Content, extraction and export of nutrients in sugarcane under salinity and leaching fraction

Lira, Raquele M. de; Silva, Ênio F. de F. e; Silva, Gerônimo F. da; Souza, Diego H. S. de; Pedrosa, Elvira M. R.; Gordin, Leandro C.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n6p432-438

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 23 (6) • June 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n6p432-438 copy

Content, extraction and export of nutrients in sugarcane under salinity and leaching fraction

Teor, extração e exportação de nutrientes em cana-de-açúcar sob salinidade e frações de lixiviação

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contents of macronutrients and also chlorine and sodium in the diagnostic leaf, and the extraction and export of macronutrients in sugarcane irrigated with saline water and leaching fractions. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme with four replications, corresponding to five levels of water salinity (0.5, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0 and 6.5 dS m^-1) and two leaching fractions (L1 = 0 and L2 = 0.17). The treatments were applied 60 days after planting. At 280 days after planting, diagnostic leaves were collected and used to evaluate the nutritional status and the contents of Cl and Na. At 360 days after planting, the sugarcane was harvested and its stalks were separated into tops and leaves. Exposure to water of increasing salinity linearly reduced the N, P, K and Mg contents of the diagnostic leaves and increased their Ca, Cl and Na contents. This effect was minimized by the application of the 0.17 leaching fraction. The extraction of nutrients followed the order K > Ca > N > Mg > S > P. The salinity of the irrigation water had a negative effect on the nutritional status of the plant and on its extraction and export of nutrients; the application of the 0.17 leaching fraction improved the results, except for Ca and S.

Key words:
Saccharum spp.; saline waters; macronutrients

Cause of variation	Levels of water electrical conductivity
	0.5	2.0	3.5	5.0	6.5
	dS m^-1
Leaching fraction	(N) Diagnostic leaf (g kg^-1)
L1 = 0	18.73 a	16.45 a	13.83 b	11.05 b	9.98 b
L2 = 0.17	19.43 a	18.20 a	17.85 a	16.80 a	14.8750 a
	(K) Diagnostic leaf (g kg^-1)
L1 = 0	14.43 a	12.38 a	10.64 a	8.91 b	8.3250 b
L2 = 0.17	13.74 a	13.11 a	11.06 a	10.17 a	9.3260 a
	(Ca) Diagnostic leaf (g kg^-1)
L1 = 0	6.07 a	8.09 a	9.35 a	10.81 a	11.4658 a
L2 = 0.17	6.19 a	6.53 b	8.43 b	9.59 b	10.1318 b
	(Na) Diagnostic leaf (g kg^-1)
L1 = 0	5.52 a	5.50 b	7.55 a	11.08 a	12.8565 a
L2 = 0.17	5.40 a	6.36 a	6.01 b	6.55 b	6.9558 b
	(Cl) Diagnostic leaf (mg kg^-1)
L1 = 0	997.09 a	1706.13 a	2127.12 a	2304.38 a	2924.7900 a
L2 = 0.17	974.93 a	1174.35 b	1307.29 b	1528.87 b	1617.4975 b

Cause of variation	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Cause of variation	(kg ha^-1)
Leaching fraction	Extraction
L1 = 0	86.35 b	10.02 b	149.09 b	151.17 a	61.96 b	22.31 a
L2 = 0.17	127.35 a	13.56 a	183.17 a	155.09 a	76.73 a	23.65 a
	Export
L1 = 0	60.26 b	6.64 b	111.76 b	122.33 a	36.48 b	15.64 a
L2 = 0.17	98.46 a	9.83 a	135.92 a	119.65 a	49.18 a	16.70 a

Salinity (dS m^-1)	N		P		K		Ca		Mg		S
	Extr.	Exp.	Extr.	Exp.	Extr.	Exp.	Extr.	Exp.	Extr.	Exp.	Extr.	Exp.
	kg ha^-1
0.5	171	122	20	13	222	154	161	129	89	65	30	20
2.0	130	100	15	10	192	140	163	131	66	48	27	19
3.5	98	71	10	7	166	128	166	131	61	47	23	16
5.0	79	60	7	5	141	112	131	117	43	29	18	12
6.5	54	41	6	4	117	85	112	84	32	24	15	10
Mean	106	78	12	8	168	123	147	118	58	43	23	15
CV	18.3	24.3	23.8	32.8	14.9	15.7	17.1	19.9	25.5	32.7	21.3	29.5
Eq. Extr.	$y = 173.68 - 19.09 * * x$		$y = 20.69 - 2.54 * * x$		$y = 231.32 - 18.62 * * x$		$y = 154.68 + 11.74 * * x - 2.5 * * x^{2}$		$y = 90.09 - 9.06 * * x$		$y = 32.207 - 2.63 * * x$
R²	0.97		0.94		0.98		0.97		0.98		0.98
Eq. Exp.	$y = 126.93 - 13.59 * * x$		$y = 13.68 - 1.55 * * x$		$y = 162.68 - 11.09 * * x$		$y = 125.24 + 8.23 * * x - 1.9 * * x^{2}$		$y = 66.08 - 6.64 * x$		$y = 22.458 - 1.79 * * x$
R²	0.98		0.95		0.97		0.99		0.93		0.96

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[1] Raquele M. de Lira - E-mail: raquelelira@gmail.com (Corresponding author)