Figure 1
Glossary for basic external morphology of Cephalotes. A: Workers. B: Male head. C: Soldiers head morphotypes (black: frontal carinae, green: vertex, pink: vertexal corners, blue: median-vertexal teeth). D: Soldier promesonotum. E: Gyne mesosoma. F: Basic hair types. G: Wing venation (a: forewing, b: hindwing). ac: antennal condyle, aeg: anterior lamellar expansions of gaster, amm: anterior margin of mesoscutum, amp: anterior margin of petiole, as: antennal socket, atp: anterior tentorial pit, ax: axilla, cl: clypeus, dep: declivous face of propodeum, dop: dorsal face of propodeum, ey: eye, fc: frontal carina, fl: frontal lobe, gs: gastral spots, Igt: gastral tergite I, IIgt: gastral tergite II, IIIgt: gastral tergite III, IVgt: gastral tergite IV, lmp: lateral margin of petiole, lpn: lateral expansions of pronotum, lpp: lateral expansions of propodeum, me: mesoscutum, oc: ocelli, pa: propodeal angle, pc: pronotal carina, pd: pedicel, pl: parapsidial lines, pmg: promesonotal groove, pns: pronotal spines, ppg: propodeal groove, sc: scutellum, sfs: second funicular segment, sg: scutoscutellar groove, sp: scape, tl: transscutal line, vc: vertexal corner, vx: vertex.
Figure 2
Workers of Cephalotes. A: C. atratus (atratus group) [CASENT0178627]. B: C. depressus (depressus group) [CASENT0173671]. C and F: C. pusillus (pusillus group) [CASENT0173703]. D and I: C. pellans (pallens group) [CASENT0173697]. E: C. solidus (solidus group). G: C. cordatus (depressus group) [CASENT0922596]. H: C. frigidus (angustus group) [UFV-LABECOL-004442]. J: C. basalis (basalis group). K: C. grandinosus (grandinosus group) [CASENT0922544]. L: C. maculatus (pinelii group) [CASENT0909295]. M: C. trichophorus (coffeae group). N and R: C. conspersus (angustus group) [R: CASENT0922530]. O: C. clypeatus (clypeatus group) [CASENT0173669]. P: C. umbraculatus (umbraculatus group) [CASENT0922582]. Q: C. jheringi (fiebrigi group). fle: femoral lamellar expansions. ge: gastral expansions. pd: posterodorsal spine. ple: propodeal lamellar expansions. ps: propodeal spine. pv: posteroventral spine. vle: vertexal lamellar expansions.
Figure 3
Soldiers of Cephalotes. A: C. decoloratus (pallens group) [CASENT0909299]. B: C. angustus (angustus group) [CASENT0909276]. C: C. basalis (basalis group). D and I: C. minutus (pusillus group) [CASENT0173691]. E: C. quadratus (fiebrigi group) [CASENT0173705]. F and P: C. umbraculatus (umbraculatus group) [CASENT0922582]. G and O: C. targionii (angustus group) [CASENT0173708]. H: C. nilpiei (pinelii group). J: C. borgmeieri (depressus group) [CASENT0173664]. K: C. grandinosus (grandinosus group). L: C. pinelii (pinelii group). M: C. jheringi (fiebrigi group). N: C. clypeatus (clypeatus group) [CASENT0173669].
Figure 4
Workers of angustus group. A: C. notatus. B and H: C. goeldii [H: CASENT0922535]. C: C. adolphi [CASENT0904906]. D and I: C. targionii [D: CASENT0173661, I: CASENT0922537]. E and M: C. angustus [E: CASENT0909277]. F: C. frigidus. G and J: C. conspersus [J: CASENT0922530]. K and N: C. monicaulyssea. L: C. gabicamacho. O: C. pallidicephalus. P: C. marycorn.
Figure 5
Soldiers of angustus group. A: C. frigidus. B: C. goeldii. C, F, M and O: C. angustus [C: CASENT0909276]. D: C. targionii [CASENT0922536]. E and I: C. gabicamacho. G and K: C. adolphi. H: C. notatus [CASENT0919600]. J: C. goeldii. L: C. pallidicephalus. N and P: C. monicaulyssea.
Figure 6
Soldier of Cephalotes adolphi. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 7
Gyne of Cephalotes adolphi. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 8
Worker of Cephalotes gabicamacho. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 9
Soldier of Cephalotes gabicamacho. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 10
Gyne of Cephalotes gabicamacho. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 11
Worker of Cephalotes marycorn. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Manga.
Figure 12
Worker of Cephalotes monicaulyssea. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 13
Soldier of Cephalotes monicaulyssea. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 14
Gyne of Cephalotes monicaulyssea. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 15
Distribution maps of angustus group in Brazil “part 1”. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source: 4, 13, 30).
Figure 16
Distribution maps of
angustus group in Brazil “part 2”. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1414 Delabie, J. H. C., Paim, V. R. L. D. M., Nascimento, I. C., Campiolo, S., Mariano, C. D. S. F., 2006. As formigas como indicadores biológicos do impacto humano em manguezais da costa sudeste da Bahia. Neotrop. Entomol. 35 (5), 602-615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2006000500006.
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4040 Neves, F. S., Queiroz-Dantas, K. S., da Rocha, W. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2013. Ants of three adjacent habitats of a transition region between the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes: the effects of heterogeneity and variation in Canopy Cover. Neotrop. Entomol. 42 (3), 258-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0123-7.
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4747 Reis, P. C. J., Darocha, W. D., Falcão, L. A. D., Guerra, T. J., Neves, F. S., 2013. Ant fauna on Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (urticaceae) trees in an atlantic forest area, southeastern Brazil. Sociobiology 60 (3), 222-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v60i3.222-228.
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4848 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., 2007. Ant communities, environmental characteristics and their implications for conservation in the Brazilian Pantanal. Biodivers. Conserv. 16 (5), 1511-1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9041-x.
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4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
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5656 Santos, R. D. J., Koch, E. B. A., Leite, C. M. P., Porto, T. J., Delabie, J. H. C., 2017. An assessment of leaf-litter and epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) living in different landscapes of the Atlantic Forest Biome in the State of Bahia, Brazil. J. Insect Biodivers. 5 (19), 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.19.
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6464 Guerra Sobrinho, T., Schoereder, J. H., 2007. Edge and shape effects on ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) species richness and composition in forest fragments. Biodivers. Conserv. 16 (5), 1459-1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9011-3.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-901...
).
Figure 17
Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627]. B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839]. E: C. serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C. placidus.
Figure 18
Distribution maps of
atratus group in Brazil. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
11 Araújo, L. M., Fernandes, G. W., 2003. Altitudinal patterns in a tropical ant assemblage and variation in species richness between habitats. Lundiana 4, 103-109.,
44 Camacho, G. P., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2015. Ants of the Panga Ecological Station, a Cerrado reserve in Central Brazil. Sociobiology 62 (2), 281-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.281-295.
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,
55 Campos, R. I., Lopes, C. T., Magalhães, W. C. S., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2008. Estratificação vertical de formigas em Cerrado strictu sensu no Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas, Goiás, Brasil. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 98 (3), 311-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212008000300004.
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88 Castro, G. H. P., Kayano, D. Y., Souza, R. F., Hilsdorf, A. W. S., Feitosa, R. M., Morini, M. S. C., 2017. Seasonal patterns of the foraging ecology of Myrmelachista arthuri Forel, 1903 (Formicidae: formicinae). Sociobiology 64 (3), 237-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v64i3.1629.
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1111 Costa-Milanez, C., Lourenço-Silva, G., Castro, P., Majer, J., Ribeiro, S., 2014. Are ant assemblages of Brazilian veredas characterised by location or habitat type? Braz. J. Biol. 74 (1), 89-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.17612.
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1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
2222 Golias, H. C., Lopes, J., Delabie, J. H., De Azevedo, F., 2018. Diversity of ants in citrus orchards and in a forest fragment in Southern Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 11 (1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i1.703.
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2323 Gomes, E. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Souza, T. M. S., Sousa-Souto, L., 2014. Ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three different stages of forest regeneration in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Sergipe, Brazil. Sociobiology 61 (3), 250-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v61i3.250-257.
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3434 Marques, G. D. V., Del-Claro, K., 2006. The ant fauna in a cerrado area: The influence of vegetation structure and seasonality (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 47, 235-252.,
3636 Melo, T. da S., Peres, M. C. L., Chavari, J. L., Brescovit, A. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2014. Ants (Formicidae) and spiders (Araneae) listed from the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Brazil. Check List 10 (2), 355-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355.
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3737 Miranda, P. N., Oliveira, M. A., Baccaro, F. B., Morato, E. F., Delabie, J. H. C., 2012. Check list of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the eastern Acre, Amazon, Brazil. Check List 8 (4), 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.4.722.
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4242 Oliveira, M. A., Delia Lucia, T. M. C., Marinho, C. G. S., Delabie, J. H. C., Morato, E. R., 2009. Ant diversity in an area of the Amazon Forest in acre, Brazil. Sociobiology 54, 243-267.,
4343 Paolucci, L. N., Schoereder, J. H., Brando, P. M., Andersen, A. N., 2017. Fire-induced forest transition to derived savannas: cascading effects on ant communities. Biol. Conserv. 214, 295-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.020.
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4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
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5151 Santos-Silva, L., Vicente, R. E., Feitosa, R. M., 2016. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of forest fragments and urban areas in a meridional amazonian landscape. Check List 12 (3), 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.3.1885.
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5252 Santos, J. C., Delabie, J. H. C., Fernandes, G. W., 2008. A 15-year post evaluation of the fire effects on ant community in an area of Amazonian forest. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 52 (1), 82-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262008000100015.
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5454 Santos, M. P. C. J., Carrano-Moreira, A. F., Torres, J. B., 2012. Diversidade de formigas epigeicas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em floresta ombrófila densa e em cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, no município de Igarassu, PE. Agraria 7 (4), 648-656. http://dx.doi.org/10.5039/agraria.v7i4a1927.
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5757 Santos, R. S., Delabie, J. H. C., 2018. Epigaeic Ants in a Forest Remnant in the State of Acre, Brazil and New Records for the State. Braz. J. Agric. 93 (1), 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v93i1.3300.
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6161 Silvestre, R., Roberto, C., Brandão, F., Rosa, R., 2014. Grupos funcionales de hormigas: el caso de los gremios del Cerrado. In: Fernandez, F. (Ed.), Introducción a las hormigas de la región neotropical. Instituto Humboldt, Bogotá.,
6363 Soares, S. A., Suarez, Y. R., Fernandes, W. D., Tenório, P. M. S., Delabie, J. H. C., Antonialli-Junior, W. F., 2013. Temporal variation in the composition of ant assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) on trees in the Pantanal floodplain, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (1), 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013000100013.
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,
6868 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Landeiro, V. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Fernandes, I. O., 2016. Taxonomic sufficiency and indicator taxa reduce sampling costs and increase monitoring effectiveness for ants. Divers. Distrib. 22 (1), 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371.
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6969 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., 2018. Effectiveness of genera as a higher-taxon substitute for species in ant biodiversity analyses is not affected by sampling technique. Biodivers. Conserv. 27 (13), 3425-3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1607-x.
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7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
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,
7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
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7575 Vicente, R. E., Prado, L. P., Izzo, T. J., 2016. Amazon rainforest ant-fauna of Parque Estadual do Cristalino: understory and ground-dwelling ants. Sociobiology 63 (3), 894-908. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i3.1043.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
).
Figure 19
Workers of basalis group. A, D and F: C. complanatus [D: CASENT0922595]. B: C. basalis. C: C. cordiae [CASENT0919596]. E: C. ramiphilus.
Figure 20
Soldiers of basalis group. A: C. cordiae [FOCOL2143]. B and D: C. complanatus. C, E and F: C. basalis. G: C. ramiphilus [CASENT0909261].
Figure 21
Distribution maps of
basalis group in Brazil. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1212 Silva de Oliveira, A. B., Schmidt, F. A., 2019. Ant assemblages of Brazil nut trees Bertholletia excelsa in forest and pasture habitats in the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Biodivers. Conserv. 28 (2), 329-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1657-0.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-165...
,
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.20...
).
Figure 22
Workers and soldiers of clypeatus group. A: C. clypeatus [CASENT0173669]. B: C. membranaceus [FOCOL2117]. C: C. ustus.
Figure 23
Distribution maps of
clypeatus group in Brazil. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
44 Camacho, G. P., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2015. Ants of the Panga Ecological Station, a Cerrado reserve in Central Brazil. Sociobiology 62 (2), 281-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.281-295.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
,
1212 Silva de Oliveira, A. B., Schmidt, F. A., 2019. Ant assemblages of Brazil nut trees Bertholletia excelsa in forest and pasture habitats in the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Biodivers. Conserv. 28 (2), 329-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1657-0.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-165...
,
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1515 Demétrio, M. F., Silvestre, R., Souza, P. R., Aoki, C., 2017. Inventário da fauna de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 107 (Suppl.), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017126.
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,
2020 Fonseca, A. R., Campos, R. B. F., Silva, G. F., 2015. Formigas em Carcaças de Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) em uma Área de Cerrado no Sudeste do Brasil: riqueza e Abundância. EntomoBrasilis 8 (1), 74-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i1.460.
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,
3434 Marques, G. D. V., Del-Claro, K., 2006. The ant fauna in a cerrado area: The influence of vegetation structure and seasonality (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 47, 235-252.,
3737 Miranda, P. N., Oliveira, M. A., Baccaro, F. B., Morato, E. F., Delabie, J. H. C., 2012. Check list of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the eastern Acre, Amazon, Brazil. Check List 8 (4), 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.4.722.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.4.722...
,
4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/201...
,
4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.20...
,
6161 Silvestre, R., Roberto, C., Brandão, F., Rosa, R., 2014. Grupos funcionales de hormigas: el caso de los gremios del Cerrado. In: Fernandez, F. (Ed.), Introducción a las hormigas de la región neotropical. Instituto Humboldt, Bogotá.,
6262 Soares, S. A., Antonialli-Junior, W. F., Lima-Junior, S. E., 2010. Diversidade de formigas epigéicas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em dois ambientes no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 54 (1), 76-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262010000100009.
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,
6363 Soares, S. A., Suarez, Y. R., Fernandes, W. D., Tenório, P. M. S., Delabie, J. H. C., Antonialli-Junior, W. F., 2013. Temporal variation in the composition of ant assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) on trees in the Pantanal floodplain, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (1), 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013000100013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
,
6868 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Landeiro, V. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Fernandes, I. O., 2016. Taxonomic sufficiency and indicator taxa reduce sampling costs and increase monitoring effectiveness for ants. Divers. Distrib. 22 (1), 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371...
,
7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
).
Figure 24
Distribution map of coffeae group in Brazil. Black circle: material examined. Red square: new record.
Figure 25
Workers and soldiers of depressus group. A and E: C. borgmeieri [E: CASENT0173665]. B and F: C. cordatus [CASENT0922596]. G, I and M: C. pavonii [G: CASENT0922611]. C, K and O: C. depressus [C, O: CASENT0173671, K: CASENT0909272]. D: C. palustris [UFV-LABECOL-004489]. H and L: C. betoi. J and N: C. eduarduli [CASENT0173676].
Figure 26
Distribution maps of
depressus group in Brazil. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
44 Camacho, G. P., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2015. Ants of the Panga Ecological Station, a Cerrado reserve in Central Brazil. Sociobiology 62 (2), 281-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.281-295.
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99 Christianini, A. V., Mayhé-Nunes, A. J., Oliveira, P. S., 2012. Exploitation of fallen diaspores by ants: are there ant-plant partner choices? Biotropica 44 (3), 360-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00822.x.
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1111 Costa-Milanez, C., Lourenço-Silva, G., Castro, P., Majer, J., Ribeiro, S., 2014. Are ant assemblages of Brazilian veredas characterised by location or habitat type? Braz. J. Biol. 74 (1), 89-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.17612.
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1212 Silva de Oliveira, A. B., Schmidt, F. A., 2019. Ant assemblages of Brazil nut trees Bertholletia excelsa in forest and pasture habitats in the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Biodivers. Conserv. 28 (2), 329-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1657-0.
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1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1515 Demétrio, M. F., Silvestre, R., Souza, P. R., Aoki, C., 2017. Inventário da fauna de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 107 (Suppl.), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017126.
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1616 Diehl, E., Diehl-Fleig, E., Albuquerque, E. Z., 2017. Occurrence of Attini (Formicidae) in two geomorphological provinces of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil. Braz. J. Agric. 92 (1), 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v92i1.3303.
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1717 Diehl, E., Göttert, C. L., Flores, D. G., 2006. Comunidades de formigas em três espécies utilizadas na arborização urbana em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Bioikos 20 (1), 25-32.,
1818 Diehl, E., Sacchett, F., Albuquerque, E. Z., 2005. Riqueza de formigas de solo na praia da Pedreira, Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Viamão, RS, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 49 (4), 552-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262005000400016.
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2121 Frizzo, T. L. M., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2013. The potential role of scattered trees for ant conservation in an agriculturally dominated neotropical landscape. Biotropica 45 (5), 644-651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12045.
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2323 Gomes, E. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Souza, T. M. S., Sousa-Souto, L., 2014. Ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three different stages of forest regeneration in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Sergipe, Brazil. Sociobiology 61 (3), 250-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v61i3.250-257.
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2525 Harada, A. Y., 2016. State of art of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at Caxiuanã, Melgaco, Pará, Brazil. Adv. Entomol. 4 (3), 115-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ae.2016.43013.
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2828 Lopes, J. F. S., Hallack, N. M. R., Sales, T. A., Brugger, M. S., Ribeiro, L. F., Hastenreiter, I. N., Camargo, R. S., 2012. Comparison of the ant assemblages in three phytophysionomies: rocky field, secondary forest, and riparian forest - A case study in the state park of Ibitipoca, Brazil. Psyche Lond. 2012, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/928371.
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3535 Marques, T. E. D., Koch, E. B. A., Santos, I. S., Santos, J. R. M., Mariano, C. S. F., Delabie, J. H. C., 2018. The diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) interacting with the invasive hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green 1908) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on ornamental and cultivated plants in Bahia, Brazil. Arthropod-Plant Interact. 12 (2), 237-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-017-9563-z.
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4040 Neves, F. S., Queiroz-Dantas, K. S., da Rocha, W. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2013. Ants of three adjacent habitats of a transition region between the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes: the effects of heterogeneity and variation in Canopy Cover. Neotrop. Entomol. 42 (3), 258-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0123-7.
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4141 Oliveira, F. M. P., Ribeiro-Neto, J. D., Andersen, A. N., Leal, I. R., 2017. Chronic anthropogenic disturbance as a secondary driver of ant community structure: interactions with soil type in Brazilian Caatinga. Environ. Conserv. 44 (2), 115-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892916000291.
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4444 Pereira, M. C., Delabie, J. H. C., Súarez, Y. R., Antonialli Junior, W. F., 2013. Spatial connectivity of aquatic macrophytes and flood cycle influence species richness of an ant community of a Brazilian floodplain. Sociobiology 60 (1), 41-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v60i1.41-49.
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4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
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4646 Queiroz, A. C. M., Rabello, A. M., Braga, D. L., Santiago, G. S., Zurlo, L. F., Philpott, S. M., Ribas, C. R., 2017. Cerrado vegetation types determine how land use impacts ant biodiversity. Biodivers. Conserv. 29, 2017-2034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1379-8.
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4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
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5656 Santos, R. D. J., Koch, E. B. A., Leite, C. M. P., Porto, T. J., Delabie, J. H. C., 2017. An assessment of leaf-litter and epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) living in different landscapes of the Atlantic Forest Biome in the State of Bahia, Brazil. J. Insect Biodivers. 5 (19), 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.19.
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6060 Silva, R. R., Brandão, C. R. F., Silvestre, R., 2004. Similarity between Cerrado localities in central and southeastern Brazil based on the dry season bait visitors ant fauna. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 39 (3), 191-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650520412331271783.
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6161 Silvestre, R., Roberto, C., Brandão, F., Rosa, R., 2014. Grupos funcionales de hormigas: el caso de los gremios del Cerrado. In: Fernandez, F. (Ed.), Introducción a las hormigas de la región neotropical. Instituto Humboldt, Bogotá.,
6363 Soares, S. A., Suarez, Y. R., Fernandes, W. D., Tenório, P. M. S., Delabie, J. H. C., Antonialli-Junior, W. F., 2013. Temporal variation in the composition of ant assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) on trees in the Pantanal floodplain, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (1), 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013000100013.
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6666 Solar, R. R. C., Chaul, J. C. M., Maués, M., Schoereder, J. H., 2016. A quantitative baseline of ants and orchid bees in human-modified Amazonian landscapes in Paragominas, Pará, Brazil. Sociobiology 63 (3), 925-940. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i3.1052.
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7070 Tibcherani, M., Aranda, R., Mello, R. L., 2020. Time to go home: the temporal threshold in the regeneration of the ant community in the Brazilian savanna. Appl. Soil Ecol. 150, 103451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103451.
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7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
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,
7676 Yamazaki, L., Dambroz, J., Meurer, E., Vindica, V. F., Delabie, J. H. C., Marques, M. I., Batirolla, L. D., 2016. Ant community (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) canopies in the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sociobiology 63 (2), 735-743. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i2.824.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
).
Figure 27
Workers of fiebrigi group. A: C. quadratus. B, G and I: C. specularis. C: C. complanatus (basalis group). D and J: C. liviaprado. E: C. pilosus [CASENT0904912]. F: C. basalis (basalis group). H: C. guayaki [CASENT0173677]. K: C. fiebrigi [CASENT0922539]. L: C. jheringi.
Figure 28
Soldiers of fiebrigi group. A and I: C. jheringi [A: CASENT0912601, I: CASENT0904919]. B: C. bruchi [CASENT0912591]. C and G: C. quadratus [CASENT0173705]. D: C. pilosus [CASENT0904911]. E and K: C. fiebrigi [E: CASENT0909290, K: CASENT0922538]. F and L: C. specularis [Brandão et al., 2014]. H: C. guayaki [CASENT0904920]. J: C. liviaprado.
Figure 29
Worker of Cephalotes liviaprado. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MS, Porto Murtinho.
Figure 30
Soldier of Cephalotes liviaprado. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MS, Porto Murtinho.
Figure 31
Distribution maps of
fiebrigi group in Brazil “part 1”. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
2929 Lopes, M. C., Lamarre, G. P. A., Baraloto, C., Fine, P. V. A., Vincentini, A., Baccaro, F. B., 2019. The Amazonas-trap: a new method for sampling plant-inhabiting arthropod communities in tropical forest understory. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 167 (6), 534-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12797.
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,
7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
).
Figure 32
Distribution maps of
fiebrigi group in Brazil “part 2”. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/201...
,
7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
).
Figure 33
Workers of grandinosus group. A: C. persimplex [CASENT0922544]. B and D: C. persimilis [B: CASENT0922542]. C: C. grandinosus.
Figure 34
Soldiers of grandinosus group. A: C. grandinosus [CASENT0173699]. B, C and D: C. persimplex [B, D: CASENT0922543]. E and F: C. persimilis [E: CASENT0922541].
Figure 35
Distribution maps of
grandinosus group in Brazil. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1919 Azevedo Filho, P. A., Vale, L. L. A., Lavor, M. T. F. de C., Ribeiro-Neto, J. D., Melo, M. V. C., Hites, N., Biseau, J.-C., Quinet, Y. P., 2003. Biodiversidade da mirmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em uma floresta primária da Serra de Baturité - Ceará. Cienc. Tecnol. 5, 17-29.,
2121 Frizzo, T. L. M., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2013. The potential role of scattered trees for ant conservation in an agriculturally dominated neotropical landscape. Biotropica 45 (5), 644-651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12045.
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,
2727 Lopes, D. T., Lopes, J., Nascimento, I. C., Delabie, J. H., 2010. Diversidade de formigas epigéicas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em três ambientes no Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, Londrina, Paraná. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 100 (1), 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212010000100012.
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3232 Maravalhas, J., Delabie, J. H. C., Macedo, R. G., Morais, H. C., 2012. Tree-dwelling ants: contrasting two Brazilian Cerrado plant species without extrafloral nectaries. Psyche. 2012, 172739. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/172739.
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,
4040 Neves, F. S., Queiroz-Dantas, K. S., da Rocha, W. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2013. Ants of three adjacent habitats of a transition region between the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes: the effects of heterogeneity and variation in Canopy Cover. Neotrop. Entomol. 42 (3), 258-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0123-7.
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4343 Paolucci, L. N., Schoereder, J. H., Brando, P. M., Andersen, A. N., 2017. Fire-induced forest transition to derived savannas: cascading effects on ant communities. Biol. Conserv. 214, 295-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.020.
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,
4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/201...
,
4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.20...
,
5959 Sendoya, S. F., Blüthgen, N., Tamashiro, J. Y., Fernandez, F., Oliveira, P. S., 2016. Foliage-dwelling ants in a neotropical savanna: effects of plant and insect exudates on ant communities. Arthropod-Plant Interact. 10 (3), 183-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-016-9423-2.
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6767 Sousa-Souto, L., Figueiredo, P. M. G., Ambrogi, B. G., Oliveira, A. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Neves, F. S., 2016. Composition and richness of arboreal ants in fragments of Brazilian Caatinga: effects of secondary succession. Sociobiology 63 (2), 762-769. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i2.909.
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,
7070 Tibcherani, M., Aranda, R., Mello, R. L., 2020. Time to go home: the temporal threshold in the regeneration of the ant community in the Brazilian savanna. Appl. Soil Ecol. 150, 103451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103451.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019....
,
7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
,
7676 Yamazaki, L., Dambroz, J., Meurer, E., Vindica, V. F., Delabie, J. H. C., Marques, M. I., Batirolla, L. D., 2016. Ant community (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) canopies in the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sociobiology 63 (2), 735-743. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i2.824.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
).
Figure 36
Distribution map of manni group in Brazil. Black circle: material examined. Red square: new record. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source: 1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie]).
Figure 37
Workers of pallens group. A, F and H: C. pellans. B and E: C. pallidus. C and D: C. patellaris. G: C. pallens. I: C. pallidoides.
Figure 38
Soldiers of pallens group. A: C. pallidus. B: C. pallidoides [CASENT0922516]. C and D: C. patellaris. E and H: C. pellans. F and I: C. pallens. G: C. pallidoides.
Figure 39
Distribution maps of
pallens group in Brazil. White stars type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
22 Arruda, F. V., Pesquero, M. A., Marcelino, D. G., Leite, G. A., Delabie, J. H. C., Fagundes, R., 2016. Size and condition of bamboo as structural factors behind the vertical stratification of the bamboo-nesting ant community. Insectes Soc. 63 (1), 99-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-015-0440-4.
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33 Battirola, L. D., Marques, M. I., Adis, J., Delabie, J. H. C., 2005. Composição da comunidade de Formicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) em copas de Attalea phalerata Mart. (Arecaceae), no Pantanal de Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 49 (1), 107-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262005000100011.
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44 Camacho, G. P., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2015. Ants of the Panga Ecological Station, a Cerrado reserve in Central Brazil. Sociobiology 62 (2), 281-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.281-295.
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1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1515 Demétrio, M. F., Silvestre, R., Souza, P. R., Aoki, C., 2017. Inventário da fauna de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 107 (Suppl.), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017126.
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3333 Maravalhas, J., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2014. Revisiting the pyrodiversity-biodiversity hypothesis: long-term fire regimes and the structure of ant communities in a Neotropical savanna hotspot. J. Appl. Ecol. 51 (6), 1661-1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12338.
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3636 Melo, T. da S., Peres, M. C. L., Chavari, J. L., Brescovit, A. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2014. Ants (Formicidae) and spiders (Araneae) listed from the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Brazil. Check List 10 (2), 355-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355.
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3838 Monteiro, D.S., Vicente, R.E., Oliveira, J., Izzo, T.J., 2001. Composição e Riqueza de Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em Áreas de Floresta Ombrófila Densa e Reflorestamento de Teca (Tectona grandis L.F. - Verbenaceae) na Fazenda São Nicolau, Cotriguaçu, MT. Descob. a Amaz. Merid. Biodiversidade da Fazenda São Nicolau. In: Rodrigues, D.J., Izzo, T.J., Batirolla, L.D. (Eds.), Descobrindo a Amazônia Meridional: biodiversidade da fazenda São Nicolau. UFMS, Campo Grande, pp. 287-301.,
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7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
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Figure 40
Workers of pinelii group. A: C. maculatus. B and I: C. pinelii. C: C. mariadeandrade. D, F and H: C. nilpiei. E: C. incertus. G: C. liepini.
Figure 41
Soldiers of pinelii group. A: C. liepini. B: C. pinelii. C, D and H: C. maculatus [C: CASENT0173689]. E, G and I: C. nilpiei. F: C. incertus.
Figure 42
Worker of Cephalotes mariadeandrade. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 43
Soldier of Cephalotes mariadeandrade. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 44
Gyne of Cephalotes mariadeandrade. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 45
Male of Cephalotes mariadeandrade. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 46
Gyne of Cephalotes nilpiei. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 47
Male of Cephalotes nilpiei. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 48
Distribution maps of
pinelii group in Brazil. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
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Figure 49
Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C. minutus. I: C. laminatus. J: C. minutus.
Figure 50
Soldiers of pusillus group. A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D: C. inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus.
Figure 51
Distribution maps of
pusillus group in Brazil. White star: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
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5656 Santos, R. D. J., Koch, E. B. A., Leite, C. M. P., Porto, T. J., Delabie, J. H. C., 2017. An assessment of leaf-litter and epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) living in different landscapes of the Atlantic Forest Biome in the State of Bahia, Brazil. J. Insect Biodivers. 5 (19), 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.19.
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,
6161 Silvestre, R., Roberto, C., Brandão, F., Rosa, R., 2014. Grupos funcionales de hormigas: el caso de los gremios del Cerrado. In: Fernandez, F. (Ed.), Introducción a las hormigas de la región neotropical. Instituto Humboldt, Bogotá.,
6262 Soares, S. A., Antonialli-Junior, W. F., Lima-Junior, S. E., 2010. Diversidade de formigas epigéicas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em dois ambientes no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 54 (1), 76-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262010000100009.
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6565 Guerra Sobrinho, T., Schoereder, J. H., Sperber, C. F., Madureira, M. S., 2003. Does fragmentation alter species composition in ant communities (Hymenoptera: formicidae)? Sociobiology 42, 329-342.,
6767 Sousa-Souto, L., Figueiredo, P. M. G., Ambrogi, B. G., Oliveira, A. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Neves, F. S., 2016. Composition and richness of arboreal ants in fragments of Brazilian Caatinga: effects of secondary succession. Sociobiology 63 (2), 762-769. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i2.909.
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6868 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Landeiro, V. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Fernandes, I. O., 2016. Taxonomic sufficiency and indicator taxa reduce sampling costs and increase monitoring effectiveness for ants. Divers. Distrib. 22 (1), 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371.
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7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
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7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.20...
,
7373 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Magnusson, W. E., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2006. Long-term effects of forest fragmentation on Amazonian ant communities. J. Biogeogr. 33 (8), 1348-1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01516.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.20...
).
Figure 52
Distribution map of solidus group in Brazil. White star: type locality. Blue triangle: record not examined from literature. (Literature source: 1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie]).
Figure 53
Distribution map of
umbraculatus group in Brazil. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1212 Silva de Oliveira, A. B., Schmidt, F. A., 2019. Ant assemblages of Brazil nut trees Bertholletia excelsa in forest and pasture habitats in the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Biodivers. Conserv. 28 (2), 329-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1657-0.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-165...
,
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
2323 Gomes, E. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Souza, T. M. S., Sousa-Souto, L., 2014. Ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three different stages of forest regeneration in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Sergipe, Brazil. Sociobiology 61 (3), 250-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v61i3.250-257.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
,
3636 Melo, T. da S., Peres, M. C. L., Chavari, J. L., Brescovit, A. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2014. Ants (Formicidae) and spiders (Araneae) listed from the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Brazil. Check List 10 (2), 355-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355...
,
4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/201...
,
6868 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Landeiro, V. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Fernandes, I. O., 2016. Taxonomic sufficiency and indicator taxa reduce sampling costs and increase monitoring effectiveness for ants. Divers. Distrib. 22 (1), 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371...
,
7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.20...
).
Figure 54
The maximum clade credibility tree from phylogenetic analyses performed by Price et al. (2016) based on morphological and molecular data. The tree has been trimmed to include only those species known from Brazil. The labels for the species groups follow our proposals, including the synonymies, and the previous names for the synonymized groups are shown in grey.
Figure 2
Workers of Cephalotes. A: C. atratus (atratus group) [CASENT0178627]. B: C. depressus (depressus group) [CASENT0173671]. C and F: C. pusillus (pusillus group) [CASENT0173703]. D and I: C. pellans (pallens group) [CASENT0173697]. E: C. solidus (solidus group). G: C. cordatus (depressus group) [CASENT0922596]. H: C. frigidus (angustus group) [UFV-LABECOL-004442]. J: C. basalis (basalis group). K: C. grandinosus (grandinosus group) [CASENT0922544]. L: C. maculatus (pinelii group) [CASENT0909295]. M: C. trichophorus (coffeae group). N and R: C. conspersus (angustus group) [R: CASENT0922530]. O: C. clypeatus (clypeatus group) [CASENT0173669]. P: C. umbraculatus (umbraculatus group) [CASENT0922582]. Q: C. jheringi (fiebrigi group). fle: femoral lamellar expansions. ge: gastral expansions. pd: posterodorsal spine. ple: propodeal lamellar expansions. ps: propodeal spine. pv: posteroventral spine. vle: vertexal lamellar expansions.
Figure 3
Soldiers of Cephalotes. A: C. decoloratus (pallens group) [CASENT0909299]. B: C. angustus (angustus group) [CASENT0909276]. C: C. basalis (basalis group). D and I: C. minutus (pusillus group) [CASENT0173691]. E: C. quadratus (fiebrigi group) [CASENT0173705]. F and P: C. umbraculatus (umbraculatus group) [CASENT0922582]. G and O: C. targionii (angustus group) [CASENT0173708]. H: C. nilpiei (pinelii group). J: C. borgmeieri (depressus group) [CASENT0173664]. K: C. grandinosus (grandinosus group). L: C. pinelii (pinelii group). M: C. jheringi (fiebrigi group). N: C. clypeatus (clypeatus group) [CASENT0173669].
Figure 4
Workers of angustus group. A: C. notatus. B and H: C. goeldii [H: CASENT0922535]. C: C. adolphi [CASENT0904906]. D and I: C. targionii [D: CASENT0173661, I: CASENT0922537]. E and M: C. angustus [E: CASENT0909277]. F: C. frigidus. G and J: C. conspersus [J: CASENT0922530]. K and N: C. monicaulyssea. L: C. gabicamacho. O: C. pallidicephalus. P: C. marycorn.
Figure 5
Soldiers of angustus group. A: C. frigidus. B: C. goeldii. C, F, M and O: C. angustus [C: CASENT0909276]. D: C. targionii [CASENT0922536]. E and I: C. gabicamacho. G and K: C. adolphi. H: C. notatus [CASENT0919600]. J: C. goeldii. L: C. pallidicephalus. N and P: C. monicaulyssea.
Figure 6
Soldier of Cephalotes adolphi. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 7
Gyne of Cephalotes adolphi. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 8
Worker of Cephalotes gabicamacho. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 9
Soldier of Cephalotes gabicamacho. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 10
Gyne of Cephalotes gabicamacho. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 11
Worker of Cephalotes marycorn. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Manga.
Figure 12
Worker of Cephalotes monicaulyssea. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 13
Soldier of Cephalotes monicaulyssea. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 14
Gyne of Cephalotes monicaulyssea. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 15
Distribution maps of angustus group in Brazil “part 1”. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source: 4, 13, 30).
Figure 16
Distribution maps of
angustus group in Brazil “part 2”. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1414 Delabie, J. H. C., Paim, V. R. L. D. M., Nascimento, I. C., Campiolo, S., Mariano, C. D. S. F., 2006. As formigas como indicadores biológicos do impacto humano em manguezais da costa sudeste da Bahia. Neotrop. Entomol. 35 (5), 602-615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2006000500006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2006...
,
4040 Neves, F. S., Queiroz-Dantas, K. S., da Rocha, W. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2013. Ants of three adjacent habitats of a transition region between the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes: the effects of heterogeneity and variation in Canopy Cover. Neotrop. Entomol. 42 (3), 258-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0123-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-012...
,
4747 Reis, P. C. J., Darocha, W. D., Falcão, L. A. D., Guerra, T. J., Neves, F. S., 2013. Ant fauna on Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (urticaceae) trees in an atlantic forest area, southeastern Brazil. Sociobiology 60 (3), 222-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v60i3.222-228.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
4848 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., 2007. Ant communities, environmental characteristics and their implications for conservation in the Brazilian Pantanal. Biodivers. Conserv. 16 (5), 1511-1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9041-x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-904...
,
4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.20...
,
5656 Santos, R. D. J., Koch, E. B. A., Leite, C. M. P., Porto, T. J., Delabie, J. H. C., 2017. An assessment of leaf-litter and epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) living in different landscapes of the Atlantic Forest Biome in the State of Bahia, Brazil. J. Insect Biodivers. 5 (19), 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.19.
http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.19...
,
6464 Guerra Sobrinho, T., Schoereder, J. H., 2007. Edge and shape effects on ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) species richness and composition in forest fragments. Biodivers. Conserv. 16 (5), 1459-1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9011-3.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-901...
).
Figure 6
Soldier of Cephalotes adolphi. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 7
Gyne of Cephalotes adolphi. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 8
Worker of Cephalotes gabicamacho. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 9
Soldier of Cephalotes gabicamacho. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 10
Gyne of Cephalotes gabicamacho. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 11
Worker of Cephalotes marycorn. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Manga.
Figure 12
Worker of Cephalotes monicaulyssea. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 13
Soldier of Cephalotes monicaulyssea. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 14
Gyne of Cephalotes monicaulyssea. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 15
Distribution maps of angustus group in Brazil “part 1”. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source: 4, 13, 30).
Figure 16
Distribution maps of
angustus group in Brazil “part 2”. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1414 Delabie, J. H. C., Paim, V. R. L. D. M., Nascimento, I. C., Campiolo, S., Mariano, C. D. S. F., 2006. As formigas como indicadores biológicos do impacto humano em manguezais da costa sudeste da Bahia. Neotrop. Entomol. 35 (5), 602-615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2006000500006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2006...
,
4040 Neves, F. S., Queiroz-Dantas, K. S., da Rocha, W. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2013. Ants of three adjacent habitats of a transition region between the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes: the effects of heterogeneity and variation in Canopy Cover. Neotrop. Entomol. 42 (3), 258-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0123-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-012...
,
4747 Reis, P. C. J., Darocha, W. D., Falcão, L. A. D., Guerra, T. J., Neves, F. S., 2013. Ant fauna on Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (urticaceae) trees in an atlantic forest area, southeastern Brazil. Sociobiology 60 (3), 222-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v60i3.222-228.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
4848 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., 2007. Ant communities, environmental characteristics and their implications for conservation in the Brazilian Pantanal. Biodivers. Conserv. 16 (5), 1511-1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9041-x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-904...
,
4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.20...
,
5656 Santos, R. D. J., Koch, E. B. A., Leite, C. M. P., Porto, T. J., Delabie, J. H. C., 2017. An assessment of leaf-litter and epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) living in different landscapes of the Atlantic Forest Biome in the State of Bahia, Brazil. J. Insect Biodivers. 5 (19), 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.19.
http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.19...
,
6464 Guerra Sobrinho, T., Schoereder, J. H., 2007. Edge and shape effects on ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) species richness and composition in forest fragments. Biodivers. Conserv. 16 (5), 1459-1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9011-3.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-901...
).
Figure 17
Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627]. B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839]. E: C. serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C. placidus.
Figure 18
Distribution maps of
atratus group in Brazil. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
11 Araújo, L. M., Fernandes, G. W., 2003. Altitudinal patterns in a tropical ant assemblage and variation in species richness between habitats. Lundiana 4, 103-109.,
44 Camacho, G. P., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2015. Ants of the Panga Ecological Station, a Cerrado reserve in Central Brazil. Sociobiology 62 (2), 281-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.281-295.
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55 Campos, R. I., Lopes, C. T., Magalhães, W. C. S., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2008. Estratificação vertical de formigas em Cerrado strictu sensu no Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas, Goiás, Brasil. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 98 (3), 311-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212008000300004.
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88 Castro, G. H. P., Kayano, D. Y., Souza, R. F., Hilsdorf, A. W. S., Feitosa, R. M., Morini, M. S. C., 2017. Seasonal patterns of the foraging ecology of Myrmelachista arthuri Forel, 1903 (Formicidae: formicinae). Sociobiology 64 (3), 237-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v64i3.1629.
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1111 Costa-Milanez, C., Lourenço-Silva, G., Castro, P., Majer, J., Ribeiro, S., 2014. Are ant assemblages of Brazilian veredas characterised by location or habitat type? Braz. J. Biol. 74 (1), 89-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.17612.
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1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
2222 Golias, H. C., Lopes, J., Delabie, J. H., De Azevedo, F., 2018. Diversity of ants in citrus orchards and in a forest fragment in Southern Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 11 (1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i1.703.
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2323 Gomes, E. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Souza, T. M. S., Sousa-Souto, L., 2014. Ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three different stages of forest regeneration in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Sergipe, Brazil. Sociobiology 61 (3), 250-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v61i3.250-257.
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3434 Marques, G. D. V., Del-Claro, K., 2006. The ant fauna in a cerrado area: The influence of vegetation structure and seasonality (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 47, 235-252.,
3636 Melo, T. da S., Peres, M. C. L., Chavari, J. L., Brescovit, A. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2014. Ants (Formicidae) and spiders (Araneae) listed from the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Brazil. Check List 10 (2), 355-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355...
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3737 Miranda, P. N., Oliveira, M. A., Baccaro, F. B., Morato, E. F., Delabie, J. H. C., 2012. Check list of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the eastern Acre, Amazon, Brazil. Check List 8 (4), 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.4.722.
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4242 Oliveira, M. A., Delia Lucia, T. M. C., Marinho, C. G. S., Delabie, J. H. C., Morato, E. R., 2009. Ant diversity in an area of the Amazon Forest in acre, Brazil. Sociobiology 54, 243-267.,
4343 Paolucci, L. N., Schoereder, J. H., Brando, P. M., Andersen, A. N., 2017. Fire-induced forest transition to derived savannas: cascading effects on ant communities. Biol. Conserv. 214, 295-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.020.
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4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
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5151 Santos-Silva, L., Vicente, R. E., Feitosa, R. M., 2016. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of forest fragments and urban areas in a meridional amazonian landscape. Check List 12 (3), 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.3.1885.
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5252 Santos, J. C., Delabie, J. H. C., Fernandes, G. W., 2008. A 15-year post evaluation of the fire effects on ant community in an area of Amazonian forest. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 52 (1), 82-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262008000100015.
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5454 Santos, M. P. C. J., Carrano-Moreira, A. F., Torres, J. B., 2012. Diversidade de formigas epigeicas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em floresta ombrófila densa e em cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, no município de Igarassu, PE. Agraria 7 (4), 648-656. http://dx.doi.org/10.5039/agraria.v7i4a1927.
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5757 Santos, R. S., Delabie, J. H. C., 2018. Epigaeic Ants in a Forest Remnant in the State of Acre, Brazil and New Records for the State. Braz. J. Agric. 93 (1), 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v93i1.3300.
http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v93i1.330...
,
6161 Silvestre, R., Roberto, C., Brandão, F., Rosa, R., 2014. Grupos funcionales de hormigas: el caso de los gremios del Cerrado. In: Fernandez, F. (Ed.), Introducción a las hormigas de la región neotropical. Instituto Humboldt, Bogotá.,
6363 Soares, S. A., Suarez, Y. R., Fernandes, W. D., Tenório, P. M. S., Delabie, J. H. C., Antonialli-Junior, W. F., 2013. Temporal variation in the composition of ant assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) on trees in the Pantanal floodplain, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (1), 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013000100013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
,
6868 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Landeiro, V. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Fernandes, I. O., 2016. Taxonomic sufficiency and indicator taxa reduce sampling costs and increase monitoring effectiveness for ants. Divers. Distrib. 22 (1), 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371...
,
6969 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., 2018. Effectiveness of genera as a higher-taxon substitute for species in ant biodiversity analyses is not affected by sampling technique. Biodivers. Conserv. 27 (13), 3425-3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1607-x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-160...
,
7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
,
7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.20...
,
7575 Vicente, R. E., Prado, L. P., Izzo, T. J., 2016. Amazon rainforest ant-fauna of Parque Estadual do Cristalino: understory and ground-dwelling ants. Sociobiology 63 (3), 894-908. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i3.1043.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
).
Figure 19
Workers of basalis group. A, D and F: C. complanatus [D: CASENT0922595]. B: C. basalis. C: C. cordiae [CASENT0919596]. E: C. ramiphilus.
Figure 20
Soldiers of basalis group. A: C. cordiae [FOCOL2143]. B and D: C. complanatus. C, E and F: C. basalis. G: C. ramiphilus [CASENT0909261].
Figure 21
Distribution maps of
basalis group in Brazil. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1212 Silva de Oliveira, A. B., Schmidt, F. A., 2019. Ant assemblages of Brazil nut trees Bertholletia excelsa in forest and pasture habitats in the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Biodivers. Conserv. 28 (2), 329-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1657-0.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-165...
,
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.20...
).
Figure 22
Workers and soldiers of clypeatus group. A: C. clypeatus [CASENT0173669]. B: C. membranaceus [FOCOL2117]. C: C. ustus.
Figure 23
Distribution maps of
clypeatus group in Brazil. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
44 Camacho, G. P., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2015. Ants of the Panga Ecological Station, a Cerrado reserve in Central Brazil. Sociobiology 62 (2), 281-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.281-295.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
,
1212 Silva de Oliveira, A. B., Schmidt, F. A., 2019. Ant assemblages of Brazil nut trees Bertholletia excelsa in forest and pasture habitats in the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Biodivers. Conserv. 28 (2), 329-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1657-0.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-165...
,
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1515 Demétrio, M. F., Silvestre, R., Souza, P. R., Aoki, C., 2017. Inventário da fauna de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 107 (Suppl.), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017126.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017...
,
2020 Fonseca, A. R., Campos, R. B. F., Silva, G. F., 2015. Formigas em Carcaças de Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) em uma Área de Cerrado no Sudeste do Brasil: riqueza e Abundância. EntomoBrasilis 8 (1), 74-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i1.460.
http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i...
,
3434 Marques, G. D. V., Del-Claro, K., 2006. The ant fauna in a cerrado area: The influence of vegetation structure and seasonality (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 47, 235-252.,
3737 Miranda, P. N., Oliveira, M. A., Baccaro, F. B., Morato, E. F., Delabie, J. H. C., 2012. Check list of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the eastern Acre, Amazon, Brazil. Check List 8 (4), 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.4.722.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.4.722...
,
4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/201...
,
4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.20...
,
6161 Silvestre, R., Roberto, C., Brandão, F., Rosa, R., 2014. Grupos funcionales de hormigas: el caso de los gremios del Cerrado. In: Fernandez, F. (Ed.), Introducción a las hormigas de la región neotropical. Instituto Humboldt, Bogotá.,
6262 Soares, S. A., Antonialli-Junior, W. F., Lima-Junior, S. E., 2010. Diversidade de formigas epigéicas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em dois ambientes no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 54 (1), 76-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262010000100009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262010...
,
6363 Soares, S. A., Suarez, Y. R., Fernandes, W. D., Tenório, P. M. S., Delabie, J. H. C., Antonialli-Junior, W. F., 2013. Temporal variation in the composition of ant assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) on trees in the Pantanal floodplain, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (1), 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013000100013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
,
6868 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Landeiro, V. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Fernandes, I. O., 2016. Taxonomic sufficiency and indicator taxa reduce sampling costs and increase monitoring effectiveness for ants. Divers. Distrib. 22 (1), 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371...
,
7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
).
Figure 24
Distribution map of coffeae group in Brazil. Black circle: material examined. Red square: new record.
Figure 24
Distribution map of coffeae group in Brazil. Black circle: material examined. Red square: new record.
Figure 25
Workers and soldiers of depressus group. A and E: C. borgmeieri [E: CASENT0173665]. B and F: C. cordatus [CASENT0922596]. G, I and M: C. pavonii [G: CASENT0922611]. C, K and O: C. depressus [C, O: CASENT0173671, K: CASENT0909272]. D: C. palustris [UFV-LABECOL-004489]. H and L: C. betoi. J and N: C. eduarduli [CASENT0173676].
Figure 26
Distribution maps of
depressus group in Brazil. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
44 Camacho, G. P., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2015. Ants of the Panga Ecological Station, a Cerrado reserve in Central Brazil. Sociobiology 62 (2), 281-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.281-295.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
,
99 Christianini, A. V., Mayhé-Nunes, A. J., Oliveira, P. S., 2012. Exploitation of fallen diaspores by ants: are there ant-plant partner choices? Biotropica 44 (3), 360-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00822.x.
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1111 Costa-Milanez, C., Lourenço-Silva, G., Castro, P., Majer, J., Ribeiro, S., 2014. Are ant assemblages of Brazilian veredas characterised by location or habitat type? Braz. J. Biol. 74 (1), 89-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.17612.
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1212 Silva de Oliveira, A. B., Schmidt, F. A., 2019. Ant assemblages of Brazil nut trees Bertholletia excelsa in forest and pasture habitats in the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Biodivers. Conserv. 28 (2), 329-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1657-0.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-165...
,
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1515 Demétrio, M. F., Silvestre, R., Souza, P. R., Aoki, C., 2017. Inventário da fauna de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 107 (Suppl.), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017126.
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1616 Diehl, E., Diehl-Fleig, E., Albuquerque, E. Z., 2017. Occurrence of Attini (Formicidae) in two geomorphological provinces of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil. Braz. J. Agric. 92 (1), 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v92i1.3303.
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1717 Diehl, E., Göttert, C. L., Flores, D. G., 2006. Comunidades de formigas em três espécies utilizadas na arborização urbana em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Bioikos 20 (1), 25-32.,
1818 Diehl, E., Sacchett, F., Albuquerque, E. Z., 2005. Riqueza de formigas de solo na praia da Pedreira, Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Viamão, RS, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 49 (4), 552-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262005000400016.
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2121 Frizzo, T. L. M., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2013. The potential role of scattered trees for ant conservation in an agriculturally dominated neotropical landscape. Biotropica 45 (5), 644-651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12045.
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2323 Gomes, E. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Souza, T. M. S., Sousa-Souto, L., 2014. Ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three different stages of forest regeneration in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Sergipe, Brazil. Sociobiology 61 (3), 250-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v61i3.250-257.
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2525 Harada, A. Y., 2016. State of art of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at Caxiuanã, Melgaco, Pará, Brazil. Adv. Entomol. 4 (3), 115-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ae.2016.43013.
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2828 Lopes, J. F. S., Hallack, N. M. R., Sales, T. A., Brugger, M. S., Ribeiro, L. F., Hastenreiter, I. N., Camargo, R. S., 2012. Comparison of the ant assemblages in three phytophysionomies: rocky field, secondary forest, and riparian forest - A case study in the state park of Ibitipoca, Brazil. Psyche Lond. 2012, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/928371.
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3535 Marques, T. E. D., Koch, E. B. A., Santos, I. S., Santos, J. R. M., Mariano, C. S. F., Delabie, J. H. C., 2018. The diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) interacting with the invasive hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green 1908) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on ornamental and cultivated plants in Bahia, Brazil. Arthropod-Plant Interact. 12 (2), 237-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-017-9563-z.
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4040 Neves, F. S., Queiroz-Dantas, K. S., da Rocha, W. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2013. Ants of three adjacent habitats of a transition region between the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes: the effects of heterogeneity and variation in Canopy Cover. Neotrop. Entomol. 42 (3), 258-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0123-7.
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4141 Oliveira, F. M. P., Ribeiro-Neto, J. D., Andersen, A. N., Leal, I. R., 2017. Chronic anthropogenic disturbance as a secondary driver of ant community structure: interactions with soil type in Brazilian Caatinga. Environ. Conserv. 44 (2), 115-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892916000291.
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4444 Pereira, M. C., Delabie, J. H. C., Súarez, Y. R., Antonialli Junior, W. F., 2013. Spatial connectivity of aquatic macrophytes and flood cycle influence species richness of an ant community of a Brazilian floodplain. Sociobiology 60 (1), 41-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v60i1.41-49.
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4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
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4646 Queiroz, A. C. M., Rabello, A. M., Braga, D. L., Santiago, G. S., Zurlo, L. F., Philpott, S. M., Ribas, C. R., 2017. Cerrado vegetation types determine how land use impacts ant biodiversity. Biodivers. Conserv. 29, 2017-2034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1379-8.
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4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
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5656 Santos, R. D. J., Koch, E. B. A., Leite, C. M. P., Porto, T. J., Delabie, J. H. C., 2017. An assessment of leaf-litter and epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) living in different landscapes of the Atlantic Forest Biome in the State of Bahia, Brazil. J. Insect Biodivers. 5 (19), 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.19.
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6060 Silva, R. R., Brandão, C. R. F., Silvestre, R., 2004. Similarity between Cerrado localities in central and southeastern Brazil based on the dry season bait visitors ant fauna. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 39 (3), 191-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650520412331271783.
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6161 Silvestre, R., Roberto, C., Brandão, F., Rosa, R., 2014. Grupos funcionales de hormigas: el caso de los gremios del Cerrado. In: Fernandez, F. (Ed.), Introducción a las hormigas de la región neotropical. Instituto Humboldt, Bogotá.,
6363 Soares, S. A., Suarez, Y. R., Fernandes, W. D., Tenório, P. M. S., Delabie, J. H. C., Antonialli-Junior, W. F., 2013. Temporal variation in the composition of ant assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) on trees in the Pantanal floodplain, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (1), 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013000100013.
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6666 Solar, R. R. C., Chaul, J. C. M., Maués, M., Schoereder, J. H., 2016. A quantitative baseline of ants and orchid bees in human-modified Amazonian landscapes in Paragominas, Pará, Brazil. Sociobiology 63 (3), 925-940. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i3.1052.
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7070 Tibcherani, M., Aranda, R., Mello, R. L., 2020. Time to go home: the temporal threshold in the regeneration of the ant community in the Brazilian savanna. Appl. Soil Ecol. 150, 103451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103451.
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7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
,
7676 Yamazaki, L., Dambroz, J., Meurer, E., Vindica, V. F., Delabie, J. H. C., Marques, M. I., Batirolla, L. D., 2016. Ant community (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) canopies in the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sociobiology 63 (2), 735-743. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i2.824.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
).
Figure 27
Workers of fiebrigi group. A: C. quadratus. B, G and I: C. specularis. C: C. complanatus (basalis group). D and J: C. liviaprado. E: C. pilosus [CASENT0904912]. F: C. basalis (basalis group). H: C. guayaki [CASENT0173677]. K: C. fiebrigi [CASENT0922539]. L: C. jheringi.
Figure 28
Soldiers of fiebrigi group. A and I: C. jheringi [A: CASENT0912601, I: CASENT0904919]. B: C. bruchi [CASENT0912591]. C and G: C. quadratus [CASENT0173705]. D: C. pilosus [CASENT0904911]. E and K: C. fiebrigi [E: CASENT0909290, K: CASENT0922538]. F and L: C. specularis [Brandão et al., 2014]. H: C. guayaki [CASENT0904920]. J: C. liviaprado.
Figure 29
Worker of Cephalotes liviaprado. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MS, Porto Murtinho.
Figure 30
Soldier of Cephalotes liviaprado. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MS, Porto Murtinho.
Figure 31
Distribution maps of
fiebrigi group in Brazil “part 1”. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
2929 Lopes, M. C., Lamarre, G. P. A., Baraloto, C., Fine, P. V. A., Vincentini, A., Baccaro, F. B., 2019. The Amazonas-trap: a new method for sampling plant-inhabiting arthropod communities in tropical forest understory. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 167 (6), 534-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12797.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12797...
,
7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
).
Figure 32
Distribution maps of
fiebrigi group in Brazil “part 2”. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/201...
,
7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
).
Figure 29
Worker of Cephalotes liviaprado. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MS, Porto Murtinho.
Figure 30
Soldier of Cephalotes liviaprado. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MS, Porto Murtinho.
Figure 31
Distribution maps of
fiebrigi group in Brazil “part 1”. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
2929 Lopes, M. C., Lamarre, G. P. A., Baraloto, C., Fine, P. V. A., Vincentini, A., Baccaro, F. B., 2019. The Amazonas-trap: a new method for sampling plant-inhabiting arthropod communities in tropical forest understory. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 167 (6), 534-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12797.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12797...
,
7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
).
Figure 32
Distribution maps of
fiebrigi group in Brazil “part 2”. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/201...
,
7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013...
).
Figure 33
Workers of grandinosus group. A: C. persimplex [CASENT0922544]. B and D: C. persimilis [B: CASENT0922542]. C: C. grandinosus.
Figure 34
Soldiers of grandinosus group. A: C. grandinosus [CASENT0173699]. B, C and D: C. persimplex [B, D: CASENT0922543]. E and F: C. persimilis [E: CASENT0922541].
Figure 35
Distribution maps of
grandinosus group in Brazil. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1919 Azevedo Filho, P. A., Vale, L. L. A., Lavor, M. T. F. de C., Ribeiro-Neto, J. D., Melo, M. V. C., Hites, N., Biseau, J.-C., Quinet, Y. P., 2003. Biodiversidade da mirmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em uma floresta primária da Serra de Baturité - Ceará. Cienc. Tecnol. 5, 17-29.,
2121 Frizzo, T. L. M., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2013. The potential role of scattered trees for ant conservation in an agriculturally dominated neotropical landscape. Biotropica 45 (5), 644-651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12045.
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,
2727 Lopes, D. T., Lopes, J., Nascimento, I. C., Delabie, J. H., 2010. Diversidade de formigas epigéicas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em três ambientes no Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, Londrina, Paraná. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 100 (1), 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212010000100012.
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,
3232 Maravalhas, J., Delabie, J. H. C., Macedo, R. G., Morais, H. C., 2012. Tree-dwelling ants: contrasting two Brazilian Cerrado plant species without extrafloral nectaries. Psyche. 2012, 172739. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/172739.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/172739...
,
4040 Neves, F. S., Queiroz-Dantas, K. S., da Rocha, W. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2013. Ants of three adjacent habitats of a transition region between the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes: the effects of heterogeneity and variation in Canopy Cover. Neotrop. Entomol. 42 (3), 258-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0123-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-012...
,
4343 Paolucci, L. N., Schoereder, J. H., Brando, P. M., Andersen, A. N., 2017. Fire-induced forest transition to derived savannas: cascading effects on ant communities. Biol. Conserv. 214, 295-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.020.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017....
,
4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/201...
,
4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.20...
,
5959 Sendoya, S. F., Blüthgen, N., Tamashiro, J. Y., Fernandez, F., Oliveira, P. S., 2016. Foliage-dwelling ants in a neotropical savanna: effects of plant and insect exudates on ant communities. Arthropod-Plant Interact. 10 (3), 183-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-016-9423-2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-016-942...
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6767 Sousa-Souto, L., Figueiredo, P. M. G., Ambrogi, B. G., Oliveira, A. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Neves, F. S., 2016. Composition and richness of arboreal ants in fragments of Brazilian Caatinga: effects of secondary succession. Sociobiology 63 (2), 762-769. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i2.909.
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7070 Tibcherani, M., Aranda, R., Mello, R. L., 2020. Time to go home: the temporal threshold in the regeneration of the ant community in the Brazilian savanna. Appl. Soil Ecol. 150, 103451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103451.
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,
7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
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,
7676 Yamazaki, L., Dambroz, J., Meurer, E., Vindica, V. F., Delabie, J. H. C., Marques, M. I., Batirolla, L. D., 2016. Ant community (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) canopies in the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sociobiology 63 (2), 735-743. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i2.824.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
).
Figure 36
Distribution map of manni group in Brazil. Black circle: material examined. Red square: new record. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source: 1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie]).
Figure 36
Distribution map of manni group in Brazil. Black circle: material examined. Red square: new record. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source: 1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie]).
Figure 37
Workers of pallens group. A, F and H: C. pellans. B and E: C. pallidus. C and D: C. patellaris. G: C. pallens. I: C. pallidoides.
Figure 38
Soldiers of pallens group. A: C. pallidus. B: C. pallidoides [CASENT0922516]. C and D: C. patellaris. E and H: C. pellans. F and I: C. pallens. G: C. pallidoides.
Figure 39
Distribution maps of
pallens group in Brazil. White stars type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
22 Arruda, F. V., Pesquero, M. A., Marcelino, D. G., Leite, G. A., Delabie, J. H. C., Fagundes, R., 2016. Size and condition of bamboo as structural factors behind the vertical stratification of the bamboo-nesting ant community. Insectes Soc. 63 (1), 99-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-015-0440-4.
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33 Battirola, L. D., Marques, M. I., Adis, J., Delabie, J. H. C., 2005. Composição da comunidade de Formicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) em copas de Attalea phalerata Mart. (Arecaceae), no Pantanal de Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 49 (1), 107-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262005000100011.
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,
44 Camacho, G. P., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2015. Ants of the Panga Ecological Station, a Cerrado reserve in Central Brazil. Sociobiology 62 (2), 281-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.281-295.
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1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1515 Demétrio, M. F., Silvestre, R., Souza, P. R., Aoki, C., 2017. Inventário da fauna de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 107 (Suppl.), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017126.
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3333 Maravalhas, J., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2014. Revisiting the pyrodiversity-biodiversity hypothesis: long-term fire regimes and the structure of ant communities in a Neotropical savanna hotspot. J. Appl. Ecol. 51 (6), 1661-1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12338.
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3636 Melo, T. da S., Peres, M. C. L., Chavari, J. L., Brescovit, A. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2014. Ants (Formicidae) and spiders (Araneae) listed from the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Brazil. Check List 10 (2), 355-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355.
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3838 Monteiro, D.S., Vicente, R.E., Oliveira, J., Izzo, T.J., 2001. Composição e Riqueza de Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em Áreas de Floresta Ombrófila Densa e Reflorestamento de Teca (Tectona grandis L.F. - Verbenaceae) na Fazenda São Nicolau, Cotriguaçu, MT. Descob. a Amaz. Merid. Biodiversidade da Fazenda São Nicolau. In: Rodrigues, D.J., Izzo, T.J., Batirolla, L.D. (Eds.), Descobrindo a Amazônia Meridional: biodiversidade da fazenda São Nicolau. UFMS, Campo Grande, pp. 287-301.,
3939 Montine, P. S. M., Viana, N. F., Almeida, F. S., Dátillo, W. F. C., Santanna, A. S., Martins, L., Vargas, A. B., 2014. Seasonality of epigaeic ant communities in a Brazilian atlantic rainforest. Sociobiology 61 (2), 178-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v61i2.178-183.
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4848 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., 2007. Ant communities, environmental characteristics and their implications for conservation in the Brazilian Pantanal. Biodivers. Conserv. 16 (5), 1511-1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9041-x.
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4949 Ribas, C. R., Schoereder, J. H., Pic, M., Soares, S. M., 2003. Tree heterogeneity, resource availability, and larger scale processes regulating arboreal ant species richness. Austral Ecol. 28 (3), 305-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01290.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.20...
,
5656 Santos, R. D. J., Koch, E. B. A., Leite, C. M. P., Porto, T. J., Delabie, J. H. C., 2017. An assessment of leaf-litter and epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) living in different landscapes of the Atlantic Forest Biome in the State of Bahia, Brazil. J. Insect Biodivers. 5 (19), 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.19.
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5858 Schütte, M. D. S., Queiroz, J. M., Mayhé-Nunes, A. J., Pereira, M. P. D. S., 2007. Inventário estruturado de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em floresta ombrófila de encosta na ilha da Marambaia, RJ. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 97 (1), 103-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212007000100015.
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5959 Sendoya, S. F., Blüthgen, N., Tamashiro, J. Y., Fernandez, F., Oliveira, P. S., 2016. Foliage-dwelling ants in a neotropical savanna: effects of plant and insect exudates on ant communities. Arthropod-Plant Interact. 10 (3), 183-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-016-9423-2.
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6161 Silvestre, R., Roberto, C., Brandão, F., Rosa, R., 2014. Grupos funcionales de hormigas: el caso de los gremios del Cerrado. In: Fernandez, F. (Ed.), Introducción a las hormigas de la región neotropical. Instituto Humboldt, Bogotá.,
6969 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., 2018. Effectiveness of genera as a higher-taxon substitute for species in ant biodiversity analyses is not affected by sampling technique. Biodivers. Conserv. 27 (13), 3425-3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1607-x.
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7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
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7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
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).
Figure 40
Workers of pinelii group. A: C. maculatus. B and I: C. pinelii. C: C. mariadeandrade. D, F and H: C. nilpiei. E: C. incertus. G: C. liepini.
Figure 41
Soldiers of pinelii group. A: C. liepini. B: C. pinelii. C, D and H: C. maculatus [C: CASENT0173689]. E, G and I: C. nilpiei. F: C. incertus.
Figure 42
Worker of Cephalotes mariadeandrade. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 43
Soldier of Cephalotes mariadeandrade. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 44
Gyne of Cephalotes mariadeandrade. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 45
Male of Cephalotes mariadeandrade. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Uberlândia.
Figure 46
Gyne of Cephalotes nilpiei. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 47
Male of Cephalotes nilpiei. A: frontal view. B: lateral view. C: dorsal view. Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho.
Figure 48
Distribution maps of
pinelii group in Brazil. White stars: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
22 Arruda, F. V., Pesquero, M. A., Marcelino, D. G., Leite, G. A., Delabie, J. H. C., Fagundes, R., 2016. Size and condition of bamboo as structural factors behind the vertical stratification of the bamboo-nesting ant community. Insectes Soc. 63 (1), 99-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-015-0440-4.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-015-044...
,
44 Camacho, G. P., Vasconcelos, H. L., 2015. Ants of the Panga Ecological Station, a Cerrado reserve in Central Brazil. Sociobiology 62 (2), 281-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.281-295.
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1111 Costa-Milanez, C., Lourenço-Silva, G., Castro, P., Majer, J., Ribeiro, S., 2014. Are ant assemblages of Brazilian veredas characterised by location or habitat type? Braz. J. Biol. 74 (1), 89-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.17612.
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1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
1616 Diehl, E., Diehl-Fleig, E., Albuquerque, E. Z., 2017. Occurrence of Attini (Formicidae) in two geomorphological provinces of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil. Braz. J. Agric. 92 (1), 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v92i1.3303.
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2323 Gomes, E. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Souza, T. M. S., Sousa-Souto, L., 2014. Ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three different stages of forest regeneration in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Sergipe, Brazil. Sociobiology 61 (3), 250-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v61i3.250-257.
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2626 Ketterl, J., Verhaagh, M., Bihn, J. H., Brandão, C. R. F., Engels, W., 2003. Spectrum of ants associated with Araucaria angustifolia trees and their relations to hemipteran trophobionts. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 38, 199-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/snfe.38.3.199.28165.
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3030 Lutinski, J. A., Lopes, B. C., Morais, A. B. B., 2013. Diversidade de formigas urbanas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de dez cidades do sul do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 13 (3), 332-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000300033.
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3232 Maravalhas, J., Delabie, J. H. C., Macedo, R. G., Morais, H. C., 2012. Tree-dwelling ants: contrasting two Brazilian Cerrado plant species without extrafloral nectaries. Psyche. 2012, 172739. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/172739.
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3636 Melo, T. da S., Peres, M. C. L., Chavari, J. L., Brescovit, A. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2014. Ants (Formicidae) and spiders (Araneae) listed from the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Brazil. Check List 10 (2), 355-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355...
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3737 Miranda, P. N., Oliveira, M. A., Baccaro, F. B., Morato, E. F., Delabie, J. H. C., 2012. Check list of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the eastern Acre, Amazon, Brazil. Check List 8 (4), 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.4.722.
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4040 Neves, F. S., Queiroz-Dantas, K. S., da Rocha, W. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2013. Ants of three adjacent habitats of a transition region between the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes: the effects of heterogeneity and variation in Canopy Cover. Neotrop. Entomol. 42 (3), 258-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0123-7.
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4141 Oliveira, F. M. P., Ribeiro-Neto, J. D., Andersen, A. N., Leal, I. R., 2017. Chronic anthropogenic disturbance as a secondary driver of ant community structure: interactions with soil type in Brazilian Caatinga. Environ. Conserv. 44 (2), 115-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892916000291.
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4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
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5050 Rodrigues, C. A., Araújo, M. D. S., Cabral, P. I. D., Lima, R., Bacci, L., Oliveira, M. A., 2008. Comunidade de formigas arborícolas associadas ao Pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense) em fragmento de Cerrado Goiano. Pesqui. Florest. Bras. 57, 39-44.,
5353 Santos, L. R., Feitosa, R. M., Carneiro, M. A. A., 2017. The role of senescent stem-galls over arboreal ant communities structure in Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish (Asteraceae) trees. Sociobiology 64 (1), 7-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v64i1.1174.
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5656 Santos, R. D. J., Koch, E. B. A., Leite, C. M. P., Porto, T. J., Delabie, J. H. C., 2017. An assessment of leaf-litter and epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) living in different landscapes of the Atlantic Forest Biome in the State of Bahia, Brazil. J. Insect Biodivers. 5 (19), 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.19.
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6868 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Landeiro, V. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Fernandes, I. O., 2016. Taxonomic sufficiency and indicator taxa reduce sampling costs and increase monitoring effectiveness for ants. Divers. Distrib. 22 (1), 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371.
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7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
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,
7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
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7474 Viana-Silva, F. E. C., Jacobi, C. M., 2012. Myrmecofauna of ironstone outcrops: composition and diversity. Neotrop. Entomol. 41 (4), 263-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-012-0045-9.
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Figure 49
Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C. minutus. I: C. laminatus. J: C. minutus.
Figure 50
Soldiers of pusillus group. A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D: C. inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus.
Figure 51
Distribution maps of
pusillus group in Brazil. White star: type locality. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
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66 Cantarelli, E. B., Fleck, M. D., Granzotto, F., Corassa, J. N., d’Avila, M., 2015. Diversidade de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) da serrapilheira em diferentes sistemas de uso do solo. Cienc. Florest. 25 (3), 607-616. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509819612.
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77 Castro, F. S., Gontijo, A. B., Castro, P. D. T. A., Ribeiro, S. P., 2012. Annual and seasonal changes in the structure of litter-dwelling ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Atlantic semideciduous forests. Psyche. 2012, 959715. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/959715.
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6767 Sousa-Souto, L., Figueiredo, P. M. G., Ambrogi, B. G., Oliveira, A. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Neves, F. S., 2016. Composition and richness of arboreal ants in fragments of Brazilian Caatinga: effects of secondary succession. Sociobiology 63 (2), 762-769. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i2.909.
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6868 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Landeiro, V. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Fernandes, I. O., 2016. Taxonomic sufficiency and indicator taxa reduce sampling costs and increase monitoring effectiveness for ants. Divers. Distrib. 22 (1), 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371.
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7171 Ulysséa, M. A., Brandão, C. R. F., 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: A compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 57 (2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000002.
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,
7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.20...
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7373 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Magnusson, W. E., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2006. Long-term effects of forest fragmentation on Amazonian ant communities. J. Biogeogr. 33 (8), 1348-1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01516.x.
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).
Figure 52
Distribution map of solidus group in Brazil. White star: type locality. Blue triangle: record not examined from literature. (Literature source: 1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie]).
Figure 53
Distribution map of
umbraculatus group in Brazil. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1212 Silva de Oliveira, A. B., Schmidt, F. A., 2019. Ant assemblages of Brazil nut trees Bertholletia excelsa in forest and pasture habitats in the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Biodivers. Conserv. 28 (2), 329-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1657-0.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-165...
,
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
2323 Gomes, E. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Souza, T. M. S., Sousa-Souto, L., 2014. Ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three different stages of forest regeneration in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Sergipe, Brazil. Sociobiology 61 (3), 250-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v61i3.250-257.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
,
3636 Melo, T. da S., Peres, M. C. L., Chavari, J. L., Brescovit, A. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2014. Ants (Formicidae) and spiders (Araneae) listed from the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Brazil. Check List 10 (2), 355-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355...
,
4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/201...
,
6868 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Landeiro, V. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Fernandes, I. O., 2016. Taxonomic sufficiency and indicator taxa reduce sampling costs and increase monitoring effectiveness for ants. Divers. Distrib. 22 (1), 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371...
,
7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.20...
).
Figure 54
The maximum clade credibility tree from phylogenetic analyses performed by Price et al. (2016) based on morphological and molecular data. The tree has been trimmed to include only those species known from Brazil. The labels for the species groups follow our proposals, including the synonymies, and the previous names for the synonymized groups are shown in grey.
Figure 52
Distribution map of solidus group in Brazil. White star: type locality. Blue triangle: record not examined from literature. (Literature source: 1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie]).
Figure 53
Distribution map of
umbraculatus group in Brazil. Black circles: material examined. Red squares: new records. Blue triangles: records not examined from literature. (Literature source:
1212 Silva de Oliveira, A. B., Schmidt, F. A., 2019. Ant assemblages of Brazil nut trees Bertholletia excelsa in forest and pasture habitats in the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Biodivers. Conserv. 28 (2), 329-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1657-0.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-165...
,
1313 Andrade, M. L., Baroni-Urbani, C., 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, Past and Present. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde. Ser. B 271, 1-889. [Geologie und Paläontologie],
2323 Gomes, E. C. F., Ribeiro, G. T., Souza, T. M. S., Sousa-Souto, L., 2014. Ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three different stages of forest regeneration in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Sergipe, Brazil. Sociobiology 61 (3), 250-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v61i3.250-257.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology....
,
3636 Melo, T. da S., Peres, M. C. L., Chavari, J. L., Brescovit, A. D., Delabie, J. H. C., 2014. Ants (Formicidae) and spiders (Araneae) listed from the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Brazil. Check List 10 (2), 355-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.355...
,
4545 Prado, L. P., Feitosa, R. M., Triana, S. P., Gutiérrez, J. A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Silva, R. A., Siqueira, G. M., Santos, C. L. C., Silva, F. V., Silva, T. S. R., Casadei-Ferreira, A., Silva, R. R., Andrade-Silva, J., 2019. An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59, e20195938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/201...
,
6868 Souza, J. L. P., Baccaro, F. B., Landeiro, V. L., Franklin, E., Magnusson, W. E., Pequeno, P. A. C. L., Fernandes, I. O., 2016. Taxonomic sufficiency and indicator taxa reduce sampling costs and increase monitoring effectiveness for ants. Divers. Distrib. 22 (1), 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12371...
,
7272 Vasconcelos, H. L., Vilhena, J. M. S., Facure, K. G., Albernaz, A. L. K. M., 2010. Patterns of ant species diversity and turnover across 2000 km of Amazonian floodplain forest. J. Biogeogr. 37 (3), 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02230.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.20...
).
Figure 54
The maximum clade credibility tree from phylogenetic analyses performed by Price et al. (2016) based on morphological and molecular data. The tree has been trimmed to include only those species known from Brazil. The labels for the species groups follow our proposals, including the synonymies, and the previous names for the synonymized groups are shown in grey.