Adubação nitrogenada e genótipos de pessegueiros em pomar adensado

Entre os fatores que afetam a produtividade dos pessegueiros, está a nutrição adequada das plantas, sendo o nitrogênio (N) um dos nutrientes primordiais para a cultura. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada de manutenção nos teores foliares de macronutrientes, no crescimento das plantas e na produção de diferentes genótipos de pessegueiros cultivados em alta densidade de plantio, buscando-se recomendar a concentração mais adequada. O experimento foi conduzido entre 2016 e 2018, com seleções avançadas de pessegueiros ‘Cascata 1513’ e ‘Cascata 1067’, e com concentrações de adubação nitrogenada (0; 60; 120 e 180 kg ha-1 de N). Avaliaram-se: massa de poda, diâmetro de tronco, número de frutos por planta, massa dos frutos, produção por planta e teor de macronutrientes nas folhas. O incremento das concentrações de N aumenta o teor do N nas folhas. Para as condições deste experimento, a máxima produção por planta foi obtida para a maior dose de 180 kg ha de N.

Termos para indexação
crescimento vegetativo; número de frutos; Prunus persica; teor foliar

Autoria

Caroline Farias Barreto

Post-doctoral student, Embrapa Clima Temperado, EMBRAPA, Pelotas-RS, Brasil. E-mail: carol_fariasb@hotmail.com Embrapa Clima TemperadoBrasilPelotas, RS, Brasil Post-doctoral student, Embrapa Clima Temperado, EMBRAPA, Pelotas-RS, Brasil. E-mail: carol_fariasb@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5568-5305

Luis Eduardo Correa Antunes

Researcher, Embrapa Clima Temperado, EMBRAPA, Pelotas, RS-Brasil. E-mails: luis.antunes@embrapa.br; gilberto.nava@embrapa.br Embrapa Clima TemperadoBrasilPelotas, RS, Brasil Researcher, Embrapa Clima Temperado, EMBRAPA, Pelotas, RS-Brasil. E-mails: luis.antunes@embrapa.br; gilberto.nava@embrapa.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0341-1476

Letícia Vanni Ferreira

Post-doctoral student, Embrapa Clima Temperado/CAPES, Pelotas-RS, Brasil E-mail: letivf@hotmail.com Embrapa Clima TemperadoBrasilPelotas, RS, Brasil Post-doctoral student, Embrapa Clima Temperado/CAPES, Pelotas-RS, Brasil E-mail: letivf@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-7514

Renan Navroski

PhD student in Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas-RS, Brasil. E-mail: navroski@outlook.com; jorgeatiliobenati@hotmail.com Universidade Federal de PelotasBrasilPelotas, RS, Brasil PhD student in Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas-RS, Brasil. E-mail: navroski@outlook.com; jorgeatiliobenati@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7854-6172

Jorge Atílio Benati

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5970-9175

Gilberto Nava

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8059-1052

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (2)
Tabelas (6)

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Figure 1
Average temperature (A) and monthly precipitation (B) of the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 for Pelotas-RS. Cascata Experimental Station, Embrapa Temperate Clima, in the municipality of Pelotas, RS.

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Figure 2
Trunk diameter (A), green pruning mass (B) and winter pruning mass (C) of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 1
Number of fruits of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in 2016 and 2018.

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Table 2
Number of fruits per plant of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in 2017.

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Table 3
Fruit mass and production per plant of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations.

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Table 4
Production per plant of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in 2017 and 2018.

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Table 5
Nitrogen and phosphorus leaf content of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in 2016, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 6
Phosphorus, calcium and magnesium leaf content of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in 2016, 2017 and 2018.

Figure 1 Average temperature (A) and monthly precipitation (B) of the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 for Pelotas-RS. Cascata Experimental Station, Embrapa Temperate Clima, in the municipality of Pelotas, RS.

Figure 2 Trunk diameter (A), green pruning mass (B) and winter pruning mass (C) of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018.

Table 1 Number of fruits of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in 2016 and 2018.

	Number of fruits per plant
	2016	2018
Cascata 1513	143	107
Cascata 1067	155	110
F_(genotype)	0.3454^ns	0.8071^ns
N concentrations (kg ha^-1)
0	114.25	69.00
60	134.75	120.00
120	158.75	98.00
180	189.25	154.00
F _{(concentration)}	0.0019	0.0002
Linear	*⁽¹⁾	*⁽²⁾
Quadratic	^ns	^ns
F _{(genotype x concentration)}	0.0607^ns	0.1523^ns

^ns
non-significant for regression analysis
^*
significant to 5% probability
⁽¹⁾
y = 111.90 + 0.4150x (R² = 0.9919)
⁽²⁾
y = 75.30 + 0.3883x (R² = 0.7031).

Table 2 Number of fruits per plant of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in 2017.

		Number of fruits per plant
	2017
Selection			N concentrations(kg ha^-1)
Selection			0	60	120	180	Linear	Quadratic
Cascata1513			40.00	49.00	57.00	62.00	^*(1)	^ns
Cascata1067			33.00	102.00	117.00	150.00	^{* (2)}	^ns
Significant _(genotype) gfgbdfb (de geneoacute;tipo)			^ns	^*	^*	^*

^ns
non-significant for regression analysis
^*
significant to 5% probability
⁽¹⁾
y = 40.90+ 0.1233x (R² = 0.9849)
⁽²⁾
y= 45.60 + 0.610x (R² = 0.9199)

Table 3 Fruit mass and production per plant of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations.

	Fruit mass (g)			Production per plant (kg)
	2016	2017	2018	2016
Cascata 1513	78.85 b	99.88 a	49.15 b	10.53 b
Cascata 1067	111.65 a	63.11 b	61.13 a	17.09 a
F_(genotype)	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0001^**
N concentrations (kg ha^-1)
0	92.17	83.68	47.43	10.98
60	92.60	75.59	69.58	12.52
120	91.91	83.62	70.68	15.35
180	104.32	83.09	72.38	16.44
F _{(concentration)}	0.0541^ns	0.5180^ns	0.0004^**	0.0001
Linear	^ns	^ns	^ns	^*(2)
Quadratic	^ns	^ns	^*(1)	^ns
F _{(genotype x concentration)}	0.3370^ns	0.9114^ns	0.1555^ns	0.1011^ns

^ns
non-significant for regression analysis
^*
significant to 5% probability
^**
significant to 1% probability
⁽¹⁾
y= 48.513+0.3822x-0.0014x2 (R² = 0.9437)
⁽²⁾
y = 10.9410 + 0.0320x (R² = 0.9731).

Table 4 Production per plant of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in 2017 and 2018.

Production per plant (kg)
2017
Selection	N concentrations (kg ha^-1)
Selection	0	60	120	180	Linear	Quadratic
Cascata1513	3.96	4.32	5.87	6.41	^*(1)	^ns
Cascata1067	1.78	5.77	7.61	9.06	^{* (2)}	^ns
Significant _(genotype) (genotype)	^*	^ns	^*	^*
2018
Selection	N concentrations (kg ha^-1)
Selection	0	60	120	180	Linear	Quadratic
Cascata1513	3.72	5.27	7.25	7.40	^*(3)	^ns
Cascata1067	3.35	8.42	8.82	14.80	^{* (4)}	^ns
Significant _(genotype)	^ns	^ns	^*	^*

^ns
non-significant for regression analysis
^*
significant to 5% probability
⁽¹⁾
y=3.805+ 0.0148x (R² = 0.9406)
⁽²⁾
y =2.503 + 0.0395x (R² = 0.9407)
⁽³⁾
y = 3.957+ 0.0217x (R² = 0.9192)
⁽⁴⁾
y = 3.635 + 0.0579x (R² = 0.9171).

Table 5 Nitrogen and phosphorus leaf content of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in 2016, 2017 and 2018.

	Nitrogen (%)			Phosphor (%)
	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018
Cascata 1513	3.46	3.75	3.08	0.15	0.27	0.30
Cascata 1067	3.00	3.57	3.38	0.14	0.27	0.27
F_(genotype)	0.1631^ns	0.0665^ns	0.0001^**	0.0008^**	0.9608^ns	0.0001^**
N concentrations (kg ha^-1)
0	2.54	3.36	2.88	0.15	0.27	0.32
60	3.06	3.67	3.26	0.14	0.27	0.28
120	2.96	3.76	3.39	0.14	0.27	0.28
180	3.23	3.85	3.40	0.14	0.28	0.26
F _{(concentration)}	0.0037^**	0.0050^*	0.0001^**	0.1409^ns	0.9608^ns	0.0001^**
Linear	^*(1)	^*(2)	^*(3)	^ns	^ns	^*(4)
Quadratic	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns
F _{(genotype x concentration)}	0.6465^ns	0.0980^ns	0.3229^ns	0.8456^ns	0.9132^ns	0.0699^ns
Normal values ^***	3.30 - 4.50			0.15 - 0.30

^***
= values considered normal according to the CQFS (2016);
^ns
non-significant for regression analysis
^**
significant to 1% probability
^*
significant to 5% probability
⁽¹⁾
y = 2.652 + 0.0033x (R² = 0.7501)
⁽²⁾
)y = 3.426+ 0.0026x (R² = 0.8934)
⁽³⁾
y = 2.979+ 0.0028x (R² = 0.8028)
⁽⁴⁾
y =0.312-0.0003x (R² = 0.8526).

Table 6 Phosphorus, calcium and magnesium leaf content of peach genotypes submitted to different nitrogen fertilization concentrations in 2016, 2017 and 2018.

	Potassium (%)			Calcium (%)			Magnesium (%)
	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018
Cascata 1513	2.21	2.63	3.61	1.79	1.51	1.45	0.58	0.46	0.62
Cascata 1067	2.26	2.53	3.53	1.76	1.50	1.45	0.56	0.47	0.63
F_(genotype)	0.46 ^ns	0.13^ns	0.33^ns	0.80^ns	0.96^ns	0.95^ns	0.55^ns	0.51^ns	0.65^ns
N concentration (kg ha^-1)
0	2.24	2.52	3.70	1.79	1.57	1.50	0.56	0.48	0.62
60	2.24	2.64	3.39	1.80	1.56	1.42	0.58	0.47	0.63
120	2.15	2.59	3.65	1.84	1.54	1.44	0.58	0.47	0.62
180	2.31	2.56	3.53	1.67	1.36	1.42	0.56	0.45	0.64
F _{(concentration)}	0.47^ns	0.58^ns	0.07^ns	0.71^ns	0.35^ns	0.81^ns	0.77^ns	0.87^ns	0.81^ns
Linear	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns
Quadratic	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns	^ns
F _{(genotype x concentration)}	0.76^ns	0.57^ns	0.75^ns	0.47^ns	0.76^ns	0.44^ns	0.75^ns	0.54^ns	0.47^ns
Normal values ^***	1.40 - 2.00			1.70 - 2.60%			0.50 - 0.80

^***
=values considered normal according to CQFS (2016); ns non-significant for regression analysis.

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Métricas

Adubação nitrogenada e genótipos de pessegueiros em pomar adensado

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Mensagem

[TFN0101] ^ns
non-significant for regression analysis

[TFN0102] ^*
significant to 5% probability

[TFN0103] ⁽¹⁾
y = 111.90 + 0.4150x (R² = 0.9919)

[TFN0104] ⁽²⁾
y = 75.30 + 0.3883x (R² = 0.7031).