A survey of necrophagous blowflies (Diptera: Oestroidea) in the Amazonas-Negro interfluvial region (Brazilian Amazon)

Amat, Eduardo; Marinho, Marco Antonio Tonus; Rafael, José Albertino

doi:10.1016/j.rbe.2015.10.002

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Biology, Ecology and Diversity • Rev. Bras. entomol. 60 (1) • Jan-Mar 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.10.002 copy

A survey of necrophagous blowflies (Diptera: Oestroidea) in the Amazonas-Negro interfluvial region (Brazilian Amazon)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The fauna of blowflies (Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae) in three localities of primary Amazon forest coverage in the Amazonas-Negro interfluvial region was assessed. A total of 5066 blowflies were collected, with Chloroprocta idiodea being the most abundant species (66.3%). A difference in species richness between the localities ZF2 and Novo Airão was observed. Comparison among sampled sites revealed no considerable variation in fauna composition, except for the species Eumesembrinella benoisti (Séguy 1925) and Hemilucilia sp., whose occurrence was observed only in a single locality. Apparently, Amazon rivers are not efficient geographical barriers to influence the current composition of necrophagous blowfly assemblages. Also, most of the blowfly species did not show a noticeable specificity for any specific forest among the interfluvial areas of the ombrophilous forest. Finally, an updated checklist of necrophagous blowfly species of the Amazonas state in Brazil is presented.

Keywords:
Blowfly assemblage; Calliphoridae; Diversity; Forensic entomology; Mesembrinellidae

Site	Nt	Ns	Ni	ICE	Chao1	Jack1	Mean ± SD	%
Careiro Castanho	4	11	550	11.43	11	11.75	11.4 ± 0.4	96.5
Novo Airão	6	12	1031	12.41	12	12.83	12.4 ± 0.4	96.7
ZF2	7	11	3479	11.43	11	11.86	11.4 ± 0.4	96.2
Complete area	17	13	5060	13.32	13	13.94	13.4 ± 0.5	96.9

	Taxon	Sites sampled in this study	Municipality	Locality	Bait	Reference
Calliphoridae
	Chrysomyiinae
	Chloroprocta idiodea (Robineau-Desvoidy 1830)	All	Ca, Co, Mao, NvA,	RFAD, Urucu	Cow, pig, fish and chicken viscera	Paraluppi (1996)Paraluppi, N.D., 1996. Calliphoridae (Diptera) in the Alto Urucu river basin, Central Amazonian, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 13, 553-559. , Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584. , Ururahy-Rodrigues et al. (2013)Ururahy-Rodrigues, A., Rafael, J.A., Pujol-Luz, J.R., 2013. Temporal distribution of blowflies of forensic importance (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in man-size domestic pigs carcasses, in the Forest Reserve Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6, 9-22.
	Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann 1819)	All	Ca, Co, Mao, NvA,	RFAD, Urucu	Cow, pig, fish and chicken viscera	Paraluppi (1996)Paraluppi, N.D., 1996. Calliphoridae (Diptera) in the Alto Urucu river basin, Central Amazonian, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 13, 553-559. , Barros-Souza et al. (2012)Barros-Souza, A.S., Ferreira-Keppler, R.L., Agra, D., 2012. Development period of forensic importance Calliphoridae (Diptera: Brachycera) in a urban area under natural conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 5, 88-92. , Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584. , Ururahy-Rodrigues et al. (2013)Ururahy-Rodrigues, A., Rafael, J.A., Pujol-Luz, J.R., 2013. Temporal distribution of blowflies of forensic importance (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in man-size domestic pigs carcasses, in the Forest Reserve Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6, 9-22.
	Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius 1794)	Careiro, Novo Airão	Ca, Co, Mao, NvA,	RFAD, Urucu	Cow, pig, fish and chicken viscera	Paraluppi and Castellón (1993)Paraluppi, N.D., Castellón, E.G., 1993. Calliphoridae (Diptera) em Manaus, Amazonas. II. Padrão de atividade de vôo em cinco espécies. Rev. Bras. Zool. 10, 665-672. , Paraluppi (1996)Paraluppi, N.D., 1996. Calliphoridae (Diptera) in the Alto Urucu river basin, Central Amazonian, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 13, 553-559. , Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584. , Barros-Souza et al. (2012)Barros-Souza, A.S., Ferreira-Keppler, R.L., Agra, D., 2012. Development period of forensic importance Calliphoridae (Diptera: Brachycera) in a urban area under natural conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 5, 88-92.
	Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann 1818)	All	Ca, Co, Mao, NvA,	Manaus city, Urucu	Cow, pig, fish and chicken viscera	Paraluppi and Castellón (1993)Paraluppi, N.D., Castellón, E.G., 1993. Calliphoridae (Diptera) em Manaus, Amazonas. II. Padrão de atividade de vôo em cinco espécies. Rev. Bras. Zool. 10, 665-672. , Paraluppi (1996)Paraluppi, N.D., 1996. Calliphoridae (Diptera) in the Alto Urucu river basin, Central Amazonian, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 13, 553-559.
	Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius 1775)	All	Ca, Co, Mao, NvA,	Manaus city, Urucu	Cow, pig, fish and chicken viscera	Paraluppi and Castellón (1993)Paraluppi, N.D., Castellón, E.G., 1993. Calliphoridae (Diptera) em Manaus, Amazonas. II. Padrão de atividade de vôo em cinco espécies. Rev. Bras. Zool. 10, 665-672. , Paraluppi (1996)Paraluppi, N.D., 1996. Calliphoridae (Diptera) in the Alto Urucu river basin, Central Amazonian, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 13, 553-559. , Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584. , Ururahy-Rodrigues et al. (2013)Ururahy-Rodrigues, A., Rafael, J.A., Pujol-Luz, J.R., 2013. Temporal distribution of blowflies of forensic importance (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in man-size domestic pigs carcasses, in the Forest Reserve Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6, 9-22.
	Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius 1805)	All	Ca, Co, Mao, NvA,	Manaus city, Urucu	Cow, pig, fish and chicken viscera	Paraluppi (1996)Paraluppi, N.D., 1996. Calliphoridae (Diptera) in the Alto Urucu river basin, Central Amazonian, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 13, 553-559. , Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584. , Barros-Souza et al. (2012)Barros-Souza, A.S., Ferreira-Keppler, R.L., Agra, D., 2012. Development period of forensic importance Calliphoridae (Diptera: Brachycera) in a urban area under natural conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 5, 88-92. , Ururahy-Rodrigues et al. (2013)Ururahy-Rodrigues, A., Rafael, J.A., Pujol-Luz, J.R., 2013. Temporal distribution of blowflies of forensic importance (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in man-size domestic pigs carcasses, in the Forest Reserve Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6, 9-22.
	Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani 1850)	All	Ca, Co, Mao, NvA,	Manaus city, Urucu	Cow, pig, fish and chicken viscera	Paraluppi (1996)Paraluppi, N.D., 1996. Calliphoridae (Diptera) in the Alto Urucu river basin, Central Amazonian, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 13, 553-559. , Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584. , Ururahy-Rodrigues et al. (2013)Ururahy-Rodrigues, A., Rafael, J.A., Pujol-Luz, J.R., 2013. Temporal distribution of blowflies of forensic importance (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in man-size domestic pigs carcasses, in the Forest Reserve Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6, 9-22.
	Hemilucilia souzalopesi (Mello 1972)	–	Mao	Manaus city	Pig	Ururahy-Rodrigues et al. (2013)Ururahy-Rodrigues, A., Rafael, J.A., Pujol-Luz, J.R., 2013. Temporal distribution of blowflies of forensic importance (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in man-size domestic pigs carcasses, in the Forest Reserve Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6, 9-22.
	Hemilucilia sp.	ZF2	Mao	ZF2	Fish and chicken viscera	This study
	Paralucilia paraensis (Mello 1969)	All	Mao, Co	Manaus city, Urucu	Cow, pig, fish and chicken viscera	Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584. , Barros-Souza et al. (2012)Barros-Souza, A.S., Ferreira-Keppler, R.L., Agra, D., 2012. Development period of forensic importance Calliphoridae (Diptera: Brachycera) in a urban area under natural conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 5, 88-92.
	Paralucilia sp.	–	Mao	RFAD	Pig	Ururahy-Rodrigues et al. (2013)Ururahy-Rodrigues, A., Rafael, J.A., Pujol-Luz, J.R., 2013. Temporal distribution of blowflies of forensic importance (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in man-size domestic pigs carcasses, in the Forest Reserve Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6, 9-22.

	Luciliinae
	Lucilia albofusca (Whitworth 2014)	–	Mao	RFAD	Flight trap	Whitworth (2014)Whitworth, T., 2014. A revision of the neotropical species of Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Zootaxa 3810, 1-76.
	Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann 1819)	All	Ca, Co, Mao, NvA,	Manaus city, RFAD, Urucu	Cow, pig, fish and chicken viscera	Paraluppi (1996)Paraluppi, N.D., 1996. Calliphoridae (Diptera) in the Alto Urucu river basin, Central Amazonian, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 13, 553-559. , Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584. , Barros-Souza et al. (2012)Barros-Souza, A.S., Ferreira-Keppler, R.L., Agra, D., 2012. Development period of forensic importance Calliphoridae (Diptera: Brachycera) in a urban area under natural conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 5, 88-92. , Ururahy-Rodrigues et al. (2013)Ururahy-Rodrigues, A., Rafael, J.A., Pujol-Luz, J.R., 2013. Temporal distribution of blowflies of forensic importance (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in man-size domestic pigs carcasses, in the Forest Reserve Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6, 9-22.

Mesembrinellidae
	Eumesembrinella benoisti (Séguy, 1925)	Novo Airão	Ca, Mao, NvA,	RFAD	Pig, fish and chicken viscera	Ururahy-Rodrigues et al. (2013)Ururahy-Rodrigues, A., Rafael, J.A., Pujol-Luz, J.R., 2013. Temporal distribution of blowflies of forensic importance (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in man-size domestic pigs carcasses, in the Forest Reserve Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6, 9-22.
	Eumesembrinella quadrilineata (Fabricius 1805)	–	Co	Urucu	Cow viscera	Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584.
	Eumesembrinella randa (Walker 1849)	All	Ca, Co, Mao, NvA,	Urucu	Cow, fish and chicken viscera	Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584.
	Mesembrinella batesi (Aldrich 1922)	–	Co	Urucu	Cow viscera	Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584.
	Mesembrinella bellardiana (Aldrich 1922)	All	Ca, Co, Mao, NvA,	Urucu	Cow, fish and chicken viscera	Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584.
	Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius 1805)	–	Co	Urucu	Cow viscera	Esposito et al. (2010)Esposito, M.C., Sousa, J.R.P., Carvalho-Filho, F.S., 2010. Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) na Base de Extração Petrolífera da Bacia do Rio Urucu, na Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amaz. 40, 579-584.

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:ecamat@gmail.com (E. Amat).