Evidence associated with patients |
Better outcome for general emergency patients3131. Mustafa M, Lutfi R, Alsaedi H, Castelluccio P, Pearson KJ, Montgomery EE, et al. Improvement of pediatric advanced airway management in general emergency departments after a collaborative intervention program. Respir Care. 2021;66:1866-75.; |
Better blood glucose control for pediatric patients; |
Reduction in weighted mortality adjusted to the risk of septic shock3232. Katznelson JH, Wang J, Stevens MW, Mills WA. Improving pediatric preparedness in critical access hospital emergency departments: impact of a longitudinal in situ simulation program. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2018;34:17-20.; |
Increase in the number of patients referred to the allergy unit3333. Barni S, Mori F, Giovannini M, Luca M de, Novembre E. In situ simulation in the management of anaphylaxis in a pediatric emergency department. Intern Emerg Med. 2019;14:127-32.; |
Better patient comfort in the emergency department3434. Surcouf JW, Chauvin SW, Ferry J, Yang T, Barkemeyer B. Enhancing residents’ neonatal resuscitation competency through unannounced simulation-based training. Med Educ Online. 2013;18:1-7.. |
Evidence associated with the professionals’ technical skills |
Improvement in pediatric airway management3535. Abu-Sultaneh S, Whitfill T, Rowan CM, Friedman ML, Pearson KJ, Berrens ZJ, et al. Improving simulated pediatric airway management in community emergency departments using a collaborative program with a pediatric academic medical center. Respir Care . 2019;64:1073-81.; |
Improved accuracy in recognizing signs and symptoms of patients with clinical deterioration and provision of effective initial interventions3636. Lee C, Mowry JL, Maycock SE, Colaianne-Wolfer ME, Knight SW, Wyse DM. The impact of hospital-based in situ simulation on nurses’ recognition and intervention of patient deterioration. J Nurses Prof Dev. 2019;35:18-24.; |
Increased adherence by professionals to different care guidelines1010. Lutgendorf MA, Spalding C, Drake E, Spence D, Heaton JO, Morocco KV. Multidisciplinary in situ simulation-based training as a postpartum hemorrhage quality improvement project. Mil Med. 2017;182:e1762-6.),(3737. Abulebda K, Whitfill T, Montgomery EE, Kirby ML, Ahmed RA, Cooper DD, et al. Improving pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis management in community emergency departments using a simulation-based collaborative improvement program. Pediatr Emerg Care . 2021 Nov 1;37(11):543-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000001751. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/...
),(3838. Saqe-Rockoff A, Ciardiello AV, Schubert FD. Low-fidelity, in-situ pediatric resuscitation simulation improves RN Competence and self-efficacy. J Emerg Nurs. 2019;45:538-44.e1.; |
Improvement in teamwork performance of professionals in resuscitation3939. Rubio-Gurung S, Putet G, Touzet S, Gauthier-Moulinier H, Jordan I, Beissel A, et al. In situ simulation training for neonatal resuscitation: an RCT. Pediatrics. 2014;134:e790-7)-(4242. Arul N, Ahmad I, Hamilton J, Sey R, Tillson P, Hutson S, et al. Lessons learned from a collaborative to develop a sustainable simulation-based training program in neonatal resuscitation: simulating success. Children. 2021;8(1):39. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/children8010039. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/...
; |
Improvement in the correct management of anaphylaxis3333. Barni S, Mori F, Giovannini M, Luca M de, Novembre E. In situ simulation in the management of anaphylaxis in a pediatric emergency department. Intern Emerg Med. 2019;14:127-32.; |
Improvement in trauma simulation assessment scores4343. Auerbach M, Roney L, Aysseh A, Gawel M, Koziel J, Barre K, et al. In situ pediatric trauma simulation: assessing the impact and feasibility of an interdisciplinary pediatric in situ trauma care quality improvement simulation program. Pediatr Emerg Care . 2014 Dec;30(12):884-91.; |
Improving teamwork in intubation4444. Wong KU, Gross I, Emerson BL, Goldman MP. Simulated airway drills as a tool to measure and guide improvements in endotracheal intubation preparation in the paediatric emergency department. BMJ Simul Technol Enhanc Learn . 2021;7:561-7.; |
Improvement in the performance of pediatric trauma care4545. Bayouth L, Ashley S, Brady J, Lake B, Keeter M, Schiller D, et al. An in-situ simulation-based educational outreach project for pediatric trauma care in a rural trauma system. J Pediatr Surg. 2018;53:367-71.; |
Improvement in the timely use of resources when responding to crises1313. Jee M, Khamoudes D, Brennan AM, O’Donnell J. Covid-19 outbreak response for an emergency department using in situ simulation. Cureus. 2020;12:e7876.),(4646. Gros E, Shi R, Hasty B, Anderson T, Schmiederer I, Roman-Micek T, et al. In situ interprofessional operating room simulations: empowering learners in crisis resource management principles. Surgery. 2021;170:432-9.; |
Improvement in levels of knowledge in ECMO4747. Chan SY, Figueroa M, Spentzas T, Powell A, Holloway R, Shah S. Prospective assessment of novice learners in a simulation-based Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) education program. Pediatr Cardiol. 2013;34:543-52. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00246-012-0490-6. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.10...
; |
Improved accuracy in recognizing signs and symptoms of patients with clinical deterioration and provision of effective initial interventions3636. Lee C, Mowry JL, Maycock SE, Colaianne-Wolfer ME, Knight SW, Wyse DM. The impact of hospital-based in situ simulation on nurses’ recognition and intervention of patient deterioration. J Nurses Prof Dev. 2019;35:18-24.; |
Evidence associated with the professionals’ non-technical skills |
They contributed to a significant improvement in professionals’ confidence in relation to the procedures4848. Calhoun AW, Boone MC, Dauer AK, Campbell DR, Montgomery VL. Using simulation to investigate the impact of hours worked on task performance in an intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care. 2014;23:387-95.)-(5050. Bullough AS, Wagner S, Boland T, Waters TP, Kim K, Adams W. Obstetric team simulation program challenges. J Clin Anesth. 2016;35:564-70.; |
Improved communication1313. Jee M, Khamoudes D, Brennan AM, O’Donnell J. Covid-19 outbreak response for an emergency department using in situ simulation. Cureus. 2020;12:e7876.),(4646. Gros E, Shi R, Hasty B, Anderson T, Schmiederer I, Roman-Micek T, et al. In situ interprofessional operating room simulations: empowering learners in crisis resource management principles. Surgery. 2021;170:432-9.),(5151. Clapper TC, Lee J, Phillips J, Rajwani K, Naik N, Ching K. Gibson’s theory of affordances and situational awareness occurring in urban departments of pediatrics, medicine, and emergency medicine. Educ Health. 2018;31:87-94.),(5252. Shi R, Marin-Nevarez P, Hasty B, Roman-Micek T, Hirx S, Anderson T, et al. Operating room in situ interprofessional simulation for improving communication and teamwork. J Surg Res. 2021;260:237-44.; |
Improved teamwork44. Villemure C, Georgescu LM, Tanoubi I, Dubé JN, Chiocchio F, Houle J. Examining perceptions from in situ simulation-based training on interprofessional collaboration during crisis event management in post-anesthesia care. J Interprof Care. 2019 Mar;33(2):182-9.),(2222. Patterson MD, Blike GT, Nadkarni VM. In situ simulation: challenges and results. In: Henriksen K, Battles JB, Keyes MA, Grady ML, editors. Advances in patient safety: new directions and alternative approaches. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2008.),(3232. Katznelson JH, Wang J, Stevens MW, Mills WA. Improving pediatric preparedness in critical access hospital emergency departments: impact of a longitudinal in situ simulation program. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2018;34:17-20.),(3939. Rubio-Gurung S, Putet G, Touzet S, Gauthier-Moulinier H, Jordan I, Beissel A, et al. In situ simulation training for neonatal resuscitation: an RCT. Pediatrics. 2014;134:e790-7),(5353. Jonsson K, Brulin C, Härgestam M, Lindkvist M, Hultin M. Do team and task performance improve after training situation awareness? A randomized controlled study of interprofessional intensive care teams. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2021;29:73.)-(5656. Qian J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Rong Q, Wei H. A survey of the first-hour basic care tasks of severe sepsis and septic shock in pediatric patients and an evaluation of medical simulation on improving the compliance of the tasks. J Emerg Med. 2016;50:239-45.; |
Improvement in leadership capacity5757. Monette DL, Hegg DD, Chyn A, Gordon JA, Takayesu JK. A guide for medical educators: how to design and implement in situ simulation in an academic emergency department to support interprofessional education. Cureus . 2021 May;13(5):e14965. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.14965. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.77...
)-(5959. Jonsson K, Brulin C, Härgestam M, Lindkvist M, Hultin M. Do team and task performance improve after training situation awareness? A randomized controlled study of interprofessional intensive care teams. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med . 2021;29:73.; |
Improvement in interprofessional collaboration6060. Rød I, Kynø NM, Solevåg AL. From simulation room to clinical practice: postgraduate neonatal nursing students’ transfer of learning from in-situ resuscitation simulation with interprofessional team to clinical practice. Nurse Educ Pract. 2021;52:102994.; |
Improves the identification of professionals’ roles4949. Uttley E, Suggitt D, Baxter D, Jafar W. Multiprofessional in situ simulation is an effective method of identifying latent patient safety threats on the gastroenterology ward. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2020;11:351-7.; |
Improving team familiarity with devices, equipment and environment6161. Monesi A, Imbriaco G, Mazzoli CA, Giugni A, Ferrari P. In-situ simulation for intensive care nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy: advantages and challenges. Clin Simul Nurs . 2022 Jan;62:52-6.; |
Improvement in the professionals’ emotional response6262. Contreras M, Curran E, Ross M, Moran P, Sheehan A, Brennan AM, et al. Rapid development of interprofessional in situ simulation-based training in response to the Covid-19 outbreak in a tertiary-level hospital in Ireland: initial response and lessons for future disaster preparation. BMJ Simul Technol Enhanc Learn . 2021;7:159-62.; |
Improvement in the professionals’ comfort and satisfaction5050. Bullough AS, Wagner S, Boland T, Waters TP, Kim K, Adams W. Obstetric team simulation program challenges. J Clin Anesth. 2016;35:564-70.),(6363. Earle D, Betti D, Scala E. Development of a rapid response plan for intraoperative emergencies: the circulate, scrub, and technical assistance team. Am J Surg. 2017;213:181-6.. |
Evidence associated with patient safety |
Improvement in the identification of latent safety threats in the clinical care environment1313. Jee M, Khamoudes D, Brennan AM, O’Donnell J. Covid-19 outbreak response for an emergency department using in situ simulation. Cureus. 2020;12:e7876.),(4646. Gros E, Shi R, Hasty B, Anderson T, Schmiederer I, Roman-Micek T, et al. In situ interprofessional operating room simulations: empowering learners in crisis resource management principles. Surgery. 2021;170:432-9.),(4949. Uttley E, Suggitt D, Baxter D, Jafar W. Multiprofessional in situ simulation is an effective method of identifying latent patient safety threats on the gastroenterology ward. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2020;11:351-7.),(6464. Barbeito A, Bonifacio A, Holtschneider M, Segall N, Schroeder R, Mark J, et al. In situ simulated cardiac arrest exercises to detect system vulnerabilities. Simul Healthc . 2015;10:154-62.-(7070. Sørensen JL, Lottrup P, Vleuten C van der, Andersen KS, Simonsen M, Emmersen P, et al. Unannounced in situ simulation of obstetric emergencies: staff perceptions and organisational impact. Postgrad Med J . 2014 Nov;90(1069):622-9.; |
Promotes a culture of patient safety2222. Patterson MD, Blike GT, Nadkarni VM. In situ simulation: challenges and results. In: Henriksen K, Battles JB, Keyes MA, Grady ML, editors. Advances in patient safety: new directions and alternative approaches. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2008.),(4242. Arul N, Ahmad I, Hamilton J, Sey R, Tillson P, Hutson S, et al. Lessons learned from a collaborative to develop a sustainable simulation-based training program in neonatal resuscitation: simulating success. Children. 2021;8(1):39. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/children8010039. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/...
),(7171. Hinde T, Gale T, Anderson I, Roberts M, Sice P. A study to assess the influence of interprofessional point of care simulation training on safety culture in the operating theatre environment of a university teaching hospital. J Interprof Care . 2016;30:251-3.)-(7575. Kahwati LC, Sorensen AV, Teixeira-Poit S, Jacobs S, Sommerness SA, Miller KK, et al. Impact of the agency for healthcare research and quality’s safety program for perinatal care. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2019 Apr;45(4):231-40.; |
It makes it possible to mitigate risks to patient safety22. Petrosoniak A, Ryzynski A, Lebovic G, Woolfrey K. Cricothyroidotomy in Situ Simulation Curriculum (CRIC Study): training residents for rare procedures. Simul Healthc. 2017 Apr;12(2):76-82.),(44. Villemure C, Georgescu LM, Tanoubi I, Dubé JN, Chiocchio F, Houle J. Examining perceptions from in situ simulation-based training on interprofessional collaboration during crisis event management in post-anesthesia care. J Interprof Care. 2019 Mar;33(2):182-9.),(6464. Barbeito A, Bonifacio A, Holtschneider M, Segall N, Schroeder R, Mark J, et al. In situ simulated cardiac arrest exercises to detect system vulnerabilities. Simul Healthc . 2015;10:154-62.),(6767. Kalidindi S, Kirk M, Griffith E. In-situ simulation enhances emergency preparedness in pediatric care practices. Cureus . 2018 Oct 1º;10(10):e3389. doi: https://doi.org /10.7759/cureus.3389. https://doi.org/https://doi.org /10.7759...
),(7676. Fan M, Petrosoniak A, Pinkney S, Hicks C, White K, Almeida APSS, et al. Study protocol for a framework analysis using video review to identify latent safety threats: trauma resuscitation using in situ simulation team training (TRUST). BMJ Open . 2016;6:e013683.)-(7979. Gangadharan S, Tiyyagura G, Gawel M, Walsh BM, Brown LL, Lavoie M, et al. A grounded theory qualitative analysis of interprofessional providers’ perceptions on caring for critically ill infants and children in pediatric and general emergency departments. Pediatr Emerg Care . 2018;34:578-83.; |
Identify areas that require additional education to improve patient safety7272. Brown KM, Mudd SS, Perretta JS, Dodson A, Hunt EA, McMillan KN. Rapid cycle deliberate practice to facilitate “nano” in situ simulation: an interprofessional approach to just-in-time training. Crit Care Nurse. 2021;41:e1-8.),(8080. Nadir NA, Kim J, Cassara M, Hrdy M, Zaveri P, Wong AH, et al. Simulation-based emergency medicine education in the era of physical distancing. AEM Educ Train. 2021;5:e10586.; |
Provides an environment to safely train interventions7272. Brown KM, Mudd SS, Perretta JS, Dodson A, Hunt EA, McMillan KN. Rapid cycle deliberate practice to facilitate “nano” in situ simulation: an interprofessional approach to just-in-time training. Crit Care Nurse. 2021;41:e1-8.),(8181. Hall A, Kawai K, Graber K, Spencer G, Roussin C, Weinstock P, et al. Acoustic analysis of surgeons’ voices to assess change in the stress response during surgical in situ simulation. BMJ Simul Technol Enhanc Learn . 2021;7:471-7.),(8282. Kurosawa H, Ikeyama T, Achuff P, Perkel M, Watson C, Monachino A, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of in situ Pediatric Advanced Life Support recertification (“Pediatric Advanced Life Support reconstructed”) compared with standard Pediatric Advanced Life Support recertification for ICU frontline providers. Crit Care Med. 2014;42:610-8.. |
Evidence associated with the teaching-learning process. |
Adequate use of educational resources8383. Bredmose PP, Hagemo J, Østergaard D, Sollid S. Combining in-situ simulation and live HEMS mission facilitator observation: a flexible learning concept. BMC Med Educ . 2021;21:579.; |
Better learning results6161. Monesi A, Imbriaco G, Mazzoli CA, Giugni A, Ferrari P. In-situ simulation for intensive care nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy: advantages and challenges. Clin Simul Nurs . 2022 Jan;62:52-6.),(8383. Bredmose PP, Hagemo J, Østergaard D, Sollid S. Combining in-situ simulation and live HEMS mission facilitator observation: a flexible learning concept. BMC Med Educ . 2021;21:579.-(8585. George KL, Quatrara B. Interprofessional simulations promote knowledge retention and enhance perceptions of teamwork skills in a surgical-trauma-burn intensive care unit setting. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2018;37:144-55.; |
Enables interprofessional education5757. Monette DL, Hegg DD, Chyn A, Gordon JA, Takayesu JK. A guide for medical educators: how to design and implement in situ simulation in an academic emergency department to support interprofessional education. Cureus . 2021 May;13(5):e14965. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.14965. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.77...
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Allows adults to learn in a safe environment3636. Lee C, Mowry JL, Maycock SE, Colaianne-Wolfer ME, Knight SW, Wyse DM. The impact of hospital-based in situ simulation on nurses’ recognition and intervention of patient deterioration. J Nurses Prof Dev. 2019;35:18-24.; |
Reliable to evaluate the professionals’ clinical performance6666. Shah SJ, Cusumano C, Ahmed S, Ma A, Jafri FN, Yang CJ. In situ simulation to assess pediatric tracheostomy care safety: a novel multicenter quality improvement program. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 Aug;163(2):250-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820923659. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/...
),(8686. Brogaard L, Hvidman L, Hinshaw K, Kierkegaard O, Manser T, Musaeus P, et al. Development of the TeamOBS-PPH - targeting clinical performance in postpartum hemorrhage. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97:677-87.; |
Allows simulation training with few resources7777. Gupta N, Sones A, Powell M, Robbins J, Wilson S, Hill A, et al. Quality improvement methodology to optimize safe early mobility in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Qual Saf. 2021;6:e369. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pq9.0000000000000369. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.10...
),(7272. Brown KM, Mudd SS, Perretta JS, Dodson A, Hunt EA, McMillan KN. Rapid cycle deliberate practice to facilitate “nano” in situ simulation: an interprofessional approach to just-in-time training. Crit Care Nurse. 2021;41:e1-8.),(8787. Vail B, Spindler H, Morgan MC, Cohen SR, Christmas A, Sah P, et al. Care of the mother-infant dyad: a novel approach to conducting and evaluating neonatal resuscitation simulation training in Bihar, India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17:252.),(8888. Saqe-Rockoff A, Ciardiello AV, Schubert FD. Low-Fidelity, In-Situ Pediatric Resuscitation Simulation Improves RN Competence and Self-Efficacy. J Emerg Nurs . 2019;45:538-44.e1.. |