Number Reference |
Study design/methodology* |
Study range± |
Goals |
Study population** |
Measures used for condom use |
Condom use |
Associated factors identified |
Year of Study realization |
1 Berquó et al., 200817
|
CS |
n = 2,578 (1998); n = 3,960 (2005); Brazil |
To analyze the levels, trends, and sociodemographic differentials of condom use |
GP (16 - 65a) |
Frequency of condom use |
Increased condom use, 12 months and at the last sexual intercourse. Young people (16 - 24 years) are more protected, especially with casual partners |
There was no regional difference in consistent condom use. In stable relationships, Pentecostals reveal the least protection on sex; schooling was proven an important differential factor as to condom use in 1998 |
1998; 2005 |
2 Bertoni et al., 201111
|
CS |
n = 295; RJ/RJ |
To analyze trends and sociodemographic differentials of condom use |
DU |
Frequency of condom use |
40% never used condoms; 60% did not use under the influence of substances |
Being under the influence of drugs |
2006-7 |
3 Calazans et al., 200523
|
CS |
n = 681; SP/SP |
To investigate condom use among teenagers |
Teens |
No condom use among young people in the last sexual intercourse with fixed or casual partners |
Overall level of condom use at the last sexual intercourse 60% in stable relationships: 49%; in casual relationships: 80% |
Condom use more common in casual relationships (p = 0.0001); cohabitation is associated with nonuse with casual and fixed partners. Female, less educated, not working, and family per capita income higher than the minimum wage are associated with not using condoms with fixed partners. Alcohol use in life, first intercourse between 9 and 16 years, poor knowledge about the treatment of AIDS, and mourning for violent causes associated with lower use among casual partners |
2003 |
4 Cerqueira-Santos et al., 200824
|
CS |
n = 1,013; POA/LOL |
To investigate the relationship between the use of condoms and other contraceptive methods and religiosity/spirituality among young people of low socioeconomic status. |
Teens |
Frequency of use to prevent HIV/AIDS and as contraception |
> 80% of the sample reported using condoms |
Boys reported more frequently the use of condoms for both contraceptive purposes and prevention HIV/AIDS transmission of (p < 0.001); older age at first sexual intercourse was a positive predictor of condom use; no significant differences were found for groups of different religions |
2005 |
5 Dal Pogetto et al., 201225
|
CS |
n = 102; SP/SP |
To describe sociodemographic characteristics, gynecological history, and behavioral aspects of prostitutes and to verify associations with STD |
F-SW |
Condom use (yes, no) |
99% used condoms with clients; 26.3% used condoms with a stable partner |
26.3% reported condom use with fixed partners, compared with 99% using it in commercial sex |
2008-9 |
6 Damascena et al., 201126
|
CS |
n = 2,523; 10 Brazilian cities |
To investigate factors associated with the prevalence of HIV |
F-SW |
- |
- |
Not using a condom in negotiation with clients as an important risk factor for HIV |
2009-10 |
7 Darden 200326
|
CS |
n = 2,000; SP/SP, RJ/RJ, BH/MG Porto Alegre/RS |
To introduce a type of condom in Brazil and to research condom use |
M-Straight; Homo M; M-Bi |
- |
58% reported always or usually using condoms in a study that compared those who identified themselves as homosexuals or bisexuals (85%) |
- |
2000 |
8 de Azevedo et al., 200727
|
CS |
n = 252; Campinas/SP |
To assess sexual behavior, risk for HIV infection, and serum prevalence of HIV |
DU-crack |
Condom use (always, occasionally, or never) |
Injecting cocaine users: 25% always, 75% occasionally, and 0% never; crack users: 13% always, 61% sometimes, and 25% never |
- |
2006 |
9 Doreto et al., 200729
|
CS |
n = 90; Ribeirão Preto/SP |
To analyze the knowledge of teens about STDs and transmission, condom use, and health care |
Teens F- |
Condom use (always, sometimes, or never) |
35.2% of the sample reported always using condoms; 25.9% reported never using it, and 38.9% reported using it sometimes |
Drop in condom use by comparing the first versus the most recent sexual intercourse (71.1% to 37.1%) |
2005 |
10 Driemeier et al., 201230
|
CS |
n = 329; Campo Grande/MS |
To assess vulnerability to AIDS among individuals who attend community centers for seniors |
Id |
Condom use in the last year; condom use with a partner with multiple partners |
14% of the sample reported using condoms |
- |
2009 |
11 Fernandes et al., 200031
|
CS |
n = 249; Campinas/SP |
To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women for the prevention of STDs in primary health care |
F |
Frequency of condom use |
10% reported condom use and 7.6% consistent use |
- |
1996-7 |
12 Ferreira et al., 200632
|
CS |
n = 709; Six Brazilian cities |
To describe the profile of MSM-DUs and compare with other male DUs |
MSM-DU |
Condom use in the previous 6 months (always/sometimes/never); unspecified sexual practice |
36.4% reported always using condoms |
34.9% of MSM-DU reported always using condoms versus 25.2% of DU (OR = 1.6; 95%CI 1.0 - 2.6; p = 0.075) |
2000-1 |
13 Fialho et al., 200833
|
CS |
n = 300; SALT/BA |
To assess the prevalence of STDs and blood-borne infections among adolescents deprived of freedom |
Teens-Depr.Fred |
Condom use (always, sometimes, and never) |
27% never used |
Those who reported using condoms were significantly less likely to report a previous STD (OR = 0.06, 95%CI 0.01 - 0.61; p < 0.01) |
2004-5 |
14 Filipe et al., 200534
|
CS |
n = 250; SP/SP |
To describe the risk perception and behavior of HIV-+ve men who had sex with women before knowing they had HIV |
M-HIV + |
Consistent condom use |
Condom with women before diagnosis: 22.6% among heterosexual men; 34.7% among bisexual men |
Consistent use reported by 23% of heterosexuals and 35% of bisexual men (p < 0.05) |
2001-2002 |
15 Greco et al., 200735
|
CS |
n = 1,025; BH/MG |
To describe bisexual men's behavior and sexual identity, condom use, frequency of sexual intercourse, and types of partners and to determine inconsistent condom use rates according to the partner's sex |
M-Bi |
Inconsistent rate of condom use during active and receptive anal sex |
35% of inconsistent condom use for active anal sex with a fixed male partner; around 60% reported condom use with stable partner; between 68 and 86% reported condom use with casual partners; 55% of inconsistent condom use in receptive anal sex with fixed male partner |
Active anal sex associated with lower rates of inconsistent condom use |
1994-2005 |
16 Harrison et al., 199936
|
CHS |
n = 753 followed up for 1.5 years; RJ/RJ |
To evaluate the incidence of HIV in a cohort of adult MSM |
MSM |
Rate of use in receptive anal sex |
59.6% and 43.6% among serum positive and serum negative, respectively, who practiced unprotected receptive anal sex |
- |
1995-7 |
17 Juarez & Le Grand, 200538
|
CS |
-; Recife/PE |
To study condom use among boys at first intercourse |
M-Teens living in slums |
Age at first intercourse and factors associated with not using condoms |
- |
Highest SSE was positively associated with condom use among male adolescents |
- |
18 Kerr et al., 20129
|
CS |
n = 3,859; 10 Brazilian cities |
Conducting national survey of behavioral surveillance of HIV among adult MSM in Brazil |
MSM |
Unspecified type of sexual practice. Condom use with all partners, condom use with casual or commercial partners in the previous 6 months; and condom use at the last sexual intercourse with a man or woman |
Proportion of protected sex with all partners ranged from 30.1% in Manaus to 55.3% in Santos; Proportion of protected sex between casual partners ranged from 50.0% in Curitiba to 77.7% in Campo Grande |
- |
2009 |
19 Lazzarotto et al., 200837
|
CS |
n = 510; Vale dos Sinos/RS |
To evaluate the knowledge about HIV/AIDS in community groups |
Elderly |
Knowledge about condoms and condom use |
86.3% did not use condoms, but it is unclear if this was because of sexual inactivity |
- |
2005 |
20 Martins et al., 200638
|
CS |
n = 1,594; SP/SP |
To compare knowledge about STD/AIDS and to identify factors associated with adequate knowledge and consistent use of male condoms in teenagers from public and private schools |
Teens |
Condom use (always, most often, occasionally, and never) |
Consistent condom use was 60% in private schools and 57.1% in public schools |
Consistent condom use associated with male gender and lower socioeconomic status; consistent use was higher in private schools (p < 0.05) |
- |
21 Miranda et al., 200439
|
CS |
n = 122; Cariacica/ES |
To identify the sociodemographic and health conditions of inmates in a women prison |
F-Depr.Fred |
Frequency of condom use in life |
Women: reported never or rarely having used condoms, either as contraception or for STD prevention, 78.5% of women |
- |
1997 |
22 Nicolau et al., 201240
|
CS |
n = 155; Fortaleza/EC |
To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of female prisoners as to the use of male and female condoms |
F-Depr.Fred |
Percentage of knowledge, attitude, and practices in condom use |
Women: 18.7 and 1.3% reported using male and female condoms, respectively, in all sexual relations |
- |
2010 |
23 Nunes et al., 200741
|
CS |
n = 125; SAL/BA |
To investigate sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and infection rates among crack users in poor communities |
F-DU |
Condom use in the previous 30 days |
58% DU did not use condoms in the last 30 days preceding the interview and 52% reported not keeping condoms at home in the same period |
- |
2001-2 |
24 Paiva et al., 200842
|
CS |
n = 670; SP/SP |
To analyze age and condom use at first intercourse among Brazilian adolescents at two periods: 1998 and 2005 |
Teens |
Condom use at first intercourse |
Condom use at first sex with stable partners in 1998: 48.5% in 2005: 67.7%; condom use at first intercourse with casual partners in 1998: 47.2% and 2005: 62.6% |
Gender, skin color, and schooling |
1998, 2005 |
25 Paiva et al., 201143
|
CS and FG |
n = 250; SP/SP |
To investigate the disclosure of positive HIV status to sexual partners among men hetero and bisexual attended in centers for the treatment of HIV/AIDS |
M-HIV + |
Use of condoms (always, often, sometimes, or never) and anal and vaginal sex rates |
Straight and bisexual: 83.1% reported always using condoms with partners in vaginal sex, 42% reported always using condoms with partners in anal sex. For all partners, 42.2% reported always using in anal sex; 3.1% sometimes, 9.4% never, and 45.3% reported no anal intercourse; in vaginal sex: 83.1% always, 9.7% sometimes, 7.1% never. Among the ones who did not show their HIV status for the partner, 1.9% and 7.7% never used condoms in anal and vaginal sex, respectively, compared with 12.3% and 7.0% of those who revealed their HIV status |
Unprotected sex with HIV-positive partners more often. 83.1% reported always using condoms with their main partner for vaginal sex and 42% for anal sex |
26, 27 Pascom et al., 2010, 201118,19
|
CS |
n = 8,000; Brazil |
To present results of a national study on knowledge, attitudes and practices (PCAP-2008) |
GP (16 - 64a) |
Use at first intercourse for young people aged 15-24 years; the last relationship (any kind of partnership and casual partner); regular use (use in all relations in the previous 12 months) |
Almost 61% of the sexually active Brazilian population aged 15 to 24 years reported having used a condom at first intercourse. 59% at the last sex with casual partners; one-fourth of them reported regular use regardless of the partner, being 19.4% with fixed partners and 45.7% with casual partners |
59% reported condom use at the last sex with casual partners |
2008 |
28 Peres et al., 200244
|
CS |
n = 275; SP/SP |
To investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to AIDS among adolescent male prisoners and to develop an AIDS prevention intervention |
Teens-Depr.Fred |
Consistency of use; condom use in life; and use at the last intercourse before prison |
Male adolescents: 9% consistent use; 35% used at the last sex before prison |
Predictors of condom use included have a condom and the statement "I would use condoms with my girlfriend" |
1998 |
29 Pinto et al., 200545
|
CS |
n = 145; SP/SP |
To analyze the epidemiology of STDs among women who have sex with women in São Paulo |
WSW |
Condom use in the last 3 months |
Among women who have sex with women: 54.5% used condoms when sharing sex toys |
- |
2002-3 |
30 Rocha et al., 200746
|
CS |
n = 960; Pelotas/RS |
To evaluate the prevalence of contraceptive use among adolescents |
Teens |
Use of contraception, including condoms |
88% reported using no contraceptive. Male condom method was the most used (63.2%) |
Low education of adolescents associated with increased risk of nonuse; more frequent use of condoms among boys whose mothers had 9 or more years of schooling, and those reporting sexual partners in the last year |
2002 |
31 Rocha et al., 201321
|
CS |
n = 3,449; 10 Brazilian cities |
To investigate factors associated with unprotected sex among MSM |
MSM |
Factors associated with unprotected sex |
47% of unprotected anal sex story |
Association between unprotected receptive anal sex in the 6 months before the study: living with a male partner; using illicit drugs; having stable partners or having stable and casual trading partners; sex only with male partners; reporting that no or few friends encouraged condom use; homosexual/gay/MSM identity; and being considered at high or moderate risk for HIV infection |
2009-10 |
32 Silva et al., 200247
|
IS |
n = 25; Campinas/SP |
To develop a STD/AIDS prevention program among professional soccer players |
Teens |
Consistent condom use with casual partners compared with fixed partners |
73% of young athletes consistently used condoms with casual partners |
- |
1998/ 1999 |
33,34 Szwarcwald et al., 2005, 20078,20
|
CS |
1997-2002: n = 30,970; 2007; n = 35,432; Brazil |
To assess sexual behavior of young Brazilian boys aged 17 - 20 years |
Conscripts; (17 - 20 years) |
Using condoms during sexual intercourse |
- |
Decreased regular use of condoms in relations with fixed and casual partners compared with the study of 1999 - 2002 |
1997-2002 E 2007 |
35 Taquette et al., 200549
|
CS |
n = 251; RJ/RJ |
To evaluate social and behavioral characteristics in adolescents with sexually transmitted diseases compared with those who have sexually transmitted diseases and to identify risk factors related to STD |
Teens F- |
Use of condoms (always, often, sometimes, or never) |
80.3% of girls with STDs reported not using condoms during sexual intercourse compared with 59% of those without STD |
Those who reported not using condoms were more likely to report having an STD (p < 0.05) |
2001-3 |
36 Trevisol et al., 200550
|
CS |
n = 90; Imbituba/SC |
To examine the prevalence of HIV and potential risk factors among sex workers |
F-SW |
Use of condoms (always, often, sometimes, or never) |
Always: 16.7%; sometimes: 77.8%; never: 5.6% |
Not using condoms correlated with HIV infection |
2003-4 |
37 Tun et al., 200851
|
CS |
n = 658; Campinas/SP |
To compare population estimates of risky sexual behavior and HIV prevalence among male sex workers who have sex with men and nonsex workers |
MSM; M-SW |
Condom use in active and receptive anal intercourse and vaginal sex |
5.0% reported condom use with active anal sex; with receptive anal intercourse, 4.6% reported using a condom, 30% among those who reported unprotected anal sex with at least one partner in the last 2 months (CI: 26 - 35%); 7% among those who reported unprotected anal sex with ≥ 2 partners in the last 2 months (CI: 4 - 10%); 20.5% of condom use in active anal sex; in receptive anal sex: 22.4%; and vaginal sex: 22.7% |
Male sex workers were more likely to practice receptive anal sex and unprotected active anal sex with ≥ 2 male partners and have unprotected vaginal sex with women |
2005-6 |
38 Viana et al., 200752
|
CS |
n = 600; BH/MG |
To assess the factors associated with safe sex among sexually active public school students |
Teens |
Consistent condom use with casual and fixed partner |
51-54% reported always using condoms with regular or fixed partners; 57-61% reported always using condoms with casual partners |
Being a male, attended by health professionals in school activities, and mother's education > 8 years was positively associated with consistent condom use with casual or fixed partner. Secondary education (versus fundamental) and older age were inversely associated with consistent condom use with casual and fixed partners, respectively |
2000 |
39 Villarinho et al., 200253
|
CS and equalizer |
n = 279; Santos/SP |
To describe the vulnerability of sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS among truck drivers |
M-Straight truck |
Consistency of condom use by sex and type of partner: fixed, frequent, or casual |
Condom use reported with key partners (6.0%) (regardless of the type of intercourse).With regular partners: 56.6% in vaginal sex, 45.0% in anal sex and 6.4% in oral sex; with casual partners: 67% in vaginal sex, 54% in anal sex and 46% in oral sex |
- |
1998 |
Intervention assessment |
40 Diaz et al., 200528
|
CS |
n = 763; RJ/RJ; n = 819; BH/MG; n = 714, SAL/BA |
To compare opinions and sexual practices among students in schools with and without sex education programs |
Teens |
Current condom use |
Between 41.0% and 57.0% of sexually active adolescents reported condom use |
Education on sexual physiology, contraception, sexuality, and gender roles. Adjusted OR of condom use among sex education groups compared with controls: RJ: OR = 1.07; 95%CI 0.64 - 1.77; BH: OR = 0.83; 95%CI 0.51 - 1.36; SSA: OR = 1.08; 95%CI 0.51 - 2.28 |
1997 |