Use of psychoactive substances among Brazilian adolescents and associated factors: National School-based Health Survey, 2015

Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Machado, Ísis Eloah; Felisbino-Mendes, Mariana Santos; Prado, Rogério Ruscitto do; Pinto, Alessandra Maria Silva; Oliveira-Campos, Maryane; Souza, Maria de Fátima Marinho de; Assunção, Ada Ávila

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. bras. epidemiol. 21 (suppl 1) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720180004.supl.1 copy

Use of psychoactive substances among Brazilian adolescents and associated factors: National School-based Health Survey, 2015

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Aim:

To analyze the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs among schoolchildren according to demographic factors, family context and mental health.

Methods:

We used data from the National School-based Health Survey 2015 and included in the sample 102,301 schoolchildren in the 9^th grade. We estimated the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use in the last 30 days and drug experimentation according to demographic, mental health and family context variables. Then, a bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson’s χ² test and the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Finally, we conducted a multivariate analysis including independent variables with an unadjusted association (p < 0.20), for each outcome, estimating the adjusted OR with a 95% confidence interval.

Results:

The prevalence of tobacco consumption was 5.6%; alcohol consumption, 23.8%; and drug experimentation, 9.0%. Multivariate analysis has indicated that living with parents, having meals with parents or guardian, and family supervision were associated with lower substance consumption; whereas missing classes without parental consent has increased the chances of substance use. Increased chance of substance use was also associated with white skin color, increasing age, to work, feeling lonely and having insomnia. Not having friends was associated with drug and tobacco use, but this was protective for alcohol consumption.

Conclusions:

Family supervision was protective for psychoactive substance use among Brazilian schoolchildren, whereas work, loneliness and insomnia have increased their chances of use.

Keywords:
Alcoholic beverages; Tobacco; Street drugs; Adolescent; Family relations; Schools

Variables	%	(95%CI)	OR	(95%CI)	p-value	OR*	(95%VI)	p-value
Age
< 13	1.5	(0.7 - 3.3)	0.6	(0.3 - 1.2)	0.138	0.6	(0.3 - 1.4)	0.225
13	2.7	(2.5 - 3.0)	1.0			1.0
14	4.3	(4.0 - 4.6)	1.6	(1.5 - 1.8)	< 0.001	1.5	(1.3 - 1.6)	< 0.001
15	8.1	(7.6 - 8.7)	3.1	(2.8 - 3.5)	< 0.001	2.3	(2.1 - 2.6)	< 0.001
16 or more	11.7	(11.1 - 12.3)	4.7	(4.2 - 5.2)	< 0.001	2.9	(2.6 - 3.2)	< 0.001
Sex
Male	5.8	(5.5 - 6.1)	1.0			1.0
Female	5.4	(5.2 - 5.6)	0.9	(0.9 - 1.0)	0.001	1.0	(1.0 - 1.1)	0.364
Skin color
White	5.2	(4.5 - 5.9)	1.0			1.0
Black	7.0	(6.1 - 8.1)	1.4	(1.3 - 1.5)	< 0.001	1.1	(1.0 - 1.2)	0.163
Yellow	4.9	(4.0 - 5.8)	0.9	(0.8 - 1.1)	0.382	0.7	(0.6 - 0.9)	< 0.001
Brown	5.5	(4.8 - 6.3)	1.1	(1.0 - 1.1)	0.061	1.0	(0.9 - 1.0)	0.166
Indigenous	6.5	(5.7 - 7.4)	1.3	(1.1 - 1.5)	0.001	1.0	(0.9 - 1.2)	0.848
Currently working
No	4.8	(4.5 - 5.0)	1.0			1.0
Yes	11.0	(10.5 - 11.5)	2.5	(2.3 - 2.6)	< 0.001	2.0	(1.8 - 2.1)	< 0.001
Living with father and/or mother
No	9.0	(8.3 - 9.8)	1.0			1.0
Yes	5.4	(5.2 - 5.5)	0.6	(0.5 - 0.6)	< 0.001	0.8	(0.8 - 0.9)	< 0.001
Having meals with mother and/or tutor
No	12.0	(11.2 - 13.0)	1.0			1.0
Twice a week or less	7.6	(7.1 - 8.0)	0.6	(0.5 - 0.7)	< 0.001	0.8	(0.7 - 0.9)	< 0.001
3 to 4 times a week	6.5	(5.7 - 7.3)	0.5	(0.4 - 0.6)	< 0.001	0.9	(0.7 - 1.0)	0.09
5 or more times a week	4.6	(4.5 - 4.8)	0.4	(0.3 - 0.4)	< 0.001	0.6	(0.6 - 0.7)	< 0.001
Family supervision
No	10.3	(9.8 - 10.8)	1.0			1.0
Yes	3.2	(3.0 - 3.3)	0.3	(0.3 - 0.3)	< 0.001	0.4	(0.4 - 0.4)	< 0.001
Missing classes without authorization
No	3.7	(3.5 - 3.9)	1.0			1.0
Yes	11.7	(11.3 - 12.1)	3.4	(3.2 - 3.6)	< 0.001	2.5	(2.4 - 2.7)	< 0.001
Feeling lonely
No	4.8	(4.6 - 5.1)	1.0			1.0
Yes	9.4	(8.9 - 9.8)	2.0	(1.9 - 2.2)	< 0.001	1.5	(1.4 - 1.6)	< 0.001
Insomnia
No	4.9	(4.6 - 5.2)	1.0			1.0
Yes	11.3	(10.7 - 11.9)	2.5	(2.3 - 2.7)	< 0.001	1.7	(1.6 - 1.8)	< 0.001
Friends
1 more	5.4	(4.9 - 6.0)	1.0			1.0
None	8.6	(7.8 - 9.5)	1.6	(1.5 - 1.8)	< 0.001	1.2	(1.0 - 1.3)	0.01

Variable	%	(95%CI)	OR	(95%CI)	p-value	OR*	(95%CI)	p-value
Age
< 13	8.5	(6.2 - 11.7)	0.5	(0.3 - 0.7)	< 0.001	2.0	(1.4 - 2.9)	< 0.001
13	16.5	(15.7 - 17.2)	1.0			1.0
14	21.7	(20.9 - 22.4)	1.4	(1.3 - 1.5)	< 0.001	2.7	(1.9 - 3.8)	< 0.001
15	30.0	(29.0 - 31.0)	2.2	(2.1 - 2.3)	< 0.001	3.7	(2.6 - 5.3)	< 0.001
16 or more	35.0	(34.1 - 35.9)	2.7	(2.6 - 2.9)	< 0.001	4.2	(2.9 - 6.0)	< 0.001
Sex
Male	22.4	(21.9 - 22.9)	1.0			1.0
Female	25.1	(24.7 - 25.4)	1.2	(1.1 - 1.2)	< 0.001	1.3	(1.3 - 1.4)	< 0.001
Skin color
White	23.9	(22.4 - 25.4)	1.0			1.0
Black	25.5	(23.8 - 27.2)	1.1	(1.0 - 1.1)	< 0.001	0.9	(0.9 - 1.0)	0.003
Yellow	23.6	(21.7 - 25.6)	1.0	(0.9 - 1.1)	0.692	0.8	(0.8 - 0.9)	< 0.001
Brown	23.1	(21.7 - 24.6)	1.0	(0.9 - 1.0)	0.012	0.9	(0.9 - 0.9)	< 0.001
Indigenous	23.6	(22.2 - 25.1)	1.0	(0.9 - 1.1)	0.728	0.8	(0.8 - 0.9)	< 0.001
Currently working
No	21.6	(21.0 - 22.3)	1.0			1.0
Yes	37.8	(37.0 - 38.6)	2.2	(2.1 - 2.3)	< 0.001	2.0	(1.9 - 2.1)	< 0.001
Living with mother and/or father
No	30.4	(29.2 - 31.7)	1.0			1.0
Yes	23.4	(23.1 - 23.6)	0.7	(0.7 - 0.7)	< 0.001	0.9	(0.8 - 0.9)	< 0.001
Having meals with mother or tutor
No	33.9	(32.7 - 35.2)	1.0			1.0
Twice a week or less	29.7	(29.0 - 30.5)	0.8	(0.8 - 0.9)	< 0.001	1.0	(0.9 - 1.0)	0.319
3 to 4 times a week	28.7	(27.2 - 30.2)	0.8	(0.7 - 0.9)	< 0.001	1.1	(1.0 - 1.2)	0.022
5 times a week or more	21.5	(21.2 - 21.7)	0.5	(0.5 - 0.6)	< 0.001	0.8	(0.7 - 0.8)	< 0.001
Family supervision
No	33.0	(32.4 - 33.7)	1.0			1.0
Yes	19.1	(18.8 - 19.4)	0.5	(0.5 - 0.5)	< 0.001	0.6	(0.5 - 0.6)	< 0.001
Missing classes without authorization
No	20.2	(19.7 - 20.7)	1.0			1.0
Yes	35.7	(35.1 - 36.3)	2.2	(2.1 - 2.3)	< 0.001	1.8	(1.8 - 1.9)	< 0.001
Feeling lonely
No	22.2	(21.5 - 22.8)	1.0			1.0
Yes	32.3	(31.5 - 33.0)	1.7	(1.6 - 1.7)	< 0.001	1.4	(1.3 - 1.4)	< 0.001
Insomnia
No	22.4	(21.7 - 23.2)	1.0			1.0
Yes	34.7	(33.8 - 35.6)	1.8	(1.8 - 1.9)	< 0.001	1.3	(1.3 - 1.4)	< 0.001
Friends
1 or more	23.8	(22.5 - 25.1)	1.0			1.0
None	24.8	(23.6 - 26.1)	1.1	(1.0 - 1.1)	0.1	0.8	(0.8 - 0.9)	< 0.001

Variable	%	(95%CI)	OR	(95%CI)	p-value	OR*	(95%CI)	p-value
Age
< 13	2.9	(1.6 - 5.0)	0.6	(0.3 - 1.1)	0.1	2.3	(1.1 - 4.7)	0.023
13	4.7	(4.3 - 5.1)	1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)		1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)
14	7.4	(6.9 - 7.8)	1.6	(1.5 - 1.8)	< 0.001	3.5	(1.7 - 7.0)	0.001
15	13.5	(12.8 - 14.3)	3.2	(3.0 - 3.5)	< 0.001	5.8	(2.9 - 11.9)	< 0.001
16 or more	15.7	(15.0 - 16.3)	3.8	(3.5 - 4.1)	< 0.001	5.9	(2.9 - 12.0)	< 0.001
Sex
Male	9.5	(9.1 - 9.9)	1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)		1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)
Female	8.5	(8.3 - 8.7)	0.9	(0.9 - 0.9)	< 0.001	1.0	(0.9 - 1.0)	0.094
Skin color
White	9.1	(8.0 - 10.2)	1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)		1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)
Black	10.3	(9.1 - 11.6)	1.2	(1.1 - 1.2)	< 0.001	0.9	(0.8 - 1.0)	0.003
Yellow	8.5	(7.3 - 9.8)	0.9	(0.8 - 1.0)	0.2	0.8	(0.7 - 0.9)	< 0.001
Brown	8.6	(7.6 - 9.7)	1.0	(0.9 - 1.0)	0.0	0.9	(0.8 - 0.9)	< 0.001
Indigenous	7.7	(6.9 - 8.7)	0.8	(0.7 - 1.0)	0.0	0.7	(0.6 - 0.7)	< 0.001
Currently working
No	7.9	(7.5 - 8.3)	1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)		1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)
Yes	15.8	(15.2 - 16.4)	2.2	(2.1 - 2.3)	< 0.001	1.7	(1.6 - 1.8)	< 0.001
Living with mother and/or father
No	13.1	(12.3 - 14.1)	1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)		1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)
Yes	8.7	(8.6 - 8.9)	0.6	(0.6 - 0.7)	< 0.001	0.9	(0.8 - 0.9)	< 0.001
Having meals with mother or tutor
No	15.8	(14.8 - 16.8)	1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)		1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)
Twice a week or less	12.6	(12.1 - 13.2)	0.8	(0.7 - 0.8)	< 0.001	1.0	(0.9 - 1.1)	0.699
3 to 4 times a week	10.9	(9.9 - 12.0)	0.7	(0.6 - 0.7)	< 0.001	1.0	(0.9 - 1.2)	0.665
5 times a week or more	7.5	(7.3 - 7.7)	0.4	(0.4 - 0.5)	< 0.001	0.7	(0.7 - 0.8)	< 0.001
Family supervision
No	14.5	(14.0 - 15.1)	1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)		1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)
Yes	6.1	(5.9 - 6.3)	0.4	(0.4 - 0.4)	< 0.001	0.5	(0.5 - 0.5)	< 0.001
Missing classes without authorization
No	6.5	(6.3 - 6.8)	1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)		1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)
Yes	16.8	(16.4 - 17.3)	2.9	(2.8 - 3.0)	< 0.001	2.2	(2.1 - 2.3)	< 0.001
Feeling lonely
No	8.0	(7.6 - 8.4)	1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)		1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)
Yes	14.1	(13.5 - 14.6)	1.9	(1.8 - 2.0)	< 0.001	1.5	(1.4 - 1.6)	< 0.001
Insomnia
No	8.1	(7.7 - 8.5)	1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)		1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)
Yes	16.1	(15.5 - 16.8)	2.2	(2.1 - 2.3)	< 0.001	1.6	(1.5 - 1.7)	< 0.001
Friends
1 or more	8.8	(8.1 - 9.5)	1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)		1.0	(0.0 - 0.0)
None	13.2	(12.2 - 14.2)	1.6	(1.4 - 1.7)	< 0.001	1.2	(1.1 - 1.3)	< 0.001

Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - 2º andar - sl. 3 - Cerqueira César, 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil , Tel./FAX: +55 11 3085-5411 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revbrepi@usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Corresponding author: Deborah Carvalho Malta. Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, CEP: 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. E-mail: dcmalta@uol.com.br