
420A	10.6 a	10.1 a	9.8 a	9.9 a	8.9 a	ŷ =10.4 – 0.009x (R²=0.81^*** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
					CV= 8%

Rootstocks	Zn doses applied (mg kg^-1)				Mean	Equation
Rootstocks	0	40	80	160	Mean	Equation
	F_o
IAC572	103	97	106	120	106 a	ns
IAC313	97	94	108	120	105 ab	ns
P1103	76	87	79	80	80 bc	ns
SO4	68	80	80	79	76 c	ns
420A	102	95	91	140	107 a	ns
Mean	89	90	93	108	CV= 18%	ŷ =86 + 0.121x (R²=0.62^* * and ** Equation significant at 0.05 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
	F_m
IAC572	457	418	420	521	454 a
IAC313	468	424	543	582	504 a
P1103	341	432	389	413	394 a
SO4	347	421	422	406	399 a
420A	477	458	456	600	498 a
Mean	418	430	446	504	CV= 13%	ŷ =411 + 0.548x (R²=0.67^** * and ** Equation significant at 0.05 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
	F_v/F_m
IAC572	0.771	0.769	0.749	0.771	0.765 b	ns
IAC313	0.793	0.776	0.802	0.791	0.790 ab	ns
P1103	0.779	0.799	0.798	0.808	0.796 a	ns
SO4	0.805	0.811	0.812	0.807	0.808 a	ns
420A	0.787	0.790	0.800	0.768	0.786 ab	ns
Mean	0.787	0.789	0.792	0.789	CV= 23%	ns

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[1] jovanizalamena@yahoo.com.br (Autor correspondente)