Body dissatisfaction and sociodemographic, anthropometric and maturational factors among artistic gymnastics athletes

NEVES, Clara Mockdece; MEIRELES, Juliana Fernandes Filgueiras; CARVALHO, Pedro Henrique Berbert de; FERREIRA, Maria Elisa Caputo

doi:10.1590/1807-55092016000100061

Brasil

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BIODINÂMICA • Rev Bras Educ Fís Esporte 30 (1) • Jan-Mar 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-55092016000100061 linkcopy

Body dissatisfaction and sociodemographic, anthropometric and maturational factors among artistic gymnastics athletes

Insatisfação corporal e fatores sociodemográficos, antropométricos e maturacionais de atletas de ginástica artística

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the overall body dissatisfaction and in specific areas in adolescents who practice artistic gymnastic in elite and non-elite levels, and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic, anthropometric and maturational factors on body dissatisfaction. The research is characterized as transversal, quantitative, descriptive and correlational. The sample consisted of 285 adolescents, of both sexes, practicing gymnastics. They were divided into two groups: 245 non-elite athletes and 40 elite athletes. The participants were aged between 10 and 18 years (mean 12.86 ± 1.80) and were resident of the city of Três Rios-RJ. The assessment instruments were: Body Shape Questionnaire, Body Areas Scale, Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil and socio-demographic questionnaire. Anthropometric and somatic maturation data were collected. The results showed that 24.9% of the non-elite athletes and 15% of elite athletes were dissatisfied with their body as a whole. For specific body areas, nonelite athletes were significantly more dissatisfied with their body area “weight” than the elite athletes. Sociodemographic and economic factors had no influence on overall body dissatisfaction. For non-elite athletes, only the body percentage of fat and somatic maturation were predictors for the overall body dissatisfaction and in specific areas, respectively. It was concluded that the non-elite athletes were more dissatisfied with their body and weight than the elite athletes.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE Imagem corporal; Ginástica; Adolescentes; Antropometria

	Non-elite athletes		Elite athletes		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Sex
Male	38	15.5	3	7.5	41	14.4
Female	207	84.5	37	92.5	244	85.6
Ethnicity
White	49	20.0	17	42.5	66	23.2
Dark skinned black	93	38.0	11	27.5	104	36.5
Lighter skinned Black	87	35.5	5	12.5	92	32.3
Others	16	6.5	7	17.5	23	8.1
Socioeconomic Level
A1	-	-	1	2.5	1	.4
A2	5	2.0	5	12.5	10	3.5
B1	33	13.5	10	25.0	43	15.1
B2	83	33.9	13	32.5	96	33.7
C1	90	36.7	8	20.0	98	34.4
C2	30	12.2	3	7.5	33	11.6
D	4	1.6	-	-	4	1.4
E	-	-	-	-	-	-


	n	%	n	%	n	%
Nutricional Status
Low weigth	16	6.5	3	7.5	19	6.7
Normal weight (eutrophia)	206	84.1	37	92.5	243	85.3
Overweight	15	6.1	-	-	15	5.3
Obese	8	3.3	-	-	8	2.8
%BF
Low	20	8.2	31	77.5	51	17.9
Normal	107	43.7	9	22.5	116	40.7
High	118	48.2	-	-	118	41.4
Peak Height Growth Velocity
Pre-spurt of growth in stature	180	73.5	31	77.5	211	74.0
During spurt of growth in stature	62	25.3	9	22.5	71	24.9
Post-spurt of growth in stature	3	1.2	-	-	3	1.1

	Non-elite athletes		Elite athletes
	Average	SD	Average	SD	t	p-valor
Age (years old)	12.57	1.87	13.33	1.86	-2.41	0.017^* * significant at p < 0.05.
CCEB	23.10	5.27	27.05	6.71	-3.552	0.001^* * significant at p < 0.05.
BMI (kg/m²)	19.34	3.28	18.15	2.11	3.004	0.004^* * significant at p < 0.05.
%BF	25.06	9.08	11.69	4.37	14.813	0.0001^* * significant at p < 0.05.
Maturation	-1.81	1.26	-1.72	1.19	-0.404	0.687
BSQ	66.16	25.81	65.18	24.34	0.225	0.822
BAS	38.24	13.00	38.03	16.45	0.094	0.926

Variables	Idade	BMI	Maturation	%BF	CCBE	BSQ	BAS
Age	-	0.64^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.97^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.51^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.19	0.04	0.19
BMI	0.37^* * significant at p < 0.05.	-	0.64^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.70^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.19	0.26	0.24
Maturation	0.94^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.28^* * significant at p < 0.05.	-	0.55^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.19	0.04	0.14
%BF	0.22^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.83^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.14^* * significant at p < 0.05.	-	-0.01	0.16	0.03
CCBE	-0.02	0.04	-0.04	0.07	-	0.18	0.22
BSQ	0.09	0.26^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.07	0.31^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.01	-	0.70^* * significant at p < 0.05.
BAS	0.23^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.14^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.23^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.13^* * significant at p < 0.05.	0.03	0.43^* * significant at p < 0.05.	-

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[1] %BF: Body Percentage of Fat.