Crescimento e qualidade de mudas de mangostanzeiro (<i>Garcinia mangostana</i> L.) em resposta à aplicação de ácidos húmicos

O tempo de formação de mudas de mangostanzeiro propagadas por sementes pode ser encarado como o maior gargalo no sistema de produção de mudas dessa espécie. Considerando que o uso de ácidos húmicos como promotor de crescimento vem sendo bem documentado em algumas espécies, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de mudas seminais de mangostanzeiro em resposta à aplicação de doses de ácidos húmicos (AH) extraídos de vermicomposto (0; 2; 20; 40; 200 mg C L-1). A avaliação do crescimento foi realizada por meio das variáveis diâmetro do coleto, altura das plantas, número de folhas, área foliar, matéria seca do caule, matéria seca da folha, matéria seca da parte aérea, matéria seca da raiz, matéria seca total e Índice de qualidade de Dickson. A dose de 150 mg C L-1 foi a que mais se aproximou dos valores máximos e portanto deve ser recomendada para a produção de mudas. Os resultados, aos 240 dias após o plantio (DAP), demonstraram que os AHs incrementam o crescimento de mudas de mangostanzeiro, auxiliando na redução do tempo de formação de mudas em condições para plantio definitivo.

Termos para indexação
Índice de qualidade; vermicomposto; humato

Autoria

Gedeon Almeida Gomes Júnior

Master in Plant Production, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: geda_almeida@hotmail.com State University of Santa CruzBrasilIlhéus, BA, Brasil Master in Plant Production, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: geda_almeida@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1088-5143

Rafaela Alves Pereira

PhD in Plant Production, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: rafaelapereira2511@gmail.com State University of Santa CruzBrasilIlhéus, BA, Brasil PhD in Plant Production, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: rafaelapereira2511@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-9502

George Andrade Sodré

PhD in Plant Production, Adjunct Professor, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: gasodre@hotmail.com State University of Santa CruzBrasilIlhéus, BA, Brasil PhD in Plant Production, Adjunct Professor, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: gasodre@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-8637

Eduardo Gross

PhD in Plant Biology, Adjunct Professor, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: egross@uesc.br State University of Santa CruzBrasilIlhéus, BA, Brasil PhD in Plant Biology, Adjunct Professor, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: egross@uesc.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1057-0432

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas | Fórmulas

Figuras (2)
Tabelas (4)
Fórmulas (1)

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Figure 1
Quadratic regression curves for mangosteen seedlings submitted to humic acid doses (0; 2; 20; 40; 200 mg C L-1). A. Stem diameter (SD), B. Plant height (H), C. Number of leaves (NL) D. Leaf Area (LA).

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Figure 2
Quadratic regression curves for mangosteen seedlings submitted to humic acid doses (0; 2; 20; 40; 200 mg C L-1). A. Stem dry matter (SDM), B. Leaf dry matter (LDM), C. Shoot dry matter (SDDM), D. Root dry matter (RDM), E Total dry matter (TDM) F. Dickson quality index (DQI)

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Table 1
Mean square of the analysis of variance of the regression of the quadratic model of the variables stem diameter (SD), plant height (H), number of leaves (NL) and leaf area (LA) of mangosteen seedlings in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

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Table 2
Mean square of the analysis of variance of the regression of the quadratic model of the variables stem dry matter (SDM), leaf dry matter (LDM), shoot dry matter (SDDM), root dry matter (RDM), total dry matter (TDM) and Dickson quality index (DQI) of mangosteen seedlings in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

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Table 3
Adjusted quadratic models, determination coefficient (R2), optimal dose and Ymax for the variables: SD (mm), H (cm), NL, LA (cm²), SDM (g), LDM (g), SDDM (g), RDM (g), TDM (g) e DQI of mangosteen seedlings at 240 DAP in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

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Table 4
Pearson correlation coefficients between the Dickson Quality Score (DQI); stem diameter (SD); plant height (H), shoot dry mass (SDDM); root dry matter (RDM); total dry matter (TDM) in mangosteen seedlings at 240 DAP.

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Figure 1 Quadratic regression curves for mangosteen seedlings submitted to humic acid doses (0; 2; 20; 40; 200 mg C L-1). A. Stem diameter (SD), B. Plant height (H), C. Number of leaves (NL) D. Leaf Area (LA).

Figure 2 Quadratic regression curves for mangosteen seedlings submitted to humic acid doses (0; 2; 20; 40; 200 mg C L-1). A. Stem dry matter (SDM), B. Leaf dry matter (LDM), C. Shoot dry matter (SDDM), D. Root dry matter (RDM), E Total dry matter (TDM) F. Dickson quality index (DQI)

Table 1 Mean square of the analysis of variance of the regression of the quadratic model of the variables stem diameter (SD), plant height (H), number of leaves (NL) and leaf area (LA) of mangosteen seedlings in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

SV	DF	SD	H	NL	LA
Linear effect	1	15.25*	923.54*	237.23*	3467052.45*
Quadratic effect	1	5.56*	74.59*	32.16*	472730.49*
Regression deviations	2	0.62*	26.24*	0.49^ns	4841.91*
Residue	30	0.10	1.18	5.01	3756.40
VC (%)		4.1	2.7	8.35	5.2

^*
F Test (p=0.05); Ns: Not significant (p=0.05); SV: Source of variation; DF: Degree of freedom; VC: Variation coefficient.

Table 2 Mean square of the analysis of variance of the regression of the quadratic model of the variables stem dry matter (SDM), leaf dry matter (LDM), shoot dry matter (SDDM), root dry matter (RDM), total dry matter (TDM) and Dickson quality index (DQI) of mangosteen seedlings in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

SV	DF	SDM	LDM	SDDM	RDM	TDM	DQI
Linear effect	1	35.33*	276.62*	509.65*	36.07*	816.89*	8.52*
Quadratic effect	1	13.17*	29.74*	82.49*	4.29*	124.398*	1.68*
Regression deviations	2	0.15*	1.28^ns	1.88*	0.48*	4.24^ns	0.11*
Residue	30	1.19	2.93	5.73	0.09	5.27	0.01
VC (%)		15.25	12.22	11.30	8.21	9.24	4.60

^*
Test (p=0.05); Ns: Not significant (p=0.05); SV: Source of variation; DF: Degree of freedom; VC: Variation coefficient.

Table 3 Adjusted quadratic models, determination coefficient (R2), optimal dose and Ymax for the variables: SD (mm), H (cm), NL, LA (cm²), SDM (g), LDM (g), SDDM (g), RDM (g), TDM (g) e DQI of mangosteen seedlings at 240 DAP in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

Variable		Equation		R²		Dose		Y_max
SD	Ŷ= 6.7274 + 0.04213069x - 0.00016062x²		0.94		131.15		9.49
H	Ŷ = 34.9425 + 0.19041608x - 0.00058808x²		0.95		161.90		50.36
NL	Ŷ = 24.0568 + 0.11480947x - 0.00038619x²		0.99		148.69		32.58
LA	Ŷ = 835.5078 + 13.90616088x 0.04681637x²		0.99		148.52		1868.17
SDM	Ŷ = 5.8571 + 0.06466146x - 0.00024707x²		0.99		130.85		10.09
LDM	Ŷ = 11.1306 + 0.11449046x - 0.00037135x²		0.99		154.16		19.95
SDDM	Ŷ = 16.9876 + 0.17915192x - 0.00061842x²		0.99		144.85		29.96
RDM	Ŷ = 2.5964 + 0.04277551x - 0.00014099x²		0.98		151.70		5.84
TDM	Ŷ = 19.5841 + 0.22192744x - 0.00075942x²		0.99		146.11		35.80
DQI	Ŷ = 1.6606 + 0.02488341x - 0.00008825x²		0.98		140.98		3.41

¹
SD – Stem diameter; H - Plant height; NL - Number of leaves; LA – Leaf area; SDM – Stem dry matter; LDM - Leaf dry matter; SDDM - Shoot dry matter; RDM - Root dry matter; TDM - Total dry matter; DQI - Dickson quality index.

Table 4 Pearson correlation coefficients between the Dickson Quality Score (DQI); stem diameter (SD); plant height (H), shoot dry mass (SDDM); root dry matter (RDM); total dry matter (TDM) in mangosteen seedlings at 240 DAP.

	Average		STD	SD	H	SDDM	RDM	TDM	DQI
SD		7.59	0.85	1	----	----	----	----	----
H		39.98	5.65	0.89*	1	----	----	----	----
SDDM		21.18	4.75	0.82*	0.88*	1	----	----	----
RDM		3.65	1.13	0.85*	0.94*	0.81*	1	----	----
TDM		24.83	5.71	0.85*	0.93*	0.99*	0.87*	1	----
DQI		2.22	0.56	0.92*	0.95*	0.88*	0.99*	0.94*	1

^*
T-test (p=0.05); Ns: not significant STD: standard deviation

DQI= \frac{TDM}{(\frac{H}{SD}) + (\frac{SDDM}{RDM})}

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Crescimento e qualidade de mudas de mangostanzeiro (<i>Garcinia mangostana</i> L.) em resposta à aplicação de ácidos húmicos

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[TFN0101] ^*
F Test (p=0.05); Ns: Not significant (p=0.05); SV: Source of variation; DF: Degree of freedom; VC: Variation coefficient.