Behavior of broilers subjected to different light spectra and illuminances

Lucena, Aline C.; Pandorfi, Héliton; Almeida, Gledson L. P.; Guiselini, Cristiane; Araújo, José E. M.; Rodrigues, Tatiana P. N. da S.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n6p415-421

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 24 (6) • June 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n6p415-421 copy

Behavior of broilers subjected to different light spectra and illuminances

Comportamento de frangos de corte submetidos a diferentes espectros luminosos e iluminâncias

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The ideal illuminance in poultry houses for broiler chickens may lead to improvement in housing efficiency and broiler welfare. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the behavior and welfare of broiler chickens under effect of illuminance by light-emitting diode (LED) in white band (400-760 nm) and blue/green band (470-525 nm). The experiment was conducted from October to December 2017, in the municipality of Carpina, PE, Brazil, and had 384-oneday-old chicks (mixed batch), Cobb 500 strain. The adopted design was completely randomized, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to four illuminances, 5 lx (I1), 20 lx (I2), 150 lx (I3) and 5-20 lx (5 lx in the 1^st, 2^nd and 6^th weeks and 20 lx in the 3^rd, 4^th and 5^th weeks - I4), and two light spectra using LED bars, RGB type, in white (400-760 nm) color (C1) and blue/green (470-525 nm) dichromatic color (C2), with three repetitions. A continuous lighting program was used, 18 h of light and 6 h of dark per day. Ingestive, posture, comfort and natural behaviors, aggressiveness and discomfort of the broiler were evaluated. Broiler behavioral variables were determined by the frequency of the events and their probability of occurrence by the Chi-square test. Broilers subjected to wavelengths in the blue/green range and illuminance of 20 lx and 5-20 lx showed more significant ingestive and comfort behaviors, which demonstrates better welfare under these housing conditions.

Key words:
poultry; animal welfare; artificial lighting

Behaviors	Description
Standing	Behavior characterized when the bird rests on its feet.
Lying	Behavior characterized when the bird’s body is in contact with the ground, floor or bedding.
Eating	Consuming or pecking feed from the feeder.
Drinking	Consuming water from the drinker.
Exploring feathers	Exploring plumage with the beak, for both maintenance and investigation.
Non-aggressive pecking	Slightly pecking other birds, usually in the lower ventral region of the neck, back, base and tip of the tail or abdomen.
Aggressive pecking	Strongly pecking another bird, causing aggressive or defensive reaction, usually directed to the upper region of the head and comb or in the lower dorsal region of the neck.
Pecking objects	Pecking objects or parts of the pen, except for feeder and drinker.
Comfort movements	Movements of stretching the wings and legs on the same side of the body simultaneously, shaking and ruffling feathers, lifting part of both wings near the body or extending the tips of the wings and/or flapping wings.
Foraging	When the bird explores its territory with its feet and beak, directed to the floor.
Dust bathing	Rolling on the bedding substrate or soil in the pen area, spreading it across the body.
Still	Behavior characterized when the bird has no movement, or apparently does not fit any of the previous behaviors.
Discomfort movements	Movements of aggressiveness; stretching the whole body to increase the area of contact with the bedding, open beak (panting).

Treatments		Behaviors													Total
Treatments		Std	Ly	Dr	Ea	DB	POb	AgP	NagP	For	ExpF	ComfM	Stl	DiscomfM	Total
I1C1	Freq	393	807	129	208	11	9	1	5	52	88	36	649	12	2400
I1C1	Perc	2.05	4.2	0.67	1.08	0.06	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.27	0.46	0.19	3.38	0.06	12.5
I1C2	Freq	530	670	140	341	8	4	0	4	36	75	38	551	3	2400
I1C2	Perc	2.76	3.49	0.73	1.78	0.04	0.02	0	0.02	0.19	0.39	0.2	2.87	0.02	12.5
I2C1	Freq	397	803	128	213	18	14	1	13	41	115	22	627	8	2400
I2C1	Perc	2.07	4.18	0.67	1.11	0.09	0.07	0.01	0.07	0.21	0.6	0.11	3.27	0.04	12.5
I2C2	Freq	498	702	115	354	10	15	1	3	36	100	29	534	3	2400
I2C2	Perc	2.59	3.66	0.6	1.84	0.05	0.08	0.01	0.02	0.19	0.52	0.15	2.78	0.02	12.5
I3C1	Freq	392	808	120	210	9	2	2	3	60	89	31	665	9	2400
I3C1	Perc	2.04	4.21	0.63	1.09	0.05	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.31	0.46	0.16	3.46	0.05	12.5
I3C2	Freq	418	782	97	229	14	21	2	11	54	92	28	647	5	2400
I3C2	Perc	2.18	4.07	0.51	1.19	0.07	0.11	0.01	0.06	0.28	0.48	0.15	3.37	0.03	12.5
I4C1	Freq	377	823	138	180	18	8	2	5	26	122	26	672	3	2400
I4C1	Perc	1.96	4.29	0.72	0.94	0.09	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.14	0.64	0.14	3.5	0.02	12.5
I4C2	Freq	374	826	104	199	12	11	1	5	58	119	51	632	8	2400
I4C2	Perc	1.95	4.3	0.54	1.04	0.06	0.06	0.01	0.03	0.3	0.62	0.27	3.29	0.04	12.5
Total	Freq	3379	6221	971	1934	100	84	10	49	363	800	261	4977	51	19200
Total	Perc	17.6	32.4	5.06	10.07	0.52	0.44	0.05	0.26	1.89	4.17	1.36	25.92	0.27	100
Chi-square		DF											Probability
387.3283		84											p ≤ 0.0001

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[1] Héliton Pandorfi - E-mail: hpandorf@hotmail.com (Corresponding author)