Postharvest quality of ‘Baigent’ apples as a function of single and multiple preharvest spray aminoetoxivinylglycine and ethephon applications

Soethe, Cristina; Steffens, Cristiano André; Hawerroth, Fernando José; Amarante, Cassandro Vidal Talamini do; Heinzen, Angélica Schmitz; Stanger, Mayara Cristiana

doi:10.1590/0100-29452019153

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Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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Harvest and post harvest • Rev. Bras. Frutic. 41 (3) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452019153 copy

Postharvest quality of ‘Baigent’ apples as a function of single and multiple preharvest spray aminoetoxivinylglycine and ethephon applications

Qualidade pós-colheita de maçãs ‘Baigent’ em função da forma de aplicação de aminoetoxivinilglicina e etefom

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of single and multiple pre-harvest spray aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) applications with or without ethephon, in ‘Baigent’ apple trees cultivated under anti-hail screen and harvesting date on fruit quality after storage. The experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard in the municipality of Vacaria/RS, in the 2014/15 and 2015/16 harvests. Treatments consisted of: control (plants sprayed with water); AVG (125 mg L-1, 30 days before the predicted harvest date; BPHD); ethephon (120 mg L-1, seven BPHD); AVG (62.5 mg L-1 + 62.5 mg L-1, 30 and 20 BPHD); AVG (62.5 mg L-1 + 62.5 mg L-1, 30 and 20 BPHD) + ethephon (120 mg L-1, seven BPHD). Fruits of all treatments were harvested at commercial harvest (harvest 1) and after 14 days (harvest 2). Fruits were evaluated after four months of cold storage (0.5 °C ± 0.2 °C and RH 92 ± 5%). The use of AVG, regardless of single or multiple applications, reduced ethylene production rate, skin yellowing, farinaceous pulp and senescent degeneration incidence and maintained higher pulp firmness values and pulp penetration and skin rupture strength. Ethephon provided fruits with higher farinaceous pulp incidence. Fruit treated with AVG, regardless of single or multiple application and combination with ethephon, presents better quality after cold storage.

Index terms
Malus domestica; growth regulators; ethylene; cold storage

Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n , 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 16 3209-7188/3209-7609 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rbf@fcav.unesp.br

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[TFN0101] ^*
Means not followed of the same letter, uppercase in vertical and lowercase in horizontal, differ by the Tukey test (p<0.05). BPHD = Before predicted harvest date. CV = Coefficient of variation.

Pre-harvest treatments	Harvest 1 Harvest 2 02/05 02/19				Harvest 1 Harvest 2 02/05 02/19

	Ethylene production			Mean		Respiratory rate				Mean
	Chamber exit
Control	731.4	2479.1		1605.3 A		263.1		119.5			191.3 A^*
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)	5.2	68.5		36.9 B		204.5		85.4			145.0 C
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)	1.5	175.3		88.4 B		220.8		104.1			162.4 B
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	5.2	697.3		351.3 B		233.0		108.0			170.5 B
Mean	185.8 b	855.1 a				230.4 a		104.3 b
CV (%)	33.3						3.7
	After seven days under room conditions
	Ethylene production			Mean		Respiratory rate				Mean
Control	11567.0	7998.7		9783.0 A		80.2		146.2	113.2 A
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)	2348.9	3686.7		3018.0 B		62.5		115.3	88.8 B
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)	1725.9	4883.7		3305.0 B		66.6		143.2	104.9 AB
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	105.7	4152.9		2129.0 B		54.1		136.8	95.5 AB
Mean	3936.9 a	5180.0 a				65.9 b		135.4 a
CV (%)	51.9		10.7

Pre-harvest treatments	2014/15 Harvest				2015/16 Harvest
	Harvest 1 Harvest 2 02/02 02/16					Harvest 1 Harvest 2 02/05 02/19
	Chamber exit
	h°		Mean									h°							Mean
Control	67.0	41.2		54.1 C					85.4						85.8		85.6 B^*
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)	80.7	56.4		70.3 A					98.0						93.8		95.9 A
120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	65.4	44.8		56.5 BC					.						.		.
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)	76.0	49.8		62.9 B					99.2						95.7		97.4 A
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	71.0	37.1		56.5 BC					97.6						90.6		95.0 A
Mean	72.3 a	46.1 b						95.1 a							91.5 a
CV (%)	7.3						4.0
After seven days under room conditions
	h°				Mean						h°					Mean
Control	70.8	46.5			58.7 B					85.5				85.5		85.5 B
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)	84.0	57.1			70.6 A					93.4				94.3		93.9 A
120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	68.7	49.3			59.0 B					.				.		.
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)	76.9	58.2			67.6 AB					97.9				93.0		95.4 A
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	73.6	48.8			61.2 AB					97.2				89.0		93.1 A
Mean	74.8 a	52.0 b											93.5 a					90.4 b
CV (%)	11.2						3.2

Pre-harvest treatments	2014/15 Harvest									2015/16 Harvest
	Harvest 1 Harvest 2 02/02 02/16									Harvest 1 Harvest 2 02/05 02/19
	SS (°Brix)				Mean						SS (°Brix)							Mean
Control	11.5	12.7	12.1 A^*						12.5				12.8			12.7 A
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)	11.4	12.0	11.7 AB						11.7				11.6			11.6 B
120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	11.9	11.8	11.8 AB						.				.			.
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)	10.8	11.9	11.3 AB						11.3				12.2			11.8 B
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	10.6	11.9	11.2 B						11.6				12.8			12.2 AB
Mean	11.2b	12.1 a						11.9 b				12.3 a
CV (%)	4.5						3.0
	TA (% malic acid)					TA (% malic acid)
Control	0.264	0.183		0.223^ns				0.226				0.208					0.217^ns
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)	0.263	0.196		0.229				0.234				0.209					0.222
120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	0.258	0.178		0.218				.				.					.
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)	0.278	0.189		0.234				0.260				0.216					0.238
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	0.268	0.185		0.226				0.241				0.234					0.237
Mean	0.266 a	0.186 b						0.240 a				0.217 b
CV (%)	6.66						11.20
	SS/TA						SS/TA
Control	43.3	69.6		56.4^ns				55.6				61.3					58.5^ns
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)	43.5	61.1		52.3				51.4				55.4					53.4
120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	46.0	66.0		56.0				.				.					.
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)	38.7	62.9		50.8				43.0				56.3					49.7
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	39.4	64.1		51.7				48.3				55.1					51.7
Mean	42.2 b	64.7 a						49.6 b							57.0 a
CV (%)	10.3													10.8

Pre-harvest treatments	2014/15 Harvest				2015/16 Harvest
	Harvest 1 Harvest 2 02/02 02/16				Harvest 1 Harvest 2 02/05 02/19
	Pulp firmness (N)			Mean	Pulp firmness (N)				Mean
Control	47.4	43.0		45.2 B^*	51.1		45.3		47.7 B
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)	53.8	53.7		53.7 A	62.1		62.7		62.4 A
120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	51.3	48.4		49.8 AB	.		.		.
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)	52.6	52.4		52.5 A	59.5		58.2		58.8 A
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	54.4	50.1		52.2 A	67.7		56.7		62.2 A
Mean	51.9 a	49.5 a			61.11 a		55.7 b
CV (%)	7.8				6.3
	Skin rupture strength (N)				Skin rupture strength (N)
Control	10.5	10.4		10.5 B	10.9		10.5		10.7 C
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)	11.2	11.2		11.2 AB	13.9		13.9		13.9 A
120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	10.4	10.7		10.5 B	.		.		.
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)	11.7	11.5		11.6 A	12.2		12.3		12.3 B
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	11.5	10.4		11.0 AB	13.07		11.9		12.5 B
Mean	11.1 a	10.8 a			12.5 a		12.2 a
CV (%)	6.0				3.6
	Pulp penetration strength (N)				Pulp penetration strength (N)
Control	2.1	1.8		1.9 B	2.1		1.9		2,0 C
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)	2.2	2.2		2.2 A	2.7		2.7		2.7 A
120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	1.9	1.9		1.9 B	.		.		.
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)	2.2	2.1		2.2 A	2.5		2.3		2.4 B
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)	2.3	2.0		2.1 AB	2.7		2.4		2.5 AB
Mean	2.1 a		2.0 b			2.5 a		2.3 b
CV (%)	6.3					4.7

Pre-harvest treatments		2014/15 Harvest								2015/16 Harvest
		Harvest 1 Harvest 2 02/02 02/16										Harvest 1 Harvest 2 02/05 02/19
		Farinaceous pulp (%)				Mean					Farinaceous pulp (%)						Mean
Control		53.8			77.4		65.6 A^*				63.8				48.5		56.1 A
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)		13.7			46.0		29.9 C				43.0				0.0		21.5 B
120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)		34.1			72.8		53.4 AB				.				.		.
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)		19.3			48.1		33.7 C				47.2				10.6		28.9 B
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)		27.4			52.2		39.8 BC				26.1				14.9		20.5 B
Mean		29.6b			59.3 a						45.1 a				18.5 b
CV (%)		27.7									37.1
		Senescent degeneration (%)									Senescent degeneration (%)
Control		20.0			49.7	34.4^ns					0.0 Ab			23.3 Aa		.
125 mg L^-1 AVG (30 BPHD)		7.9			24.8	16.4					0.0 Aa			0.0 Ba		.
120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)		15.8			43.5	29.7					.			.		.
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD)		8.9			22.3	15.6					0.0 Aa			0.3 Ba		.
62.5 mg L^-1 + 62.5 mg L^-1 AVG (30 and 20 BPHD) + 120 mg L^-1 ethephon (7 BPHD)		11.2			46.2	28.7					0.0 Aa			3.3 Ba		.
Mean			12.6 b	37.3 a				.					.
CV (%)	76.0								69.0