Alternative budburst inducers for kiwifruit vines grown in an organic system

Marques, Léo Omar Duarte; Mello-Farias, Paulo; Santos, Rodrigo Fernandes dos; Martins, Carlos Roberto; Konzen, Luis Henrique; Malgarim, Marcelo Barbosa

doi:10.1590/0100-29452021313

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Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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Botany and Physiology • Rev. Bras. Frutic. 43 (4) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452021313 copy

Alternative budburst inducers for kiwifruit vines grown in an organic system

Indutores de brotação alternativos para o quivizeiro cultivado em sistema orgânico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Lack of budburst inducers is a major problem in organic production of temperate fruits. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of alternative budburst inducers on kiwifruit vines of cultivar Bruno grown in an orchard in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Inducers efficiency was investigated in both 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons. The first season comprised of ten treatments, which used garlic extract at different concentrations, both, associated with and without mineral oil; Welsh onion extract at different concentrations, both associated with and without mineral oil; just mineral oil; and control (no application). In the second season, evaluation was carried out ith treatments that performed well in the first season, garlic extract atdifferent concentrations associated with mineral oil, just mineral oil and control. The followingvariables were evaluated: budburst percentage, phenology (budburst and flowering), fruit set, number of fruit/plant, fruit mass/ plant, estimate production, mean mass, fruit length and diameter. Results showed that 10% garlic extract + 2% mineral oil induced the highest budburst percentages in both seasons; the position of buds on branches influences budburst; apical buds exhibit the highest budburst percentage; 15% garlic extract causes phytotoxicity to buds; and Welsh onion extract is inefficient to induce budburst.

Index terms
Actinidia deliciosa; dormancy; sustainability; phenology; fruit growing

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E-mail: rbf@fcav.unesp.br

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[TFN0101] ¹
Means followed by different small letters in columns differ by the Tukey’s test (p= 0.05) significance level; 2ns - not significant.

[TFN0102] ^GE
garlic extract;

[TFN0103] ^MO
mineral oil ;

[TFN0104] ^WOE
Welsh onion extract

Treatments	DAA (days after application)
Treatments	14	28	42	56
10% GE + 2% MO	9.37^ns	54.16 a	76.04 a	77.08 a
10% GE	7.29	41.66 ab	72.91 ab	73.95 ab
5% GE	7.29	36.45 bc	69.79 abc	69.79 abc
2% MO	5.20	31.25 bc	61.45 abcd	68.75 abc
5% GE + 2% MO	6.25	30.20 bc	65.62 abcd	66.66 abcd
10% WOE + 2% MO	6.25	28.12 bc	58.33 bcde	60.41bcd
10% WOE	6.25	30.20 bc	55.20 cde	55.20 cd
No application	1.04	09.37 d	48.95 e	52.08 d
15% ** + 2% MO	3.12	28.12 bc	50.00 de	52.08 d
15% GE	3.12	20.83 cd	45.83 e	51.04 d

Treatment	Bud position
Treatment	AB	B1	B2	B3	B4	B5
10% GE	84.37 a A	65.62 a B	54.68 a BC	32.81 abDE	39.06 ab CD	17.18 ab E
5% GE	81.25 a A	48.43 abc B	48.43 abB	42.18 ab BC	25.00 bcC	29.68 ab C
5% GE + 2% MO	81.25 a A	54.68 ab B	40.62 abBC	18.7 c D	28.12 bc CD	29.68 ab CD
10% GE + 2% MO	79.68 ab A	67.18 a AB	45.31 abCD	46.87 a CD	53.12 aB C	32.81 a D
10% WOE + 2% MO	75.00 ab A	53.12 abc B	32.81 bc C	18.75 c C	26.56 bc C	23.43 ab C
2% MO	73.43 ab A	54.68 ab B	32.81 ** C	35.93 abC	21.87 bc C	31.25 a C
10% WOE	71.87 ab A	54.68 ab A	28.12 c B	25.** bc B	14.06 c B	26.56 ab B
15% GE	65.62 abc A	34.37c B	26.56 c BC	18.75 c BC	20.31 bc BC	15.62 ab C
15% GE + 2% MO	60.93 bc A	42.18 ** B	31.25 bc BC	34.37 abBC	20.31 bc CD	10.93 b D
No application	50.00 c A	35.93 bc AB	26.56 c BC	26.56 bc BC	17.18 c C	10.93 b C

Treatment	DAA (days after application)
Treatment	14	28	42	56
10% GE + 2% MO	5.20^ns	16.66^ns	44.79 a	62.50 a
5% GE + 2% MO	1.04	08.33	42.70ab	50.** b
2% MO	0.00	07.29	33.33 bc	44.79 b
15% ** + 2% MO	2.08	13.54	29.16 c	33.33 c
No application	2.08	10.41	32.29 c	43.75 b

	2016-2017season***
Treatment		FS (%)	FP (fruit/plant^-1)		** (kg)		FM (g)		EP (t.ha^-1)		L (cm)		D (cm)
10% GE + 2% MO		71.35^ns	387.8 a		27.40 a		71.02^ns		22.83 a		78.10^ns		40.57^ns
10% GE		69.20	356.5 abc		26.00 a		72.90		21.66 a		78.55		40.67
2% MO		66.50	360.8 ab		25.52 ab		71.92		21.61 ab		77.73		40.32
5% GE + 2% MO		73.85	361.0 ab		25.84 a		71.55		21.52 ab		77.50		40.45
10% WOE		59.79	349.3 abc		25.54 ab		69.10		20.12 ab		77.25		39.75
10% WOE + 2% MO		66.66	343.0 abc		24.26 ab		71.65		20.44 ab		78.55		40.40
5% GE		69.80	358.8 abc		24.46 ab		68.40		20.38 ab		77.20		39.95
15% GE		66.90	351.5 abc		23.68 ab		67.40		19.72 ab		77.37		40.87
No application		66.88	324.3 bc		22.90 ab		70.70		19.08 ab		78.40		40.40
15% GE+ 2% MO		66.16	298.3 c		20.90 b		70.77		17.58 b		78.28		40.37
C.V. (%)		10.11	7.25		7.96		6.12		8.24		3.45		3.59
		2017-2018season****
Treatment		FS (%)		FP (fruit.pl^-1)		PM (Kg)		FM (g)		EP (t.ha^-1)		L (cm)		D (cm)
2% MO		61.56^ns		242.25^ns		16.94^ns		70.00^ns		14.11^ns		74.95^ns		37.00^ns
15% GE + 2% MO		61.15		226.25		15.91		70.22		13.25		76.06		36.70
5% GE + 2% MO		63.80		258.25		18.05		70.05		15.04		75.55		36.30
10% GE + 2% MO		61.63		255.50		17.14		70.10		14.91		77.65		36.95
** application		59.86		238.00		16.62		70.35		15.04		76.35		36.65
C.V (%)		11.58		9.45		10.80		4.20		9.65		4.06		5.37

	Treatments	Phenological stages			Harvest date
2016-2017 season		BB	BBl	FB
	No application	20/09	24/10	29/10	19/05/2017
	15% GE	18/09	22/10	27/10	19/05/2017
	5% GE + 2% MO	16/09	22/10	26/10	19/05/2017
	10% GE + 2% MO	16/09	22/10	26/10	19/05/2017
	10% GE	16/09	22/10	26/10	19/05/2017
	5% GE	16/09	22/10	26/10	19/05/2017
	2% MO	18/09	24/10	26/10	19/05/2017
	10% WOE	20/09	24/10	28/10	19/05/2017
	10% *** + MO	20/09	24/10	28/10	19/05/2017
	15% ** + MO	20/09	24/10	29/10	19/05/2017
2017-2018 season
	2% MO	02/10	04/11	08/11	12/05/2018
	15% GE + 2% MO	30/09	03/11	08/11	12/05/2018
	5% GE + 2% MO	30/09	02/11	06/11	12/05/2018
	10% GE + 2% MO	30/09	02/11	07/11	12/05/2018
	No application	02/10	04/11	08/11	12/05/2018