The first complete mitochondrial genomes of three dobsonfly species (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) from Pakistan with phylogenetic implications

Hassan, Muhammad Asghar; Shen, Rongrong; Ali, Muhammad; Liu, Xingyue

doi:10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0112

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Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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Articles • Rev. Bras. entomol. 66 (spe) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0112 copy

The first complete mitochondrial genomes of three dobsonfly species (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) from Pakistan with phylogenetic implications

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Megaloptera is a small holometabolous insect order that includes two genera and three species of Corydalidae in Pakistan. Here we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of these three Pakistani corydalids: Nevromus intimus (McLachlan, 1869) (16,614 bp), Protohermes motuoensis Liu & Yang, 2006 (16,238 bp), and Protohermes walkeri Navás, 1929 (16,514 bp). It also represents the first set of complete mitogenomes sequenced for Neuropterida in Pakistan. The gene order was found to be similar to other published dobsonfly mitogenomes except the variable length of the non-coding region in each species. The phylogenetic analysis using 13 protein-coding genes by Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference yielded largely consistent topologies, in which the phylogenetic positions of the three species herein studied are recovered.

Keywords:
Phylogenetic analysis,; Mitochondrial genome,; Neuropterida,; Corydalinae,; Northern Pakistan

S.N.	Order	Family	Species	Number (bp)	Accession number	Locality	References
1	Megaloptera	Corydalidae	Acanthacorydalis orientalis	15753	KF840564	China (Sichuan)	Wang et al. (2014)Wang, Y.R., Wang, Y.Y., Chang, W.C., Liu, X.Y., Yang, D., 2014. Sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the giant dobsonfly Acanthacorydalis orientalis (McLachlan) (Insecta: Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Zool. Syst. 39, 209-223.
2			Chloroniella peringueyi	15764	MW642269	South Africa (Elandsbos River)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
3			Corydalus cornutus	15687	FJ171323	Florida	Beckenbach and Stewart (2009)Beckenbach, A.T., Stewart, J.B., 2009. Insect mitochondrial genomics 3: the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of representatives from two neuropteroid orders: a dobsonfly (order Megaloptera) and a giant lacewing and an owlfly (order Neuroptera). Genome. 52, 31-38.
4			Platyneuromus soror	15750	MW642273	Mexico (Veracruz)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
5			Protohermes motuoensis	16238	ON209202	Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)	Present study
6			Protohermes motuoensis	15849	MW642284	China (Tibet)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
7			Protohermes walkeri	16522	2573900	Pakistan (Azad Kashmir)	Present study
8			Protohermes cangyuanensis	15826	MW642275	China (Yunnan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
9			Protohermes concolorus	15851	EU526394	China (Yunnan)	Hua et al. (2009)Hua, J., Li, M., Dong, P., Xie, Q., Bu, W., 2009. The mitochondrial genome of Protohermes concolorus Yang et Yang, 1988 (Insecta: Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Mol. Biol. Rep. 36, 1757-1765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-008-9379-0. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-008-9379-...
10			Protohermes concolorus	15852	MW642276	China (Yunnan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
11			Protohermes costalis	10413	MW642321	China (Guangxi)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
12			Protohermes davidi	15851	MW642277	China (Sichuan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
13			Protohermes dichrous	15827	MW642278	Malaysia (Borneo)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
14			Protohermes differentialis	15255	MW642303	China (Guangxi)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
15			Protohermes flavinervus	15854	MW642279	China (Yunnan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
16			Protohermes grandis	15840	MW642280	Japan (Oita)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
17			Protohermes gutianensis	15434	MW642304	China (Fujian)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
18			Protohermes hainanensis	15841	MW642281	China (Hainan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
19			Protohermes infectus	15848	MW642282	China (Tibet)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
20			Protohermes latus	15852	MW642283	China (Tibet)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
21			Protohermes basimaculatus	15838	MW642274	China (Yunnan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
22			Protohermes niger	15749	MW642285	China (Yunnan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
23			Protohermes similis	15844	MW642286	China (Sichuan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
24			Protohermes sinensis	14774	MW642305	China (Hubei)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
25			Protohermes sinuolatus	15851	MW642287	Laos (Attapeu)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
26			Protohermes spectabilis	15869	MW642288	Malaysia (Borneo)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
27			Protohermes subnubilus	15511	MW642306	China (Yunnan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
28			Protohermes tonkinensis	14291	MW642320	China (Yunnan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
29			Protohermes xanthodes	15846	MW642289	China (Hunan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
30			Neoneuromus sikkimmensis	15767	MW965204	China (Yunnan)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
31			Neoneuromus latratus	15772	MW965206	China (Yunnan)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
32			Neoneuromus coomani	15766	MW965203	Laos (Champasak)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
33			Neoneuromus indistinctus	15770	MW965202	China (Yunnan)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
34			Neoneuromus maclachlani	15770	MW965201	China (Hubei)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
35			Neoneuromus vanderweelei	15767	MW965200	China (Yunnan)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
36			Neoneuromus fenestralis	15769	MW965199	China (Yunnan)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
37			Neoneuromus maculatus	15772	MW965197	Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
38			Neoneuromus niger	15772	MW965196	Vietnam (Kon Tum)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
39			Neoneuromus similis	15771	MW965198	China (Fujian)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
40			Neoneuromus orientalis	15771	MW965205	China (Anhui)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
41			Neoneuromus ignobilis	15768	MW642272	China (Zhejiang)	Tu et al. (2021)Tu, Y.Z., Lin, A.L., Jiang, Y.L., Liu, X.Y., 2021. Comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics among species of the Oriental dobsonfly genus Neoneuromus van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: corydalidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 24, 1257-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08....
42			Neoneuromus tonkinensis	15776	KP126231	Vietnam (Vinh Phuc)	Jiang et al. (2015)Jiang, Y.L., Zhou, Y.J., Wang, Y.Y., Yue, L., Yan, Y., Wang, M.Q., Liu, X.Y., 2015. Complete mitochondrial genomes of two Oriental dobsonflies, Neoneuromus tonkinensis (van der Weele) and Nevromus exterior (Navás) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae), and phylogenetic implications of Corydalinae. Zootaxa. 3964, 44-62. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3964.1.2. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3964.1....
43			Nevromus exterior	15763	KP126232	Vietnam (Bac Kan)	Jiang et al. (2015)Jiang, Y.L., Zhou, Y.J., Wang, Y.Y., Yue, L., Yan, Y., Wang, M.Q., Liu, X.Y., 2015. Complete mitochondrial genomes of two Oriental dobsonflies, Neoneuromus tonkinensis (van der Weele) and Nevromus exterior (Navás) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae), and phylogenetic implications of Corydalinae. Zootaxa. 3964, 44-62. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3964.1.2. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3964.1....
44			Nevromus intimus	16614	ON209201	Pakistan (Punjab)	Present study
45			Neochauliodes fraternus	15768	MW642326	China (Zhejiang)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
46			Neochauliodes formosanus	14476	MW642325	China (Guangdong)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
47		Sialidae	Sialis jiyuni	15590	MW642261	China (Sichuan)	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
48		Sialidae	Sialis koreana	15537	MW642300	Korea	Jiang et al. (2022)Jiang, Y.L., Yue, L., Yang, F., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Price, B.W., Contreras-Ramos, A., Hayashi, F., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Yeates, D.K., Yang, D., Liu, X.Y., 2022. Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. Cladistics. 38, 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12494...
49	Raphidioptera	Raphidiidae	Mongoloraphidia harmandi	16006	FJ859902	Japan	Cameron et al. (2009)Cameron, S.L., Sullivan, J., Song, H., Miller, K.B., Whiting, M.F., 2009. A mitochondrial genome phylogeny of the Neuropterida (lace-wings, alderflies and snakeflies) and their relationship to the other holometabolous insect orders. Zool. Scr. 38, 575-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.0...

Subset Partitions	Best Model	Alignment
COX1, ND3, ATP6, COX2, CYTB, COX3	GTR+I+G	814-2334 6892-7212 1-651 2335-3012 3799-4935 3013-3798;
ND2, ATP8, ND6	GTR+I+G	5878-6891 652-813 10540-11043;
ND1, ND5, ND4L, ND4	GTR+I+G	4936-5877 8842-10539 8548-8841 7213-8547;

Gene	Direction	Position (bp)	Size (bp)	IGN ^*	Anticodon	Start Codon	Stop Codon
tRNA^Ile	F	1―63	63		GAT
tRNA^Gln	R	61―129	69	-3	TTG
tRNA^Met	F	136―204	69	6	CAT
ND2	F	205―1222	1018	0		ATT	TGT
tRNA^Trp	R	1223―1288	66	0	TCA
tRNA^Cys	F	1281―1345	65	-8	GCA
tRNA^Tyr	R	1346―1410	65	0	GTA
COI	F	1403―2944	1542	-8		ATT	TAA
tRNA^Leu(UUR)	F	2946―3010	65	1	TAA
COII	F	3013―3696	684	2		ATG	TAA
tRNA^Lys	F	3698―3767	70	1	CTT
tRNA^Asp	F	3768―3835	68	0	GTC
ATP8	F	3836―3991	156	0		ATT	TAA
ATP6	F	3988―4643	656	-4		ATG	TAA
COIII	F	4662―5448	787	18		ATG	GCT
tRNA^Gly	F	5449―5511	63	0	TCC
ND3	F	5512―5863	352	0		ATT	ACT
tRNA^Ala	F	5864―5928	65	0	TGC
tRNA^Arg	F	5946―6007	62	17	TCG
tRNA_Asn	F	6007―6073	67	-1	GTT
tRNA^Ser(AGN)	F	6074―6140	67	0	GCT
tRNA^Glu	F	6141―6205	65	0	TTC
tRNA^Phe	R	6204―6266	63	-2	GAA
ND5	R	6267―7992	1726	0		AAA	AAT
tRNA^His	R	7993―8056	64	0	GTG
ND4	R	8057―9395	1339	0		ACA	CAT
ND4L	R	9389―9685	297	-7		TTA	CAT
tRNA^Thr	F	9688―9750	63	2	TGT
tRNA^Pro	R	9751―9815	65	0	TGG
ND6	F	9818―10333	516	2		ATT	TAA
CytB	F	10330―11464	1135	-4		ATG	ATT
tRNA^Ser(UCN)	F	11465―11531	67	0	TGA
ND1	R	11544―12497	954	12		TTA	CAA
tRNA^Leu(CUN)	R	12499―12561	63	1	TAG
lrRNA	R	12562―13875	1314	0		ATT	TAA
tRNA^Val	R	13876―13945	70	0	TAC
srRNA	R	13946―14717	772	0		ATC	TAA
Control region	-	14718―16585	1867	0		GCC	ATA

Gene	Direction	Position (bp)	Size (bp)	IGN ^*
tRNA^Ile	F	1―63	63		GAT
tRNA^Gln	R	61―129	69	-3	TTG
tRNA^Met	F	134―201	68	4	CAT
ND2	F	202―1219	1018	0		ATT	TTT
tRNA^Trp	R	1220―1285	66	0	TCA
tRNA^Cys	F	1278―1341	64	-8	GCA
tRNA^Tyr	R	1342―1406	65	0	GTA
COI	F	1399―2940	1542	-8		ATT	TAA
tRNA^Leu(UUR)	F	2942―3006	65	1	TAA
COII	F	3009―3692	684	2		ATG	TAA
tRNA^Lys	F	3694―3763	70	1	CTT
tRNA^Asp	F	3764―3830	67	0	GTC
ATP8	F	3831―3989	159	0		ATA	TAA
ATP6	F	3983―4657	675	-7		ATG	TAA
COIII	F	4657―5443	787	-1		ATG	GTT
tRNA^Gly	F	5444―5506	63	0	TCC
ND3	F	5507―5858	352	0		ATC	ATT
tRNA^Ala	F	5859―5923	65	0	TGC
tRNA^Arg	F	5941―6003	63	17	TCG
tRNA^Asn	F	6003―6068	66	-1	GTT
tRNA^Ser(AGN)	F	6069―6135	67	0	GCT
tRNA^Glu	F	6136―6200	65	0	TTC
tRNA^Phe	R	6199―6261	63	-2	GAA
ND5	R	6262―7987	1726	0		AAA	AAT
tRNA^His	R	7988―8050	63	0	GTG
ND4	R	8051―9389	1339	0		AAA	CAT
ND4L	R	9383―9679	297	-7		TTA	CAT
tRNA^Thr	F	9682―9744	63	2	TGT
tRNA^Pro	R	9745―9809	65	0	TGG
ND6	F	9812―10327	516	2		ATT	TAA
CytB	F	10327―11461	1135	-1		ATG	ATT
tRNA^Ser(UCN)	F	11462―11528	67	0	TGA
ND1	R	11541―12494	62	12		TTA	CAA
tRNA^Leu(CUN)	R	12496―12557	62	1	TAG
lrRNA	R	12558―13869	1312	0		ATT	CTT
tRNA^Val	R	13870―13939	70	0	TAC
srRNA	R	13940―14713	774	0		ATC	TTA
Control region	-	14712―16238	1527	-2		GCC	TAA

Gene	Direction	Position (bp)	Size (bp)	IGN ^*	Anticodon	Start Codon	Stop Codon
tRNA^Ile	F	1―65	65		GAT
tRNA^Gln	R	66―134	69	0	TTG
tRNA^Met	F	134―202	69	-1	CAT
ND2	F	203―1219	1017	0		ATT	TAA
tRNA^Trp	R	1218―1284	67	-2	TCA
tRNA^Cys	F	1277―1340	64	-8	GCA
tRNA^Tyr	R	1341―1404	64	0	GTA
COI	F	1397―2937	1541	-8		ATT	GTA
tRNA^Leu(UUR)	F	2938―3001	64	0	TAA
COII	F	3004―3687	684	2		ATG	TAA
tRNA^Lys	F	3688―3757	70	0	CTT
tRNA^Asp	F	3758―3824	67	0	GTC
ATP8	F	3825―3983	159	0		ATT	TAA
ATP6	F	3977―4651	675	-7		ATG	TAA
COIII	F	4651―5437	787	-1		ATG	GTT
tRNA^Gly	F	5438―5499	62	0	TCC
ND3	F	5500―5851	352	0		ATT	ACT
tRNA^Ala	F	5852―5914	63	0	TGC
tRNA^Arg	F	5929―5992	64	14	TCG
tRNA^Asn	F	5992―6056	65	-1	GTT
tRNA^Ser(AGN)	F	6057―6122	66	0	GCT
tRNA^Glu	F	6123―6187	65	0	TTC
tRNA^Phe	R	6186―6248	63	-2	GAA
ND5	R	6249―7974	1726	0		AAA	AAT
tRNA^His	R	7975―8037	63	0	GTG
ND4	R	8038―9376	1339	0		ACA	CAT
ND4L	R	9370―9666	297	-7		TTA	CAT
tRNA^Thr	F	9669―9731	63	2	TGT
tRNA^Pro	R	9732―9797	66	0	TGG
ND6	F	9800―10315	516	2		ATT	TAA
CytB	F	10315―11449	1135	-1		ATG	TTT
tRNA^Ser(UCN)	F	11451―11517	67	1	TGA
ND1	R	11530―12483	954	12		TTA	CAA
tRNA^Leu(CUN)	R	12485―12546	62	1	TAG
lrRNA	R	12547―13859	1313	0		ATT	ATG
tRNA^Val	R	13860―13929	70	0	TAC
srRNA	R	13930―14757	828	0		TTA	TAA
Control region	-	14758―16614	1858	0		TAA	TAA

Sociedade Brasileira De Entomologia Caixa Postal 19030, 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brasil , Tel./Fax: +55 41 3266-0502 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: sbe@ufpr.br

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[1] *Corresponding author.E-mail:xingyue_liu@yahoo.com (X. Liu).