Prevalence of binge drinking among medical students in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nascimento, Maria Isabel do; Costa, Juliana dos Santos; Andrade, Carlos Augusto Ferreira de

doi:10.1590/1981-5271v46.1-20210440.ING

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REVIEW ARTICLE • Rev. bras. educ. med. 46 (01) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-5271v46.1-20210440.ING copy

Prevalence of binge drinking among medical students in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalência de binge drinking entre estudantes de medicina no Brasil: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Introduction:

Binge drinking consists of an alcohol consumption pattern that is dangerous for the drinkers and for society. Undergraduate medical students are often exposed to stressful situations, increasing the propensity for psychoactive substance use including excessive alcohol consumption.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to develop a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of binge drinking practiced by Brazilian medical students.

Methods:

The search was performed in a standardized way, involving two researchers, and by consulting the PubMed/Medline, SciELO and LILACS databases. A meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the pooled prevalence of binge drinking and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI).

Results:

We identified 206 records and included 14 studies in the review. The combined prevalence was estimated by the random effect method. Despite the substantial heterogeneity among the studies, the pooled analysis indicated that binge drinking is practiced by 47% of medical students as a whole, in Brazil (95% CI: 38%; 57%), and by 65% (95% CI: 50%; 78%) and 47% (95% CI: 34% to 59%), considering men and women, respectively.

Conclusion:

Binge drinking is practiced by almost half of the contingent of our future doctors. These results provide insights as to the choices and decisions that these students make regarding the consumption of potentially dangerous substances for the human health. Despite the high heterogeneity, the magnitude of the binge-drinking problem estimated in this meta-analysis demands an effective involvement of medical schools in Brazil.

Keywords:
Binge Drinking; Alcohol Drinking; Students; Medical; Prevalence; Systematic Review

Identification	Higher Education Institution			Methodological characteristics			Prevalence of binge drinking
Authors/ Year	Administration type	Location	Region	Design	Tool	Course semester	Students (n)	Total (%)	Male sex (%)	Female sex (%)
Scapim et al; 2021¹³13. Scapim JPR, Fernandes RCP, Fortes DA, Cunha CM. Smoking, alcohol consumption and associated factors in medical students. J Bras Psiquiatr 2021; 70(2): 117-25. https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000309 https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-20850000003...	Public	Capital	Northeast	Cross sectional	VIGITEL^a a VIGITEL - Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico.	from 1^st to 8^th	556	36.0	39.0	32.0
Abreu et al; 2018¹⁴14. Abreu TT, Maurílio AO, Liguori CC, Tavares DVP, Terceiro DMG, Cunha LGM, et al. The consumption of alcoholic beverages and the binge drink among medicine graduating in a Minas Gerais University. J Bras Psiquiatr 2018; 67(2): 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000190 https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-20850000001...	Public	Interior	Southeast	Cross sectional	AUDIT^b b AUDIT - Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. cNA - Not Applicable. dNI - Not Informed.	from 1^st to 10^th	201	53.7	69.6	40.4
Aguiar et al; 2018¹⁵15. Aguiar AS, Catelli R, Toledo L, Ubaldo L, Silva CJ, Fonseca VAS. A study of the behaviour of medical students towards alcoholic patients as a result of their knowledge and self drinking patterns. Rev Bras Educ Med 2018; 42(3): 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-52712015v42n3RB20180052 https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-52712015v42...	Public	Both	Southeast	Cross sectional	AUDIT	3^rd, 6^th and 11^th	371	60.1	NA^c b AUDIT - Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. cNA - Not Applicable. dNI - Not Informed.	NA
Gomes et al; 2018¹⁶16. Gomes LS, Barroso CRD, Silvestre VA, Baylão ACP, Garcia SCM, Pacheco SJB. Alcohol consumption among South Fluminense medical students - RJ. Rev Med (São Paulo) 2018; 97(3): 260-6. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v97i3p260-266 https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836....	Private	Interior	Southeast	Cross sectional	AUDIT	from 1^st to 8^th	265	48.7	58.9	42.9
Pereira HC; 2018¹⁷17. Pereira HC. Relação entre padrões de consumo de álcool e transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes de medicina [dissertação]. Santo André (SP): Centro Universitário Saúde ABC; 2018.	Public	Interior	Northeast	Cross sectional	AUDIT	from 1^st to 12^th	281	48.8	NA	NA
Pelicioli et al; 2017¹⁸18. Pelicioli M, Barelli C, Gonçalves CBC, Hahn SR, Scherer JI. Alcohol consumption and episodic heavy drinking among undergraduate students from the health area of a Brazilian university. J Bras Psiquiatr 2017; 66(3): 150-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000164 https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-20850000001...	Private	Interior	South	Cross sectional	AUDIT	NI^d b AUDIT - Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. cNA - Not Applicable. dNI - Not Informed.	111	68.5	NA	NA
Maia et al; 2017¹⁹19. Maia DAM, Marques RB, Maia Filho ALM. Alcohol consumption and practice of binge drinking in medical students. R Interd 2017; 10(1): 139-146.	Private	Capital	Northeast	NI	AUDIT	from 1^st to 8^th	291	48.8	61.4	36.3
Mendonça AKRH; 2017²⁰20. Mendonça AKRH. Padrão de consumo alcoólico e prática do binge drinking entre universitários da área de saúde [dissertação]. Aracajú (SE): Universidade Tiradentes; 2017.	Both	Capital	Northeast	Cross sectional	AUDIT	from 1^st to 12^th	210	55.2	NA	NA
Silva et al; 2017²¹21. Silva PS, Souza JK, Buffon AC, Vietta GG. Prevalência da prática de beber pesado episódico e fatores associados ao desempenho acadêmico em estudantes de medicina da UNISUL [trabalho de conclusão de curso] - Pedra Branca (SC): Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina; 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.riuni.unisul.br/handle/12345/4344 . [acessado em 03 dez 2020]. https://www.riuni.unisul.br/handle/12345...	Private	Interior	South	Cross sectional	AUDIT	from 1^st to 12^th	343	63.6	73.7	59.7
Machado et al; 2015²²22. Machado JNS, Finelli LAC, Jones KM, Soares WD. Alcohol consumption among academic medicine. RBPeCS 2015; 2(2): 46-51. http://revistas.icesp.br/index.php/RBPeCS/article/view/47#:~:text=Os%20resultados%20demonstram%20que%20a,p%C3%BAblica%2C%2081%2C0%25. [acessado em 10 jun 2020). http://revistas.icesp.br/index.php/RBPeC...	Both	Interior	Southeast	Cross sectional	AUDIT	from 1^st to 8^th	146	41.1	NA	NA
Ribeiro et al; 2015²³23. Ribeiro GFF, França VM, Faria RLBC, Cuellar PMG, Martins MLB. Alcohol: their use by medical students at Tocantins Federal University. Rev Cereus 2015; 7(1): 29-39. http://ojs.unirg.edu.br/index.php/1/article/view/841/334. [acessado em 10 jun 2020] http://ojs.unirg.edu.br/index.php/1/arti...	Public	Capital	North	Cross sectional	AUDIT	from 1^st to 12^th	306	27.8	NA	NA
Carneiro et al; 2012²⁴24. Carneiro EB, Braga RT, Silva LFD, Noguera MC. Factors associated with heavy episodic drinking among medical students. Rev Bras Educ Med 2012; 36(4): 524-530. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-55022012000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-5502201200...	Private	Interior	Southeast	Survey	AUDIT	from 1^st to 8^th	436	74.1	82.4	68.1
Rocha et al; 2011²⁵25. Rocha LA, Lopes ACFMM, Martelli DRB, Lima VB, Martelli-Junior H. Alcohol use by medical students in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Rev Bras Educ Med 2011; 35(3): 369-375. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-55022011000300010 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-5502201100...	Both	Interior	Southeast	Cross sectional	AUDIT	from 1^st to 8^th	571	21.7	NA	NA
Pereira et al; 2008²⁶26. Pereira DS, Souza RS, Buaiz V, Siqueira MM. Psychoactive substance use among medicine students from Espírito Santo Federal University. J Bras Psiquiat 2008; 57(3): 188-195. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0047-20852008000300006 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0047-2085200800...	Public	Capital	Southeast	Cross sectional	WHO^e e WHO - World Health Organization.	from 1^st to 12^th	168	19.0	NA	NA

Subgroups	Publication (n)	Prevalence	95% Confidence Intervals	I² Statistics	P value ^a a Q Test of Cochran. bNot Applicable.
Region
North	n=1	28.00	23.00; 33.00	NA^b a Q Test of Cochran. bNot Applicable.	<0.01
Northeast	n=4	47.00	38.00; 56.00	90.00	<0.01
Southeast	n=7	45.00	28.00; 63.00	98.50	<0.01
South	n=2	65.00	60.00; 69.00	NA	<0.01
Location
Capital	n=5	37.00	26.00; 49.00	95.20	<0.01
Interior	n=8	52.00	38.00; 67.00	98.10	<0.01
Both	n=1	60.00	55.00; 65.00	NA	<0.01
Type of administration
Public	n=6	41.00	29.00; 53.00	96.50	<0.01
Private	n=5	61.00	50.00; 71.00	94.40	<0.01
Both	n=3	39.00	18.00; 62.00	97.60	<0.01
Year/publication
After 2015	n=9	54.00	47.00; 60.00	92.20	<0.01
Up to 2015	n=5	37.00	16.00; 60.00	98.90	<0.01

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