Performance of a diesel engine using different biodiesel blends and injection configurations

Sala, José A.; Schlosser, José F.; Bertollo, Gilvan M.; Herzog, Daniela; Bertinatto, Rovian; Romano, Leonardo N.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n1p70-78

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 27 (1) • Jan 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n1p70-78 copy

Performance of a diesel engine using different biodiesel blends and injection configurations¹ 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

Desempenho de um motor diesel utilizando diferentes misturas de biodiesel e configurações de injeção

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

Mechanical fuel injection systems with an injection pump can be replaced by electronic control systems.

Use of blends with biodiesel leads to a shorter ignition delay.

Advancing the injection point increases the power and decreases the specific fuel consumption.

ABSTRACT

Diesel cycle engines are widely used in a wide range of agricultural activities. Recently, with the increasing use of biodiesel mixed with petroleum diesel and the introduction of pollutant emission regulations for agricultural and road machinery, there has been a growing migration from mechanical to electronic fuel injection systems. In this experiment, the primary aim was to verify the behavior of a diesel engine, electronically managed, with controlled variation of the fuel feeding system parameters (injection time and volume injected). A four-cylinder agricultural tractor with a turbocharged engine and a common rail electronic fuel injection system was used. Tests with diesel B10 and blends of 20 and 30% biodiesel were carried out, all with 10 ppm of sulfur and the injection system electronically reprogrammed. The tests were performed under full engine load from 1,300 to 2,000 rpm. The torque, power and fuel consumption were evaluated. Advancing the injection point increased the power and decreased the specific fuel consumption for all fuels. The greater amount of injected fuel provided average power gain of up to 14.96% and average torque gain of 15.50%.

Key words:
electronic injection; reprogramming; common rail

Sources of variation	DF	Torque	Power	Hourly consumption	Specific consumption
Sources of variation	DF	F calculated
Fuel (F)	2	285.4*	273.5*	179.8*	245.9*
Debit (D)	1	21,904.8*	16,084.6*	18,239.0*	438.7*
Point (P)	1	1223.9*	481.5*	2,741.1*	663.3*
Rotation (R)	7	9,175.8*	2,558.2*	4,106.7*	421.0*
F × D	2	14.9*	11.9*	63.8*	61.3*
F × P	2	47.9*	85.1*	4.4*	45.3*
F × R	14	1.5*	1.5	49.1*	33.2*
D × P	1	3,424.3*	2,634.4*	774.5*	204.2*
D × R	7	280.9*	56.7*	209.9*	62.1*
P × R	7	45.2*	21.0*	51.1*	17.1*
F × D × P	2	0.02	1.6	78.7*	55.9*
D × P × R	7	10.9*	0.9	41.8*	24.0*
F × D × P × R	14	0.8	1.1	36.8*	22.2*
CV (%)		1.98	2.26	2.64	3.58

	Engine rotations (rpm)
	1,300		1,400		1,500		1,600		1,700		1,800		1,900		2,000
	Power (kW)
B10	66	de	71	80	76	de	78	de	80	de	80	de	80	de	79	de
B10F	79	a	83	ab	89	a	90	a	90	a	90	a	90	a	88	a
B10P	66	d	71	d	77	d	79	d	81	d	82	d	81	c	80	d
B10PF	72	c	77	c	82	c	84	c	86	c	86	c	85	c	83	c
B20	65	de	70	d	75	e	77	e	78	e	79	e	79	e	77	e
B20F	80	a	84	a	88	ab	90	a	90	a	90	a	89	a	88	a
B20P	66	de	71	d	76	de	79	80	81	d	81	80	80	cd	79	d
B20PF	73	c	77	c	82	c	84	c	86	c	86	c	84	c	83	c
B30	63	f	68	e	73	f	75	f	76	f	77	f	76	f	74	f
B30F	77	b	82	b	86	b	87	b	88	b	88	b	87	b	86	b
B30P	64	ef	69	de	76	de	79	de	80	d	81	80	80	cde	79	d
B30PF	72	c	77	c	81	c	85	c	85	c	85	c	84	c	82	c
	Torque (N m)
B10	498	d	497	d	499	de	482	def	463	de	440	e	414	e	389	de
B10F	602	a	587	ab	583	a	555	a	525	a	496	a	469	a	435	a
B10P	497	d	499	d	504	d	489	d	469	d	449	d	422	d	397	d
B10PF	549	c	541	c	538	c	517	c	495	c	468	c	441	c	410	c
B20	491	de	494	de	492	e	476	f	455	e	435	e	411	e	383	e
B20F	603	a	589	a	574	b	552	a	523	a	492	a	465	a	433	ab
B20P	494	d	497	d	499	de	484	de	465	d	443	de	416	de	391	d
B20PF	549	c	544	c	534	c	518	c	495	c	467	c	435	c	407	c
B30	482	f	482	f	482	f	466	g	445	f	424	f	398	f	371	f
B30F	588	b	579	b	570	b	541	b	514	b	484	b	454	b	426	b
B30P	486	ef	488	ef	494	e	481	ef	463	de	440	e	415	de	389	de
B30PF	546	c	538	c	532	c	520	c	490	c	464	c	434	c	406	c

	Engine rotations (rpm)
	1,300		1,400		1,500		1,600		1,700		1,800		1,900		2,000
	Hourly consumption (L h^-1)
B10	20.9	fg	23.0	d	25.2	e	25.7	g	26.6	fg	26.9	g	27.1	fg	28.2	e
B10F	25.8	b	28.3	a	30.5	a	30.5	b	30.4	b	31.0	ab	30.8	ab	31.7	a
B10P	16.3	h	20.5	e	25.6	e	25.9	fg	26.4	gh	26.9	g	27.1	g	28.3	e
B10PF	23.1	e	25.7	c	28.8	b	29.3	f	29.9	c	28.4	80	27.9	e	29.4	c
B20	21.2	f	23.2	d	25.6	e	26.4	e	26.9	ef	27.5	ef	27.5	efg	28.6	de
B20F	26.4	a	28.4	a	30.6	a	31.1	a	31.2	a	31.3	a	31.2	a	31.9	a
B20P	21.2	f	23.3	d	25.5	e	26.1	ef	27.1	e	27.5	ef	27.3	fg	28.3	e
B20PF	23.6	d	25.8	c	27.4	d	28.1	d	28.9	d	29.0	c	29.0	c	30.1	b
B30	20.5	g	22.9	d	25.2	e	25.7	fg	26.7	efg	27.3	fg	27.2	fg	28.2	e
B30F	25.4	c	27.8	b	30.5	a	30.5	b	30.5	b	30.6	b	30.4	b	31.6	a
B30P	20.5	g	19.1	f	25.3	e	20.4	h	26.0	h	27.7	e	27.5	ef	28.9	d
B30PF	23.9	d	26.0	c	28.0	c	28.4	d	28.8	d	29.4	c	28.6	d	29.5	c

Fuel	Original engine condition	+P	+F	+P+F
Fuel	Consumption (L h^-1)
B10	25.44	25.36	29.89	27.81
B20	25.87	25.79	30.24	27.76
B30	25.46	25.55	29.65	27.81
Mean	25.59	25.57	29.93	27.79
Total	100%	99.92%	116.96%	108.60%

Fuel	Original engine condition		+P		+F		+P+F
Fuel	Average consumption (g kW^-1 h^-1)
B10	281.65	100.0%	276.85	98.3%	288.00	102.2%	286.50	101.6%
B20	291.89	103.6%	285.07	101.2%	293.96	104.0%	287.46	102.1%
B30	298.20	105.9%	286.18	101.6%	296.80	105.4%	291.64	103.5%

	Engine rotations (rpm)
	1,300		1,400		1,500		1,600		1,700		1,800		1,900		2,000
	Specific consumption (g kW^-1 h^-1)
B10	242	d	247	e	252	d	249	f	253	ef	255	fg	258	de	271	def
B10F	247	abcd	258	abc	261	bc	258	cde	256	de	261	cdef	260	cd	274	cdef
B10P	188	e	219	f	253	d	247	f	247	f	250	g	253	ef	268	f
B10PF	242	d	254	bcd	267	ab	266	ab	265	ab	252	g	249	f	268	ef
B20	251	abc	253	cde	261	bc	262	bcd	262	bc	265	bcd	266	bc	282	b
B20F	253	ab	259	ab	267	ab	265	ab	264	ab	266	bc	266	bc	278	bcd
B20P	247	bcd	250	de	255	cd	253	ef	257	cde	259	def	259	de	272	def
B20PF	249	abc	255	bcd	257	cd	256	de	257	cde	259	ef	263	bcd	277	bcd
B30	250	abc	258	abc	265	ab	263	abc	270	a	273	a	276	a	291	a
B30F	253	ab	260	ab	271	a	268	a	266	ab	268	ab	269	b	283	b
B30P	245	cd	212	g	257	cd	199	g	249	f	263	bcde	263	bcd	279	bc
B30PF	254	a	262	a	266	ab	257	cde	262	bcd	266	bc	262	cd	275	cde

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: dani_herzog@hotmail.com

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Performance of a diesel engine using different biodiesel blends and injection configurations1 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

Desempenho de um motor diesel utilizando diferentes misturas de biodiesel e configurações de injeção

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Performance of a diesel engine using different biodiesel blends and injection configurations¹ 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil