Center pivot irrigation management in maize hybrids and the incidence of stalk rot

Kühn, Irineu E.; Cotrim, Mayara F.; Gava, Ricardo; Alvarez, Rita de C. F.; Oliveira, Job T. de; Teodoro, Paulo E.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n12p840-846

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 24 (12) • Dec 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n12p840-846 copy

Center pivot irrigation management in maize hybrids and the incidence of stalk rot

Manejo da irrigação sob pivô central em híbridos de milho e a incidência de podridão de colmo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to verify the incidence of Fusarium spp. in commercial maize hybrids and irrigation management strategies utilizing center pivot systems. The experiment was carried out during the second season in a randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement with five maize hybrids (2B810, MG580, AS1633, DKB290, and AG8544). The plots were irrigated with five frequencies (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days) in one experiment, and five water depths (at 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration) in another experiment. Plant height, ear insertion height, moisture at harvest time, yield, and incidence of stalk rot were evaluated. Neither irrigation frequency nor irrigation depth influenced the incidence of disease. The one-day irrigation frequency provided the highest yield for maize hybrids. Hybrid 2B810 showed the highest yield and the lowest incidence of the disease.

Key words:
Zea mays; fungal disease; precision irrigation

Layer (cm)	FC	RWC	TAW (mm cm^-1)	SD	PD	TP (%)	Granulometry (dag kg^-1)			Texture
Layer (cm)	(cm³ cm^-3)		TAW (mm cm^-1)	(kg dm^-3)		TP (%)	Sand	Silt	Clay	Texture
0-15	0.43	0.282	1.76	1.34	2.65	53.6	39.24	6.68	54.08	Clayey
15-30	0.383	0.262	1.74	1.44	2.65	48.4	36.76	4.56	58.68	Clayey

Stage (DAE interval)	Kc
Up to 4 visible leaves (0-18)	0.32
4-8 visible leaves and still attached to the stem (19-37)	1.07
8-12 visible leaves and still attached to the stem (37-50)	1.50
Tasseling, flowering, and pollination (51-64)	1.43
End of pollination to dough grains (64-77)	1.25
Dough grains to dent or farinaceous grains (78-89)	1.01
Farinaceous grains to flint grains (90-99)	0.39
Flint grains to the physiological maturity (100-110)	0.23

Irrigation frequencies (days)					Water depths (%)
1	2	3	4	5	25	50	75	100	125
TWA (mm)
381	359	331	310	294	93	173	252	331	410

	PH	EIH	GMH (%)	GY (t ha^-1)	ID (%)
	(cm)		GMH (%)	GY (t ha^-1)	ID (%)
Irrigation frequency (days)
1	193.46	99.49	25.45	5.226	69.25
2	192.83	103.50	26.15	4.930	74.50
3	186.58	99.83	24.18	4.057	70.62
4	187.91	103.08	24.11	4.264	72.00
5	196.00	104.58	22.57	4.379	75.12
Hybrids
2B810	208.83 a	99.16 bc	30.50 a	7.691 a	25.87 d
MG580	168.41 d	93.16 c	24.01 b	3.848 b	85.75 b
AS1633	183.21 c	100.91 b	24.44 b	4.183 b	77.25 c
DKB290	194.50 b	105.83 ab	20.42 c	3.265 b	79.87 bc
AG8544	201.83 ab	111.41 a	23.10 b	3.868 b	92.75 a
	p Ftest
Irrigation frquency (F)	0.4764^ns	0.7132^ns	0.0161*	0.0374*	0.2670^ns
Hybrids (H)	0.0000**	0.0000**	0.0000**	0.0000**	0.0000**
F x H	0.4224^ns	0.1107^ns	0.1970^ns	0.6741^ns	0.2780^ns
CV (%)	9.58	13.73	11.59	25.130	12.69
Mean	191.36	102.09	24.49	4.571	72.30

	PH	EIH	GMH (%)	GY (t ha^-1)	ID (%)
	(cm)		GMH (%)	GY (t ha^-1)	ID (%)
Irrigation (%)
25	199.00	107.25	21.35	4.59	73.00
50	199.83	104.83	21.01	4.09	79.37
75	207.16	109.75	21.21	4.69	79.75
100	197.91	105.00	21.96	4.50	78.12
125	199.16	103.71	19.92	4.17	76.62
Hybrids
2B810	215.83 a	101.29 bc	28.15 a	8.13 a	36.37 d
MG580	173.16 b	99.66 c	20.24 b	3.60 ab	97.25 a
AS1633	201.75 b	108.75 a	18.60 b	3.66 ab	78.50 c
DKB290	201.83 b	107.66 ab	17.98 b	2.60 b	85.87 bc
AG8544	210.50 ab	113.16 a	20.43 b	4.06 ab	88.87 b
	F test
Irrigation	0.0556^ns	0.3253^ns	0.4978^ns	0.5030^ns	0.1453^ns
Hybrids	0.0000**	0.0000**	0.0000**	0.0000**	0.0000**
Irrigation x Hybrids	0.7545^ns	0.3652^ns	0.7567^ns	0.9942^ns	0.3172^ns
CV (%)	4.69	8.90	16.72	28.47	10.93
Mean	200.61	106.11	21.09	4.41	77.37

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[1] * Ricardo Gava - E-mail: ricardo.gava@ufms.br (Corresponding author)