Difficulties in learning mathematics are a complex issue that is still relatively unexplored. Research into syndromes associated with low mathematical performance indicate that different cognitive profiles underlie learning difficulties in math and show that not all such difficulties have the same origins. This study aimed to investigate characteristics of the principles of numerical counting in two students: one with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and another with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Observations were made in the classroom and on the school playground. Five different mathematical situations were used to investigate five numerical principles: one to one correspondence, constant order, cardinality, abstraction and irrelevance of order. It was concluded that the principle of one to one correspondence in these children appears later than in their peers, and the principles of abstraction and irrelevance of order are the least developed in these children. There are children with syndromes such as these enrolled in regular classrooms. In order to ensure inclusion that encourages mathematical success, it is important to gain knowledge about their cognitive abilities and how they appropriate concepts and mathematical content.
Special Education; Difficulties in Learning Mathematics; Fragile X Syndrome; Prader-Willi Syndrome; Numerical Count
