Influência do método de produção de mudas de videira no desempenho agronômico de variedades de uvas para vinho

Avaliou-se o desempenho agronômico após o plantio de diferentes tipos de mudas das variedades ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ e ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ enxertadas em ‘Paulsen 1.103’. Os fatores testados foram as variedades copa e tipos de mudas (RN- raiz nua enxertado à máquina; EV- porta-enxerto de raiz nua com enxertia verde no verão; EI- porta-enxerto enraizado com substrato comercial plantados na primavera e enxertados no campo no inverno; FE-portaenxerto mantido em forçagem e enxertia após a emissão de raízes; BI-porta-enxerto de raiz nua e enxertia a campo no inverno; BE-enxertia de porta-enxertos de raiz nua levados ao campo após o inchamento das gemas da variedade copa). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso. A variedade ‘Chardonnay’ apresentou desenvolvimento mais lento em relação às demais, independentemente do tipo de muda utilizado. É possível a implantação de vinhedos comerciais com todos os tipos de mudas avaliados. As mudas produzidas por BE, RN e FE proporcionam maior taxa de sobrevivência das mudas após o plantio em campo.

Termos para indexação
Vitis vinifera; desenvolvimento; vigor; produtividade; porta-enxerto

Autoria

André Luiz Kulkamp de Souza André Luiz Kulkamp de Souza E-mail:andresouza@epagri.sc.gov.br

Dr. Researcher, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Videira, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. E-mail:andresouza@epagri.sc.gov.br Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa CatarinaBrasilVideira, SC, Brasil Dr. Researcher, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Videira, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. E-mail:andresouza@epagri.sc.gov.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-6291

Samila Silva Camargo

Dra. Prof., Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (SENAI), Videira, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. E-mail: samilasc@yahoo.com.br Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (SENAI)BrasilVideira, SC, Brasil Dra. Prof., Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (SENAI), Videira, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. E-mail: samilasc@yahoo.com.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0659-1361

Edson Luiz De Souza

Dr. Professor, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Videira, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. E-mail: edsonluizdesouza@gmail.com Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC)BrasilVideira, SC, Brasil Dr. Professor, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Videira, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. E-mail: edsonluizdesouza@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8238-1529

Nelson Pires Feldberg

Me., Analyst, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Canoinhas, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. E-mail: nelson.feldberg@embrapa.br Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuáriaBrasilCanoinhas, SC, Brasil Me., Analyst, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Canoinhas, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. E-mail: nelson.feldberg@embrapa.br

Angelica Bender

Oenologist, PhD student, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Stat, Brazil. E-mail: bender.angelica.fruti@gmail.com Universidade Federal de PelotasBrasilBrasil Oenologist, PhD student, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Stat, Brazil. E-mail: bender.angelica.fruti@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1141-6090

André Luiz Kulkamp de Souza E-mail:andresouza@epagri.sc.gov.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tabelas

Tabelas (7)

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Table 1
pH Values, soluble solids (ºBrix) and total acidity (meq L-1) of grapes and bunch mass (g) and mass of branches from winter pruning (g) of ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 harvests in Videira/SC.

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Table 2
pH Values, soluble solids (ºBrix), total acidity (meq L-1) and bunch mass (g) of grapes and mass of branches from winter pruning (g) from different grafted plants, in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 harvests in Videira/SC.

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Table 3
Ravaz index (fruit yield per plant/mass of pruned branches per plant) of the ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ varieties in vineyards established with different grafted plants, in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 seasons in Videira/SC.

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Table 4
Number of bunches per plant of the ‘Chardonnay’, Malbec’, Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ varieties in vineyards established with different grafted plants, in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 crops in Videira/SC.

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Table 5
Average number of branches per plant of the ‘Chardonnay’, Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ varieties, from plants established with different grafted plants, in the seasons 2012, 2013 and 2014 in Videira/SC.

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Table 6
Production per plant (kg) of ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ varieties in vineyards established with different grafted plants, in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 crops in Videira/SC.

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Table 7
Percentage of plant mortality of the ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ varieties evaluated in 2011 in vineyards established with different grafted plants in Videira/SC.

Table 1 pH Values, soluble solids (ºBrix) and total acidity (meq L-1) of grapes and bunch mass (g) and mass of branches from winter pruning (g) of ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 harvests in Videira/SC.

	pH	Soluble ****** (°Brix)	Total Acidity (meq L^-1)	***** Mass(g)	Mass of branches (g)
Variety
	2012
'Chardonnay'	-	-	-	-		87.0 c
'Malbec'	3.8 b	18.3 ns	100.7 b	114.8 a		543.0 a
'Merlot'	3.8 a	18.8	94.6 c	123.3 a		460.8 b
'Sauvignon Blanc'	3.6 c	18.6	108.0 a	99.3 b		447.3 b
CV (%)	1.5	4.6	8.1	19.5		30.7
	2013
'Chardonnay'	3.7 d	18.5 c	94.7 c	66.8 c		289.5 d
'Malbec'	3.8 c	20.2 a	118.1 a	153.1a		762.4 b
'Merlot'	3.8 a	19.4 b	93.9 c	134.4 b		657.3 c
'********* Blanc'	3.8 b	18.9 bc	107.2 b	79.4 c		900.8 a
CV (%)	1.0	5.2	9.5	23.0		23.4
	2014
'Chardonnay'	3.1 c	19.5 ns	97.8 b	64.6 c		513.0 c
'Malbec'	3.4 a	19.7	83.2 c	176.3 a		1081.0 a
'Merlot'	3.3 b	19.4	85.9 c	185.3 a		684.6 bc
'********* Blanc'	3.1 c	19.3	106.9 a	109.2 b		915.8 ab
CV (%)	1.4	3.9	7.0	21.0		20.9

^*
Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column do not differ statistically by Tukey's test at 5% probability of error. ns: not significant by Tukey test at 5% probability of error.

Table 2 pH Values, soluble solids (ºBrix), total acidity (meq L-1) and bunch mass (g) of grapes and mass of branches from winter pruning (g) from different grafted plants, in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 harvests in Videira/SC.

******* plant	pH		Soluble solids (°Brix)		Total Acidity (meq L^-1)		Bunch Mass(g)		** of ****** (g)
	2012
RN	3.77	ns	18.86	ns	98.72	ns	115.03	ns	400.25	ns
EV	3.73		18.24		99.93		101.88		323.82
EI	3.75		18.75		101.96		120.01		412.77
FE	3.75		18.81		98.63		119.98		387.50
BI	3.73		18.34		103.24		107.62		409.12
BE	3.73		18.24		104.21		110.41		373.76
** (%)	1.51		4.65		8.08		19.47		30.69
	2013
RN	3.79	ns	19.32	ab	103.46	ns	100.66	ns	658.08	ns
EV	3.78		19.32	ab	102.65		109.71		594.02
EI	3.78		19.34	ab	103.28		107.21		681.21
FE	3.77		18.65	b	106.91		108.28		669.83
BI	3.80		19.57	a	101.79		122.91		689.56
BE	3.79		19.17	ab	102.85		101.80		622.42
CV (%)	1.05		5.23		9.49		23.01		23.43
	2014
RN	3.25	ns	19.65	ns	93.35	ns	118.70	b	852.29	ns
EV	3.26		19.70		92.27		142.86	ab	747.00
EI	3.22		19.50		93.72		141.28	ab	777.45
FE	3.24		19.30		91.52		126.25	ab	905.23
BI	3.24		19.50		94.29		147.01	a	735.54
BE	3.24		19.26		95.65		127.02	ab	774.24
CV (%)	1.41		3.87		7.04		20.99		20.86

^*
Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column in each year do not differ statistically by Tukey's test at 5% probability of error. ns: not significant by Tukey test at 5% probability of error. RN - bare root graft produced by machine grafting; EV – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent green grafting; EI - rootstock cuttings rooted in containers, planted in the vineyard in late spring and grafted in the field in the subsequent winter; FE – forced rootstock cuttings, grafted after the first roots were emitted; BI – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent grafting in the field in the subsequent winter; BE - grafting of rootstocks previously rooted in a nursery and taken to the field after bud swelling of the canopy variety.

Table 3 Ravaz index (fruit yield per plant/mass of pruned branches per plant) of the ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ varieties in vineyards established with different grafted plants, in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 seasons in Videira/SC.

Grafted plant	Varieties in 2012
Grafted plant	'Chardonnay'		'Malbec'		'Merlot'		'********* Blanc'
RN	-		2.22	Bab	2.80	ABab	3.42	Aab
EV	-		1.47	Ab	1.64	Ab	1.60	Ac
EI	-		1.90	Bab	3.05	Aa	3.20	Ab
FE	-		1.70	Bb	1.95	Bab	4.32	Aab
BI	-		2.97	Ba	2.94	Ba	4.50	Aa
BE	-		2.07	Bab	2.91	Ba	4.14	Aab
CV (%)	24.68
	********* in 2013
	'Chardonnay'		'Malbec'		'Merlot'		'Sauvignon Blanc'
RN	1.55	Ba	3.78	Aca	3.87	Aa	1.88	Ba
EV	1.58	Ba	4.40	Aabc	3.61	Aa	1.12	Ba
EI	0.82	Da	5.22	Aa	3.61	Ba	2.12	Ca
FE	1.47	Ba	3.95	Abc	3.78	Aa	1.70	Ba
BI	1.38	Ca	4.98	Aab	3.73	Ba	2.15	Ca
BE	0.94	Ba	3.69	Ac	3.73	Aa	1.63	Ba
CV (%)	20.66
	Varieties in 2014
	'Chardonnay'		'Malbec'		'Merlot'		'Sauvignon Blanc'
RN	0.65	Ca	3.54	Bbc	5.24	Abc	2.50	Ba
EV	1.02	Da	5.74	Ba	7.43	Aa	3.25	Ca
EI	0.63	Da	4.34	Babc	6.11	Aab	2.82	Ca
FE	1.13	Ba	4.86	Aab	6.20	Aab	2.36	Ba
BI	0.59	Ca	3.63	Bbc	5.84	Aab	3.06	Ba
BE	0.67	Ca	2.81	ABc	3.88	Ac	2.26	Ba
CV (%)	26.36

^**
Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and uppercase in the row in each year do not differ statistically by Tukey test at 5% probability of error. ns: not significant by Tukey test at 5% probability of error. RN - bare root graft produced by machine grafting; RN - bare root graft produced by machine grafting; EV – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent green grafting; EI - rootstock cuttings rooted in containers, planted in the vineyard in late spring and grafted in the field in the subsequent winter; FE – forced rootstock cuttings, grafted after the first roots were emitted; BI – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent grafting in the field in the subsequent winter; BE - grafting of rootstocks previously rooted in a nursery and taken to the field after bud swelling of the canopy variety.

Table 4 Number of bunches per plant of the ‘Chardonnay’, Malbec’, Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ varieties in vineyards established with different grafted plants, in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 crops in Videira/SC.

Variety					2012
'Chardonnay'			-
'Malbec'			8.35			B^*
'Merlot'			8.71			B
'Sauvignon Blanc'			14.43			A
Grafted plant					2012
RN			12.44			A
EV			7.71			BC
EI			11.04			ABC
FE			12.41			A
BI			7.26			C
BE			12.14			AB
** (%)			29.89
Grafted plant					2013
	'Chardonnay'		'Malbec'			'Merlot'		'Sauvignon Blanc'
RN	3.83	Ba^**	19.97	Aa		18.47	Aa	21.17	Aab
EV	5.17	Ba^#	17.37	Aa		14.30	Aa	14.73	Ab
EI	3.40	Ca	20.03	Aba		17.07	Ba	24.97	Aa
FE	4.90	Ba	24.67	Aa		19.63	Aa	23.40	Aa
BI	5.87	Ca	25.23	Aa		14.00	Ba	13.46	Bb
BE	5.87	Ba	20.77	Aa		16.67	Aa	20.63	Aab
CV (%)	15.65
******* plant					2014
	Chardonnay		Malbec			Merlot		Sauvignon Blanc
RN	4.00	Ba	20.64	Aab		20.44	Aa	22.70	Aa
EV	7.58	Ca	19.36	ABab		21.36	Aa	13.94	BCb
EI	4.08	Ba	20.72	Aab		19.30	Aa	25.20	Aa
FE	4.75	Ba	17.24	Ab		21.44	Aa	24.26	Aa
BI	7.20	Ca	27.04	Aa		21.04	ABa	18.20	Bab
BE	6.20	Ba	22.60	Aab		19.30	Aa	20.56	Aab
CV (%)	25.97

^*
Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the column do not differ statistically by Tukey's test at 5% probability of error for variety and grafted plant. ** Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the row do not differ statistically by Tukey test at 5% probability of error for grafted plant within variety. #Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column do not differ statistically by Tukey's test at 5% error probability for variety within grafted plant. RN - bare root graft produced by machine grafting; EV – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent green grafting; EI - rootstock cuttings rooted in containers, planted in the vineyard in late spring and grafted in the field in the subsequent winter; FE – forced rootstock cuttings, grafted after the first roots were emitted; BI – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent grafting in the field in the subsequent winter; BE - grafting of rootstocks previously rooted in a nursery and taken to the field after bud swelling of the canopy variety.

Table 5 Average number of branches per plant of the ‘Chardonnay’, Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ varieties, from plants established with different grafted plants, in the seasons 2012, 2013 and 2014 in Videira/SC.

******* plants	2012
	Chardonnay	Malbec			Merlot			Sauvignon Blanc
RN	-	8.10	Bab		8.87		Ba^**	11.90		Aab^#
EV	-	6.17	ABb		4.17		Bb	8.96		Ab
EI	-	8.40	Bab		6.58		Bab	13.54		Aa
FE	-	9.17	Bab		6.63		Bab	13.07		Aa
BI	-	9.87	Aa		3.92		Bb	9.25		Ab
BE	-	10.6	Aa		6.75		Bab	11.87		Aab
** (%)	8.77
Variety	2013					2014
Chardonnay	4.14	C^*		7.55					C
Malbec	11.11	B		13.94					B
Merlot	10.99	B		14.19					B
Sauvignon Blanc	14.77	A		16.73					A
CV (%)	21.28			15.52
Grafted plants	2013			2014
RN	10.9	A		13.7					ns
EV	8.6	B		12.7
EI	10.3	AB		12.6
FE	11.1	A		13.3
BI	9.7	AB		13.0
BE	11.0	A		13.3
CV (%)	21.28			15.52

^*
Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the row do not differ statistically by Tukey test at 5% probability of error for grafted plant within variety. ** Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column do not differ statistically by Tukey test at 5% probability of error for variety within grafted plant. #Means followed by the same lowercase letter on the row do not differ statistically by Tukey test at 5% probability of error for grafted plant and variety. ns-not significant by Tukey test at 5% probability of error. RN - bare root graft produced by machine grafting; EV – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent green grafting; EI - rootstock cuttings rooted in containers, planted in the vineyard in late spring and grafted in the field in the subsequent winter; FE – forced rootstock cuttings, grafted after the first roots were emitted; BI – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent grafting in the field in the subsequent winter; BE - grafting of rootstocks previously rooted in a nursery and taken to the field after bud swelling of the canopy variety.

Table 6 Production per plant (kg) of ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ varieties in vineyards established with different grafted plants, in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 crops in Videira/SC.

Variety			2012				2013
'Chardonnay'			-				0.34		D
'Malbec'			1.02		B^*		3.14		A
'Merlot'			1.19		AB		2.33		B
'Sauvignon Blanc'			1.53		A		1.54		C
CV (%)			27.84				30.6
******* plant			2012				2013
RN			1.52		A		1.70		AB
EV			0.99		AB		1.63		B
EI			1.33		AB		1.93		AB
FE			1.54		A		2.17		A
BI			0.78		B		1.81		AB
BE			1.31		AB		1.79		AB
CV (%)			27.84				20.6
Grafted plant	2014
	'Chardonnay'			'Malbec'		'Merlot'		'Sauvignon Blanc'
RN	0.24	Ba		3.16	Ab	3.39	Aa	2.20		Aa
EV	0.57	Ba		3.57	Ab	4.28	Aa	1.64		Ba
EI	0.27	Ba		4.07	Aab	3.65	Aa	2.94		Aa
FE	0.32	Ca		2.73	ABb	3.92	Aa	2.38		Ba
BI	0.55	Ca		5.25	Aa	4.09	Aa	2.05		Ba
BE	0.33	Ca		3.64	Ab	3.37	ABa	2.28		Ba
CV (%)	30.37

^*
Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the column do not differ statistically by Tukey's test at 5% probability of error for variety and type of grafted plant. ** Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the row do not differ statistically by Tukey test at 5% probability of error for type of grafted plant within variety. #Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column do not differ statistically by Tukey test at 5% probability of error of variety within grafted plant. RN - bare root graft produced by machine grafting; EV – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent green grafting; EI - rootstock cuttings rooted in containers, planted in the vineyard in late spring and grafted in the field in the subsequent winter; FE – forced rootstock cuttings, grafted after the first roots were emitted; BI – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent grafting in the field in the subsequent winter; BE - grafting of rootstocks previously rooted in a nursery and taken to the field after bud swelling of the canopy variety.

Table 7 Percentage of plant mortality of the ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ varieties evaluated in 2011 in vineyards established with different grafted plants in Videira/SC.

Variety	Plant mortality (%)
'Chardonnay'	15.00	ns
'Malbec'	7.00
'Merlot'	6.00
'Sauvignon Blanc'	8.00
Grafted plants	Plant mortality (%)
RN	1.00	cd
EV	14.00	abc
EI	13.00	ab
FE	7.00	bcd
BI	21.00	a
BE	0.00	d
CV (%)	20.59

^*
Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column do not differ statistically by Tukey's test at 5% probability of error. RN - bare root graft produced by machine grafting; EV – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent green grafting; EI - rootstock cuttings rooted in containers, planted in the vineyard in late spring and grafted in the field in the subsequent winter; FE – forced rootstock cuttings, grafted after the first roots were emitted; BI – planting of bare root rootstocks and subsequent grafting in the field in the subsequent winter; BE - grafting of rootstocks previously rooted in a nursery and taken to the field after bud swelling of the canopy variety.

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Influência do método de produção de mudas de videira no desempenho agronômico de variedades de uvas para vinho

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Mensagem

[1] André Luiz Kulkamp de Souza E-mail:andresouza@epagri.sc.gov.br