Risk and protective factors related to domestic violence against Brazilian adolescents

Antunes, Juliana Teixeira; Machado, Ísis Eloah; Malta, Deborah Carvalho

doi:10.1590/1980-549720200003.supl.1

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. bras. epidemiol. 23 (Suppl 01) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200003.supl.1 linkcopy

Risk and protective factors related to domestic violence against Brazilian adolescents

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Objective: To describe the factors associated with domestic violence against Brazilian adolescents.

Methodology: Descriptive analysis of the variables and calculation of the prevalence of intrafamily violence reported by the students was performed, followed by multinomial regression with calculation of the adjusted odds ratio to analyze the association between the variables and the outcome investigated.

Results: Black skin color (ORa = 1.9; 95%CI 1.4 - 2.7) and brown (ORa = 1.4; 95%CI 1.0 - 1.9), insomnia (ORa = 1.8; 95%CI 1.4 - 2.4), bullying (ORa = 2.5; 95%CI 1.7 - 3.7) and alcohol consumption (ORa = 1.5; 95%CI 1.1 - 1.9) increased the chances of adolescents suffering an episode of intrafamily violence. Bullying (ORa = 3.9; 95%CI 2.8 - 5.3) and alcohol consumption (ORa = 2.2; 95%CI 1.7 - 2.7) contributed up to 4 times more not to suffer more than one episode of domestic violence. Habits such as eating with family (ORa = 0.7; 95%CI 0.5 - 1.0) and having parents who understand their problems (ORa = 0.6; 95%CI 0.5 - 0,7) proved to be protective factors for intrafamily violence.

Conclusion: Intrafamily violence against adolescents is related to family interactions, psychoactive substance use and violence in the school environment. Thus, it reveals the importance of the participation of parents and guardians in the prevention of violence and risk behaviors in the lives of Brazilian adolescents.

Keywords: Adolescent; Adolescent health; Violence; Domestic violence

	N	(%)	Never	One EDV	More than one EDV
	N	(%)	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)
Total	10,926		86.7 (85.46 - 87.85)	5.7 (5.1 - 6.4)	7.6 (6.7 - 8.5)
I. Sociodemographic characteristics
Age
13 to 15 years	7,119	61.9	85.3 (83.9 - 86.7)	6.1 (5.3 - 6.9)	8.6 (7.6 - 9.6)
16 to 17 years	3,807	38.1	88.9 (87.2 - 90.4)	5.1 (4.3 - 6.2)	5.9 (4.9 - 7.3)
Gender
Male	5,522	50.3	86.4 (84.6 - 88.0)	5.0 (4.2 - 5.9)	8.6 (7.4 - 10.0)
Female	5,404	49.7	87.0 (85.7 - 88.3)	6.5 (5.7 - 7.3)	6.5 (5.6 - 7.5)
Ethnicity
White	4,300	36.2	88.5 (86.9 - 89.9)	4.3 (3.5 - 5.3)	7.2 (6.1 - 8.4)
Black	1,277	13.2	80.9 (77.2 - 84.1)	7.9 (6.1 - 10.2)	11.2 (8.8 - 14.0)
Asian	463	4.1	88.3 (84.1 - 91.5)	5.0 (2.8 - 8.6)	6.7 (4.5 - 9.9)
Multiracial	4,560	43.6	87 (85.4 - 88.4)	6.2 (5.3 - 7.3)	6.8 (5.8 - 7.9)
Indigenous	318	2.9	84.2 (77.5 - 89.2)	6.7 (4.0 - 11.0)	9.1 (5.8 - 13.9)
Maternal schooling
None or incomplete elementary school	2,348	25.0	85.7 (83.6 - 87.5)	6.1 (5.0 - 7.4)	8.2 (6.9 - 9.8)
Incomplete high school	1,352	13.6	84.5 (81.4 - 87.1)	6.5 (4.9 - 8.5)	9.1 (7.2 - 11.3)
Incomplete higher education	2,748	24.1	88.7 (86.8 - 90.3)	4.9 (4.0 - 6.1)	6.4 (5.3 - 7.7)
Complete higher education	2,104	13.7	90.2 (88.2 - 91.8)	4.4 (3.1 - 6.1)	5.4 (4.3 - 6.9)
School
Public	8,287	87.1	86.2 (84.8 - 87.4)	5.9 (5.3 - 6.7)	7.9 (7.0 - 9.0)
Private	2,639	12.9	90.3 (88.6 - 91.8)	4.2 (3.1 - 5.6)	5.5 (4.6 - 6.6)
II. Mental health
Does not have friends	467	4.5	82.2 (77.6 - 86.1)	6.9 (4.4 - 10.7)	10.9 (7.9 - 14.9)
Has friends	10,412	95.5	86.9 (85.7 - 88.1)	5.7 (5.0 - 6.3)	7.4 (6.5 - 8.3)
Does not have insomnia	9,640	88.7	88 (87.0 - 89.0)	5.1 (4.5 - 5.8)	6.9 (6.0 - 7.8)
Has insomnia	1,236	11.3	77 (74.0 - 80.0)	10 (8.4 - 13.0)	13 (11.0 - 15.0)
Victim of bullying
Never	6,116	55.7	90.2 (89 - 91.3)	4.3 (3.7 - 4.9)	5.5 (4.6 - 6.6)
Rarely or sometimes	4,055	37.7	84.4 (82.6 - 86.0)	7.2 (6.2 - 8.4)	8.4 (7.1 - 9.8)
Most of the time or always	691	6.6	70.7 (66.1 - 74.9)	9.6 (7.1 - 13.0)	20 (17.0 - 23.0)
III. Behavior and lifestyle
Does not smoke	10,234	93.4	87.8 (86.7 - 88.9)	5.5 (5.0 - 6.2)	6.6 (5.8 - 7.5)
Smokes	692	6.6	70.7 (65.8 - 75.2)	8.3 (6.0 - 11.0 )	21 (17.0 - 26.0)
Alcohol consumption
No	7,804	70.7	89.5 (88.3 - 90.5)	5.0 (4.4 - 5.7)	5.5 (4.7 - 6.4)
Yes	3,108	29.3	80.2 (78.0 - 82.2)	7.3 (6.2 - 8.6)	12.5 (10.8 - 14.4)
IV. Family context
Has meals with the family five or more days per week
No	3,365	31.3	84 (82.0 - 86.0)			7.8 (6.7 - 9.2)	8.3 (7.1 - 9.6)
Yes	7,541	68.7	88 (87.0 - 89.0)			4.8 (4.2 - 5.5)	7.2 (6.2 - 8.4)
Parents understand their children’s problems
No	3,673	33.1	81.0 (79.0 - 83.0)	8.0 (6.9 - 9.1)	11.0 (9.6 - 13.0)
Yes	7,191	66.9	90.0 (88.0 - 91.0)	4.6 (4.0 - 5.4)	5.9 (5.0 - 6.8)
Family supervision
No	2,112	21.2	79.0 (76.0 - 81.0)	7.2 (5.9 - 8.7)	14.0 (11.8 - 16.6)
Yes	8,767	78.8	89.0 (88.0 - 90.0)	5.3 (4.71 - 6.01)	5.87 (5.16 - 6.67)

	One EDV ORa (95%CI)	p-value	More than one EDV ORa (95%CI)	p-value
I. Sociodemographic characteristics
16 to 17 years	0.8 (0.6 - 1.0)	0.037	0.6 (0.5 - 0.8)	0.001
Female	1.2 (1.0 - 1.5)	0.078	0.8 (0.6 - 1.0)	0.016
Ethnicity
Black	1.9 (1.4 - 2.7)	0.000	1.5 (1.1 - 2.0)	0.013
Asian	1 (0.5 - 1.9)	0.920	0.8 (0.5 - 1.2)	0.244
Multiracial	1.4 (1.0 - 1.9)	0.037	0.9 (0.7 - 1.1)	0.318
Indigenous	1.5 (0.8 - 2.7)	0.206	0.9 (0.5 - 1.6)	0.725
Maternal schooling
Complete elementary school/incomplete high school	1.2 (0.8 - 1.7)	0.367	1.1 (0.8 - 1.5)	0.645
Complete high school/incomplete higher education	0.8 (0.6 - 1.1)	0.170	0.8 (0.6 - 1.1)	0.138
Complete higher education	0.7 (0.5 - 1.2)	0.202	0.6 (0.5 - 0.9)	0.004
Does not know	1.1 (0.8 - 1.5)	0.522	1.0 (0.8 - 1.3)	0.795
II. Mental health
Insomnia	1.8 (1.4 - 2.4)	0.000	1.7 (1.3 - 2.1)	0.000
Victim of bullying
Rarely or sometimes	1.7 (1.4 - 2.1)	0.000	1.5 (1.2 - 1.8)	0.001
Most of the time or always	2.5 (1.7 - 3.7)	0.000	3.9 (2.8 - 5.3)	0.000
III. Behavior and lifestyle
Smokes	1.2 (0.8 - 1.8)	0.387	2.2 (1.6 - 3.0)	0.000
Alcohol consumption	1.5 (1.1 - 1.9)	0.002	2.2 (1.7 - 2.7)	0.000
IV. Family context
Has meals with the family 5 of more days per week	0.7 (0.5 - 1)	0.005	1.0 (0.8 - 1.3)	0.878
Parents understand their children’s problems	0.6 (0.5 - 0.8)	0.000	0.6 (0.5 - 0.7)	0.000
Has family supervision	0.8 (0.7 - 1.1)	0.234	0.5 (0.4 - 0.7)	0.000

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[TFN3] EDV: episode of domestic violence; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.