This article analyses the relationship between (social and scholar) space and time and their relevance on structuring public primary education in Brasil. It is divided into three parts: improvised schoolhouses, schoolhouse-monuments and funcional schoolhouses, intending to distinguish three diferents moments of history of primary school, difined upon the phisical-architectural place taken by the school, as well as the various temporalities experienced in its interior, interlinked both with material and methodological changes on Brazilian education.