Three new species of <i>Zygothrica</i> (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Neotropical region, Brazil

Zygothrica (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an almost entirely Neotropical genus, with thirteen species found in other biogeographical regions. The genus includes around 130 valid species, of which 54 occur in Brazil. There have been no new descriptions of species of this genus since the 1987s, although a large number of undescribed species are recognized in entomological collections. Here, three species of Zygothrica Wiedemann (1830) are described from Brazil, and figures are presented for external morphology and terminalia.

Keywords:
Neotropical biodiversity; Mycophagy; Drosophilinae; Taxonomy

Authorship

Mayara F. Mendes ^**Corresponding author. E-mail: ferreiramendesmayara@gmail.com (M.F. Mendes).

Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrasilPelotas, RS, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrasilPelotas, RS, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7551-639X

Monica L. Blauth

Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biologia (IB), Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética (DEZG), Pelotas, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrasilPelotas, RS, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biologia (IB), Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética (DEZG), Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2338-7829

Marco S. Gottschalk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9453-4331

*Corresponding author. E-mail: ferreiramendesmayara@gmail.com (M.F. Mendes).

Associate Editor: Marcia Couri

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Author contribution statement

All authors participated in writing the manuscript and wrote the first draft of the manuscript as part of MFM’ M.Sc dissertation at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil. M.Sc MFM and Dr. MSG identified the insects.

In this study, we identify specimens collected in several localities from Brazil that have been deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CEIOC), RJ, Brazil.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (10)

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Figure 1
Zygothrica japunibaensis sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

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Figure 2
Zygothrica japunibaensis sp. nov., Holotype ♂. a: head, front view; b: thorax, dorsal view; c: abdomen, dorsal view; d: epandrium, cerci, surstyli, and subepandrial sclerite, posteroventral view; e: phallus, phallapodeme, hypandrium, pregonites, and postgonites, ventral view. Scale bars: a, b, c: 0.5 mm; d, e: 0.1 mm.

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Figure 3
Zygothrica japunibaensis sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Male terminalia. a: epandrium, cerci, surstyli, and subepandrial sclerite, posterior view; b: phallus, phallapodeme, hypandrium, pregonites, and postgonites, ventral view; c-e: phallus and phallapodeme, dorsal, ventral, and oblique lateral views, respectively. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epan, epandrium; post, postgonite; hypan, hypandrium; phapod, phallapodeme; sur, surstylus; prens, prensisetae.

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Figure 4
Zygothrica duovittata sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

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Figure 5
Zygothrica duovittata sp. nov., Holotype ♂. a: head, frontal view; b: thorax, dorsal view; c: epandrium, cerci, surstyli and subepandrial sclerite, ventroposterior view; d: phallus, phallapodeme, and postgonites, lateral view. Scale bars: a-b: 0.5 mm; c-d: 0.1 mm.

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Figure 6
Zygothrica duovittata sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Male terminalia. a: epandrium, cerci, surstyli, and subepandrial sclerite, posterior view; b-c: phallus, phallapodeme, hypandrium, pregonites, and postgonites, ventral view; d-e: phallus and phallapodeme, ventral and lateral views, respectively. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epan, epandrium; post, postgonite; preg, pregonite; hypan, hypandrium; sur, surstylus; prens, prensisetae.

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Figure 7
Zygothrica grajau sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

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Figure 8
Zygothrica grajau sp. nov., Holotype ♂. a: head, frontal view; b: thorax, dorsal view; c: abdomen, dorsal view; d: epandrium, cerci, surstyli, and subepandrial sclerite, posteroventral view; e-f: phallus, phallapodeme, and postgonites, ventral view; f: phallus, phallapodeme, and postgonites, ventral view. Scale bars: a-c: 0.5 mm; d-f: 0.1 mm.

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Figure 9
Zygothrica grajau sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Male terminalia. a: epandrium, cerci, surstyli, and subepandrial sclerite, posteroventral view; b: hypandrium, postgonites, pregonites, phallus and phallapodeme, ventral view; c-e: phallus, phallapodeme, and postgonites in frontal, lateral, and oblique lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; post, postgonite; hypan, hypandrium; sur, surstylus; prens, prensisetae.

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Figure 10
Wings of the new Zygothrica species described. a: Zygothrica japunibaensis sp. nov. Holotype ♂; b: Zygothrica duovittata sp. nov. Holotype ♂; c: Zygothrica grajau sp. nov. Holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figure 1 Zygothrica japunibaensis sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Lateral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Figure 2 Zygothrica japunibaensis sp. nov., Holotype ♂. a: head, front view; b: thorax, dorsal view; c: abdomen, dorsal view; d: epandrium, cerci, surstyli, and subepandrial sclerite, posteroventral view; e: phallus, phallapodeme, hypandrium, pregonites, and postgonites, ventral view. Scale bars: a, b, c: 0.5 mm; d, e: 0.1 mm.

Figure 3 Zygothrica japunibaensis sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Male terminalia. a: epandrium, cerci, surstyli, and subepandrial sclerite, posterior view; b: phallus, phallapodeme, hypandrium, pregonites, and postgonites, ventral view; c-e: phallus and phallapodeme, dorsal, ventral, and oblique lateral views, respectively. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epan, epandrium; post, postgonite; hypan, hypandrium; phapod, phallapodeme; sur, surstylus; prens, prensisetae.

Figure 4 Zygothrica duovittata sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figure 5 Zygothrica duovittata sp. nov., Holotype ♂. a: head, frontal view; b: thorax, dorsal view; c: epandrium, cerci, surstyli and subepandrial sclerite, ventroposterior view; d: phallus, phallapodeme, and postgonites, lateral view. Scale bars: a-b: 0.5 mm; c-d: 0.1 mm.

Figure 6 Zygothrica duovittata sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Male terminalia. a: epandrium, cerci, surstyli, and subepandrial sclerite, posterior view; b-c: phallus, phallapodeme, hypandrium, pregonites, and postgonites, ventral view; d-e: phallus and phallapodeme, ventral and lateral views, respectively. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epan, epandrium; post, postgonite; preg, pregonite; hypan, hypandrium; sur, surstylus; prens, prensisetae.

Figure 7 Zygothrica grajau sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figure 8 Zygothrica grajau sp. nov., Holotype ♂. a: head, frontal view; b: thorax, dorsal view; c: abdomen, dorsal view; d: epandrium, cerci, surstyli, and subepandrial sclerite, posteroventral view; e-f: phallus, phallapodeme, and postgonites, ventral view; f: phallus, phallapodeme, and postgonites, ventral view. Scale bars: a-c: 0.5 mm; d-f: 0.1 mm.

Figure 9 Zygothrica grajau sp. nov., Holotype ♂. Male terminalia. a: epandrium, cerci, surstyli, and subepandrial sclerite, posteroventral view; b: hypandrium, postgonites, pregonites, phallus and phallapodeme, ventral view; c-e: phallus, phallapodeme, and postgonites in frontal, lateral, and oblique lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; post, postgonite; hypan, hypandrium; sur, surstylus; prens, prensisetae.

Figure 10 Wings of the new Zygothrica species described. a: Zygothrica japunibaensis sp. nov. Holotype ♂; b: Zygothrica duovittata sp. nov. Holotype ♂; c: Zygothrica grajau sp. nov. Holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

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Métricas

Three new species of <i>Zygothrica</i> (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Neotropical region, Brazil

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[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: ferreiramendesmayara@gmail.com (M.F. Mendes).