Promoting Portuguese language learning without involving other languages |
Altogether |
21 |
7 |
Displaying images, drawings |
8 |
7 |
Using body language, gestures |
3 |
5 |
Playing games, role plays, other playful exercises |
3 |
2 |
Demonstrating with objects |
2 |
5 |
Manipulating or playing with objects |
1 |
2 |
Using simplified material |
5 |
3 |
Using multimodal projects to enhance reading and writing |
3 |
- |
Playing videos (Portuguese language, no subtitles) |
1 |
2 |
Repeating in Portuguese |
1 |
3 |
Letting Portuguese speaker peers to help Portuguese learners |
2 |
4 |
Performing real-life tasks in Portuguese |
1 |
- |
Allowing only speaking Portuguese in the classroom |
1 |
- |
Teacher repeating student talk in correct Portuguese |
- |
2 |
Explaining in Portuguese again but in other words |
- |
3 |
Explaining task in Portuguese again but individually |
- |
1 |
Expressing insecurity to modify strategies |
18 |
- |
Using a shared language (mostly English) as lingua franca |
|
|
Altogether |
11 |
6 |
Speaking English in general, to communicate |
9 |
5 |
Teaching in English and Portuguese (in general) |
1 |
- |
Speaking English to clarify instruction |
1 |
4 |
Speaking English to translate learning content |
2 |
5 |
Speaking English to teach Portuguese vocabulary |
- |
4 |
Letting student explain in English then asking for repeating in Portuguese |
- |
1 |
Using English to translate Portuguese to create worksheets and learning material for students |
4 |
- |
Playing English video with Portuguese subtitles |
- |
1 |
Communicating in Spanish in general |
1 |
- |
Speaking Spanish to teach Portuguese vocabulary |
- |
1 |
Communicating in French in general |
1 |
- |
Using students’ languages |
Altogether |
12 |
4 |
Asking students speaking similar languages to translate to each other in order to understand Portuguese instruction |
4 |
2 |
Letting students using phones and iPads to translate from Portuguese |
2 |
2 |
Letting students reply in their languages then asking them to translate to Portuguese |
1 |
- |
Teacher using Google to translate Portuguese worksheet or material into students’ languages |
2 |
- |
Teacher learning a few words in students’ languages |
3 |
- |
Students teaching a few words in their languages to whole class |
1 |
- |
Students reading stories, poems, performing a play in their languages to whole class |
2 |
- |
Students writing short sentences in their languages on artwork |
- |
1 |
Asking students what languages they speak |
- |
1 |
Teacher telling the whole class what languages a student speaks |
- |
1 |