Income and education level trajectories and changes in the daily consumption of vegetables after thirteen years of follow-up: the <i>Pró-Saúde</i> Study

Berti, Talita Lelis; Cunha, Diana Barbosa; Sichieri, Rosely; Brandão, Joana Maia; Faerstein, Eduardo

doi:10.1590/1980-549720240043

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Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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Original Article • Rev. bras. Epidemiol. 27 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720240043 copy

Income and education level trajectories and changes in the daily consumption of vegetables after thirteen years of follow-up: the Pró-Saúde Study

Trajetórias de renda e nível de educação e mudanças no consumo diário de vegetais após treze anos de acompanhamento: Estudo Pró-Saúde

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study aimed to examine whether education level and income trajectories influence vegetable consumption changes over 13 years among civil servants at different campuses of a university in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods:

Vegetable intake frequency (daily and non-daily consumption), income (per capita), and education level (maintenance of low schooling/ upward mobility/maintenance of high schooling) were assessed at baseline (1999) and in the fourth wave (2011–12) of the Pró-Saúde (Pro-Health) cohort study. A total of 2,381 participants were analyzed. The association between educational and income trajectories and variation in vegetable consumption was assessed via crude and age-adjusted generalized linear models, stratified by sex.

Results:

Men in upward educational mobility showed a 0.5% increase in vegetable consumption (p=0.01), while women in this group demonstrated a 2.5% increase (p=0.05). Adjusted models showed that women who reduced their income had a lower likelihood of consuming vegetables (odds ratio [OR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–0.97).

Conclusions:

The findings highlight the influence of social inequalities on vegetable consumption in adults.

Keywords:
Food consumption; Vegetables; Socioeconomic factors; Social iniquity

Characteristics		n	%
Gender
	Male	1,041	43.7
	Female	1,340	56.3
Age (years)
	22–34	682	28.6
	35–44	1,136	47.7
	45–54	461	19.4
	55–67	102	4.3
Education level
	Incomplete high school	521	21.9
	Complete high school or incomplete higher education	906	38.0
	Higher education or more	954	40.1
Per capita income in minimum wages (tertiles)
	1° tertile (<1.39 MW)	832	34.9
	2° tertile (1.39≤MW≥2.8)	904	38.0
	3° tertile (>2.8 MW)	645	27.1
Total		2,381	100.0

Socioeconomic trajectories		Total		Daily vegetable consumption
		Total		1999	2012	^Δ Δ variation (%) between 1999 and 2011–12.	p-value
		n	%	%	%	%	p-value
Schooling trajectory
	Maintenance in low/middle schooling	459	44.1	28.3	27.7	-0.6	^Ref Ref reference.
	Upward mobility	255	24.5	23.9	25.9	+2.0	0.26
	Maintenance in high schooling	327	31.4	29.9	32.9	+3.0	0.22
Income trajectory
	Maintenance in 1° or 2° tercile	443	42.6	25.5	26.0	+0.5	^Ref Ref reference.
	Upward mobility	199	19.1	27.6	28.1	+0.5	0.01
	Downward mobility	243	23.3	28.8	29.7	+0.9	0.09
	Maintenance in 3° tercile	156	15.0	32.7	36.8	+4.1	0.16
Total		1,041	100.0	27.8	28.9	+1.1	-

Socioeconomic trajectories		Total		Daily vegetable consumption
		Total		1999	2012	^Δ Δ variation (%) between 1999 and 2011–12;	p-value
		n	%	%	%	%	p-value
Schooling trajectory
	Maintenance in low/middle schooling	440	32.8	45.6	48.4	+2.8	^Ref Ref reference.
	Upward mobility	273	20.4	41.5	42.9	+1.4	0.14
	Maintenance in high schooling	627	46.8	40.8	43.3	+2.5	0.05
Income trajectory
	Maintenance in 1° or 2° tercile	464	34.9	41.2	44.8	+3.6	^Ref Ref reference.
	Upward mobility	362	26.9	40.1	42.1	+2.0	0.49
	Downward mobility	272	17.9	45.2	39.8	-5.4	0.87
	Maintenance in 3° tercile	242	20.3	45.9	55.0	+9.1	0.02
Total		1,340	100.0	42.5	44.9	2.4	-

Male		Daily vegetable consumption
Male		OR	p-value	95%CI
Schooling trajectory
	Maintenance in low/middle schooling	Reference
	Upward mobility	0.98	0.23	0.94–1.02
	Maintenance in high schooling	1.02	0.90	0.97–1.03
Income trajectory
	Maintenance in 1° or 2° tercile	Reference
	Upward mobility	0.99	0.57	0.95–1.03
	Downward mobility	0.96	0.14	0.92–1.01
	Maintenance in 3° tercile	1.01	0.55	0.98–1.05
Female		Daily vegetable consumption
Female		OR	p-value	95%CI
Schooling trajectory
	Maintenance in low/middle schooling	Reference
	Upward mobility	1.02	0.39	0.98–1.06
	Maintenance in high schooling	0.99	0.73	0.95–1.03
Income trajectory
	Maintenance in 1° or 2° tercile	Reference
	Upward Mobility	0.98	0.28	0.93–1.02
	Downward Mobility	0.93	<0.01	0.89–0.97
	Maintenance in 3° tercile	0.99	0.77	0.96–1.04

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Diana Barbosa Cunha. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 7^o andar, bloco E, sala 6004, Maracanã, CEP: 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. E-mail: dianabcunha@gmail.com