Folk medicine, phytochemistry and pharmacological application of <i>Piper marginatum</i>

Brú, Jennifer; Guzman, Juan David

doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2016.03.014

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Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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Reviews • Rev. bras. farmacogn. 26 (6) • Nov-Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.03.014 copy

Folk medicine, phytochemistry and pharmacological application of Piper marginatum

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Piper marginatum Jacq., Piperaceae, is a widely distributed Neotropical species abundant in the Caribbean, exhibiting a characteristic winged petiole and a heart-shaped leaf, its two vegetative landmarks for rapid identification. The species has been employed by traditional indigenous cultures for its reputed medicinal properties. The plant is most frequently employed by local healers in Central America, the Antilles and South America, for alleviating gastrointestinal ailments, administered as a decoction or infusion for its tonic, diuretic and carminative effects. These beneficial properties may be attributed to the presence of various phytochemicals within P. marginatum, with most of the studies focusing on the essential oil of the plant. Monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and phenylpropanoids of a varied chemical structure have been identified in the essential oil, while phenylalkanoids, aristolactams, amides and flavonoids have been purified by chromatographic techniques from the extracts. The biological and pharmacological examination of P. marginatum showed that the plant may be a valuable source of mosquitocidal, antifungal, antitumoral and hemostatic agents. Future bioguided research may yield biologically relevant molecules useful in medicine or agriculture.

Keywords:
Piper marginatum; Piperaceae; Folk medicine; Phytochemistry; Pharmacology; Biological applications

Location	Organ of the plant	Medicinal properties, or afflictions treated	Mode of application	References
Amazon region	Roots	Carminative, diuretic, tonic, useful against toothache and cobra venom	Baths	Di Stasi and Hiruma-Lima (2002)Di Stasi, L.C., Hiruma-Lima, C.A., 2002. Plantas medicinais na Amazônia e na Mata Atlântica. Editor UNESP, São Paulo, pp. 125–126.
	Roots	To alleviate pain and itching of insect bites	Cataplasm
	Fruits and leaves	Stimulant	nd
	Stem, leaves	Against itching from ant bites	Cataplasm	Elisabetsky and Gely (1987)Elisabetsky, E., Gely, A., 1987. Plantes médicinales utilisées en Amazonie comme fond potentiel de nouveaux agents thérapeutiques dans les cas d'allergie, thrombose et inflammation. J. Agric. Tradit. Bot. Appl. 34, 143-151.
	nd	As antispasmodic and against liver and gallbladder diseases	Decoction	van den Berg (1982)van den Berg, M.E., 1982. Plantas medicinais na Amazônia: contribuição ao seu conhecimento sistemático. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Programa Trópico Umido/Museo Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, 223 pp.

Brazil	Leaves	Rheumatism, bleeding skin wounds, toothache and tumors	Decoction	Corrêa and Pena (1984)Corrêa, M.P., Pena, L.d.A., 1984. Dicionário das plantas úteis do Brasil e das exóticas cultivadas. Ministério da Agricultura, Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento Florestal, Rio de Janeiro, 747 pp., D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.
Leaves	To reduce swellings	Rubbed with fat as cataplasm, poultice	Branch and Silva (1983)Branch, L.C., Silva, M.d., 1983. Folk medicine of Alter do Chão, Pará, Brazil. Acta Amazon. 13, 737-797., Duke and Vasquez (1994)Duke, J.A., Vasquez, R., 1994. Amazonian Ethnobotanical Dictionary. Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 138–139.
Roots	To alleviate hitching caused by insect bites, and also as a teeth pain reliever	Maceration	Pereira et al. (2011)Pereira, L.A., Barboza, G.E., Bovini, M.G., De Almeida, M.Z., Guimarães, E.F., 2011. Caracterización y uso de pimientas en una comunidad Quilombola de la Amazonía Oriental (Brasil). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5, 255-272.
Leaves and fruits	As antispasmodic, to treat cough, and affections of the spleen, liver and intestinal problems	Used topically	Pereira et al. (2011)Pereira, L.A., Barboza, G.E., Bovini, M.G., De Almeida, M.Z., Guimarães, E.F., 2011. Caracterización y uso de pimientas en una comunidad Quilombola de la Amazonía Oriental (Brasil). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5, 255-272.
Stem, leaves, roots	Against high blood pressure, asthma, erysipelas, problems with urinary system and as a diuretic	nd	de Albuquerque et al. (2007)de Albuquerque, U.P., Monteiro, J.M., Ramos, M.A., de Amorim, E.L.C., 2007. Medicinal and magic plants from a public market in northeastern Brazil. J. Ethnopharmacol. 110, 76-91.
nd	To treat hemorrhoids	Infusion	Rodrigues and Andrade (2014)Rodrigues, A.P., Andrade, L.H.C., 2014. Levantamento etnobotânico das plantas medicinais utilizadas pela comunidade de Inhamã, Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. Rev. Bras. Plantas Med. 16, 721-730.
nd	Hemostatic, snake-bite medicine	nd	Braga (1960)Braga, R., 1960. Plantas do Nordeste, especialmente do Ceará. Imprensa Oficial, For- taleza, Brasil, 540 pp., D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.

Colombia	Leaves, stem	For protecting teeth against cavities	Chewed	Duke and Vasquez (1994)Duke, J.A., Vasquez, R., 1994. Amazonian Ethnobotanical Dictionary. Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 138–139., García (1974)García, H., 1974. Flora medicinal de Colombia: botánica médica, Segunda edición ed. Tercer Mundo Editores.
	Leaves	Analgesic	Infusion and cataplasm	Giraldo Tafur (1996)Giraldo Tafur, C., 1996. Medicina tradicional de las mujeres Siona del resguardo de Buenavista en el río Putumayo. Caldasia 18, 227-238.
	Roots	Used against malaria and as stimulant	Juice	García (1974)García, H., 1974. Flora medicinal de Colombia: botánica médica, Segunda edición ed. Tercer Mundo Editores.
	Entire plant	To reduce fevers	Decoction	García (1974)García, H., 1974. Flora medicinal de Colombia: botánica médica, Segunda edición ed. Tercer Mundo Editores.

Costa Rica	Leaves	To treat headaches	Decoction	Hazlett (1986)Hazlett, D., 1986. Ethnobotanical observations from cabecar and guaymí settlements in Central America. Econ. Bot. 40, 339-352.

Cuba	nd	Antiseptic, astringent, antihemorrhagic and hemostatic	nd	Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.

Dominican Republic	Leaves	Indigestion and flatulence disorders but also against stomach pain	Infusion	Yukes and Balick (2011)Yukes, J.E., Balick, M.J., 2011. Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers, 2nd ed. The New York Botanical Garden, New York, pp. 25.

French Guiana	Leaves	Used in combination with Quassia amara to treat malaria	Decoction	Vigneron et al. (2005)Vigneron, M., Deparis, X., Deharo, E., Bourdy, G., 2005. Antimalarial remedies in French Guiana: a knowledge attitudes and practices study. J. Ethnopharmacol. 98, 351-360.
	Leaves	To treat cutaneous eruptions and insect bites	Decoction	Foungbe et al. (1976)Foungbe, S., Tillequin, F., Paris, M., Jacquemin, H., Paris, R.-R., 1976. Sur une pipéracée de Guyane, le Piper marginatum Jacq.. Ann. Pharm. Fr. 34, 339-343.
	Roots	Diuretic and sudorific	Infusion	Foungbe et al. (1976)Foungbe, S., Tillequin, F., Paris, M., Jacquemin, H., Paris, R.-R., 1976. Sur une pipéracée de Guyane, le Piper marginatum Jacq.. Ann. Pharm. Fr. 34, 339-343.
	nd	Used to treat skin rashes	nd	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40., Morton (1977)Morton, J.F., 1977. Some folk-medicine plants of central American markets. Pharm. Biol. 15, 165-192.

Panama	nd	Carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic	nd	Johnson (1998)Johnson, T., 1998. CRC Ethnobotany Desk Reference. Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 631.
Panama	nd	Reduce fever and lung secretions	nd	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40., Morton (1977)Morton, J.F., 1977. Some folk-medicine plants of central American markets. Pharm. Biol. 15, 165-192.

Puerto Rico	Leaves	Hemostatic	Cataplasm	de Núñez and Johnson (1943)de Núñez, E.H., Johnson, C.H., 1943. A preliminary study of Piper marginatum Jacq.. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 32, 234-236.
	Leaves	As treatment to dysentery	Infusion	de Núñez and Johnson (1943)de Núñez, E.H., Johnson, C.H., 1943. A preliminary study of Piper marginatum Jacq.. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 32, 234-236.
	nd	Reduces menstruation flow	nd	Morton (1977)Morton, J.F., 1977. Some folk-medicine plants of central American markets. Pharm. Biol. 15, 165-192.

Suriname	Leaves	To cleanse the vagina, cleanse the uterus, disguise bad smell, enhance sexual pleasure amongst other applications	Steam bath	van Andel et al. (2008)van Andel, T., de Korte, S., Koopmans, D., Behari-Ramdas, J., Ruysschaert, S., 2008. Dry sex in Suriname. J. Ethnopharmacol. 116, 84-88.

Trinidad and Tobago	nd	To help parturition	Infusion or decoction drank	Lans and Georges (2011)Lans, C., Georges, K., 2011. Women's knowledge of herbs used in reproduction in Trinidad and Tobago. In: Rai, M., Acharya, D., Rios, J.L. (Eds.), Ethnomedicinal Plants: Revitalizing of Traditional Knowledge of Herbs. CRC Press, pp. 115–134.

Extract or compound	Biological activity	Assay	Potency	References
Leaf EO	Antibacterial	In vitro against two pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli	MIC (STEC0157) = 700 µg/ml MIC (EPEC0312) = 900 µg/ml	Duarte et al. (2007)Duarte, M.C.T., Leme, E.E., Delarmelina, C., Soares, A.A., Figueira, G.M., Sartoratto, A., 2007. Activity of essential oils from Brazilian medicinal plants on Escherichia coli. J. Ethnopharmacol. 111, 197-201.
	Antibacterial	In vitro against Xanthomonas albilineans	MIC = 120 µg/ml	Sánchez et al. (2012)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Pino, O., 2012. Efecto del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq. y sus componentes sobre Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dawson. Rev. Protec. Veg. 27, 39-44.
	Antifungal	In vitro against Fusarium oxysporum	Inhibition diameter = 22.5 mm, Control diameter = 69.9 mm	dos Santos et al. (2011)dos Santos, M.R.A., Lima, R.A., de Freitas Fernandes, C., Silva, A.G., Facundo, V.A., 2011. Atividade fungicida do óleo essencial de Piper marginatum L. (Piperaceae) sobre Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht) in vitro. Saude Pesq. 4.
	Antifungal	In vitro against Alternaria solanii	Inhibition % = 57 with 10 µl of EO	Duarte et al. (2013)Duarte, Y., Pino, O., Infante, D., Sánchez, Y., Travieso, M.d.C., Martínez, B., 2013. Efecto in vitro de aceites esenciales sobre Alternaria solani Sorauer. Rev. Protec. Veg. 28, 54-59.
	Larvicidal	In vitro against Aedes aegypti larvae	LC₅₀ = 8.3 µg/ml Control temefos LC₅₀ = 0.3 µg/ml	Costa et al. (2010)Costa, J., Santos, P.F.d., Brito, S.A., Rodrigues, F.F., Coutinho, H.D., Botelho, M.A., Lima, S.G.d., 2010. Composição química e toxicidade de óleos essenciais de espécies de Piper frente a larvas de Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Lat. Am. J. Pharm. 29, 463-467.
	Larvicidal	In vitro against Aedes aegypti larvae	LC₅₀ = 34 µg/ml LC₉₀ = 85 µg/ml	Santana et al. (2015)Santana, H., Trindade, F., RG, S., Silva, A., Militao, J., Facundo, V., 2015. Essential oils of leaves of Piper species display larvicidal activity against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Rev. Bras. Plantas Med. 17, 105-111.

EO	Antifungal	In vitro against Candida albicans	MIC > 2.0 mg/ml	Duarte et al. (2005)Duarte, M.C.T., Figueira, G.M., Sartoratto, A., Rehder, V.L.G., Delarmelina, C., 2005. Anti-Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants. J. Ethnopharmacol. 97, 305-311.
	Antifungal and cytotoxicity	In vitro activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and cytotoxicity against Vero cell line	F. oxysporum MIC > 500 µg/ml T. rubrum MIC = 500 µg/ml T. mentagrophytes MIC = 250 µg/ml. IC₅₀ = 30.3 µg/ml against Vero cell line	Tangarife-Castaño et al. (2014)Tangarife-Castaño, V., Correa-Royero, J.B., Roa-Linares, V.C., Pino-Benitez, N., Betancur-Galvis, L.A., Durán, D.C., Stashenko, E.E., Mesa-Arango, A.C., 2014. Anti-dermatophyte, anti-Fusarium and cytotoxic activity of essential oils and plant extracts of Piper genus. J. Essent. Oil Res. 26, 221-227.
	Antioxidant, repellent, anti-alimentary and phytotoxic	In vitro DPPH antioxidant, Tribolium castaneum repellent, Spodoptera littoralis, antialimentary, and Latucca sativa and Lolium perenne phytotoxicity activities	DPPH inhibition with IC₅₀ = 1.2–1.5 µg/ml, while the control ascorbic acid showed IC₅₀ = 1.0 µg/ml. EO repellent of >50% T. castaneum from 0.01 µl/ml EO anti-alimentary to S. littoralis with 64–80% effect with 100 µg/cm² EO (at unknown concentration) inhibited root growth of L. perenne by 54–62%, but increased root growth of L. sativa by 119–170%	Jaramillo-Colorado et al. (2015)Jaramillo-Colorado, B., Julio-Torres, J., Duarte-Restrepo, E., Gonzalez-Coloma, A., Julio-Torres, L.F., 2015. Estudio comparativo de la composición volátil y las actividades biológicas del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq. Colombiano. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 14, 343-354.
	Brine shrimp lethality	In vitro against Artemia franciscana cysts	LC₅₀ = 22.38 µg/ml (at 24 h) LC₅₀ = 12.64 µg/ml (at 48 h)	Olivero-Verbel et al. (2009)Olivero-Verbel, J., Gueette-Fernandez, J., Stashenko, E., 2009. Acute toxicity against Artemia franciscana of essential oils isolated from plants of the genus Lippia and Piper collected in Colombia. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 8, 419-427.
	Cercaricidal	In vitro against Schistosoma mansoni	At 10 mg, 96% of cercariae died At 5 mg, 90% of cercariae died At 1 mg, 24% of cercariae died	Frischkorn et al. (1978)Frischkorn, C., Frischkorn, H., Carrazzoni, E., 1978. Cercaricidal activity of some essential oils of plants from Brazil. Naturwissenschaften 65, 480-483.
	Larvicidal	In vitro against Aedes aegypti larvae	Leaf EO LC₅₀ = 23.8 µg/ml Stem EO LC₅₀ = 19.9 µg/ml Flower EO LC₅₀ = 19.9 µg/ml	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288.
	Insecticidal	In vitro against the workers of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima (Smith)	LC₅₀ = 122–167 µg/ml LC₉₀ = 427–480 µg/ml	Souto et al. (2012)Souto, R., Harada, A., Andrade, E., Maia, J., 2012. Insecticidal activity of Piper essential oils from the Amazon against the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Neotrop. Entomol. 41, 510-517.
	Oviposition	In vitro on gravid Aedes aegypti females and counting the number of eggs laid	% eggs laid (leaf) = 33% % eggs laid (stem) = 32% % eggs laid (flower) = 35% At 100 µg/ml with respect to the negative control	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288.

Ethanolic extract	Cytotoxicity	In vitro against murine melanoma B16/BL6, human colon carcinoma HT-29, human lung carcinoma A549, human cervical carcinoma HeLa, and human pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1	Leaf: B16/BL6 GI₅₀ > 300 µg/ml HT-29 GI₅₀ = 55 µg/ml A549 GI₅₀ > 300 µg/ml HeLa GI₅₀ > 300 µg/ml PANC-1 GI₅₀ > 300 µg/ml Root: B16/BL6 GI₅₀ > 300 µg/ml HT-29 GI₅₀ = 298 µg/ml A549 GI₅₀ = 240 µg/ml HeLa GI₅₀ > 300 µg/ml PANC-1 GI₅₀ = 65 µg/ml	Villasmil et al. (2006)Villasmil, J., Abad, M.J., Arsenak, M., Fernández, A., Ruiz, M.-C., Williams, B., Michelangeli, F., Herrera, F., Taylor, P., 2006. Cytotoxic and antitumor activities of Venezuelan plant extracts in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol. Online 3, 808-816.
Ethanolic extract	Antitumoral	In vivo murine tumor induction assay	The leaf extract (and not the root extract) of P. marginatum showed antitumoral activity	Villasmil et al. (2006)Villasmil, J., Abad, M.J., Arsenak, M., Fernández, A., Ruiz, M.-C., Williams, B., Michelangeli, F., Herrera, F., Taylor, P., 2006. Cytotoxic and antitumor activities of Venezuelan plant extracts in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol. Online 3, 808-816.

Methanolic extract	Antifungal	In vitro against Colletotrichum scovillei	The percentage of inhibition of mycelial growth (PIC) was 50% with a concentration of 750 µg/ml, and reached 70% at 1.5 mg/ml	Araújo et al. (2014)Araújo, E.R., Harand, W., Lima, I.C., Dias, F.C.R., Santana, A.A.D.d., Carvalho, R.R.d.C., Laranjeira, D., 2014. Extracts of Piper marginatum and Azadirachta indica for the control of Colletotrichum scovillei in bell pepper. Pesq. Agrop. Bras. 49, 88-94.

Hydro-alcoholic extract	Anti-leishmanial	In vitro against Leishmania infantum amastigotes	IC₅₀ = 25 µg/ml The positive control pentamidine showed IC₅₀ = 2.43 µg/ml	Iwanaga et al. (2014)Iwanaga, C.C., Bruschi, F.L., Cerquetani, J.A., Cortez, D.A.G., 2014. Antileishmnaial evaluation activity of crude hydroalcoholic extract of Piper marginatum Jacq. VI Simpósio Internacional de Pós-Graduacao e Pesquisa, Sao Paulo, Brasil, pp. 9.

Water extract	Toxicity	In vivo on Wistar adult rat and albino mice	LD₁₀₀ = 1 g/kg (intraperitoneal) LD > 2 g/kg (orally)	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.
	Blood pressure	In vivo on rat	Dose-dependent hypertension was observed with intravenous and oral administrations	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.
	Vas deferens contractility	In vivo on rat	Dose-dependent contractions with EC = 38.02 µg/ml	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.
	Atria contractility	In vivo on guinea pig	Dose-dependent contractions with doses between 2.5 and 10 µg/ml	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.
	Perfused mesenteric bed pressure	In vivo on rat	Dose-dependent increase of the perfusion pressure of mesenteric arteria with EC = 159.6 µg	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.
	Analgesia	In vivo on mice	A reduction of twist movements was observed in treated animals with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg oral doses	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.
	Anti-inflammatory of paw edema	In vivo on rat	Dose-dependent reduction of swelling with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg oral doses	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.
	Pleural leukocyte count	In vivo on rat	No effect on exudate volume and leukocyte count with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg oral doses	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.

Purified flavonoids	Antifungal	In vitro autobiography against Cladosporus cladosporioides and Cladosporus sphaerospernum	Amount required to inhibit both C. cladosporioides and C. sphaerospernum: (107) – 10.0 µg (108) – 5.0 µg (109) – 5.0 µg (127) – 1.0 µg (128) – 1.0 µg	Reigada et al. (2007)Reigada, J.B., Tcacenco, C.M., Andrade, L.H., Kato, M.J., Porto, A.L.M., Lago, J.H.G., 2007. Chemical constituents from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) – antifungal activities and kinetic resolution of (RS)-marginatumol by Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435). Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 18, 1054-1058.

Class	Compound	Present in organ	Reference
Monoterpene and monoterpenoids	Allocymene (1)	Leaf, stem	Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	Borneol (2)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Camphene (3)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Camphor (4)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	δ-3-Carene (5)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Vogler et al. (2006)Vogler, B., Noletto, J.A., Haber, W.A., Setzer, W.N., 2006. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three Piper species from Monteverde, Costa Rica. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 9, 230-238.
	p-Cymene (6)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Vogler et al. (2006)Vogler, B., Noletto, J.A., Haber, W.A., Setzer, W.N., 2006. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three Piper species from Monteverde, Costa Rica. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 9, 230-238.
	8-p-Cymenol (7)	Leaf, stem	Vogler et al. (2006)Vogler, B., Noletto, J.A., Haber, W.A., Setzer, W.N., 2006. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three Piper species from Monteverde, Costa Rica. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 9, 230-238.
	Isoborneol (8)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Isopentyl isovalerate (9)	Leaf	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	Isosylvestrene (10)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Limonene (11)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Vogler et al. (2006)Vogler, B., Noletto, J.A., Haber, W.A., Setzer, W.N., 2006. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three Piper species from Monteverde, Costa Rica. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 9, 230-238.
	Linalool (12)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Vogler et al. (2006)Vogler, B., Noletto, J.A., Haber, W.A., Setzer, W.N., 2006. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three Piper species from Monteverde, Costa Rica. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 9, 230-238.
	p-Mentha-1-(7),8-diene (13)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Myrcene (14)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	(E)-β-ocimene (15)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	(Z)-β-ocimene (16)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	α-Phellandrene (17)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	α-Pinene (18)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	β-Pinene (19)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	Sabinene (20)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Sylvestrene (21)	Leaf	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	α-Terpinene (22)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	γ-Terpinene (23)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	α-Terpineol (24)	Leaf	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	α-Terpinolene (25)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.

Sesquiterpene and sesquiterpenoids	α-Acoradiene (26)	Leaf, inflorescence	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	β-Acoradiene (27)	Leaf	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	Alloaromadendrene (28)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Alloaromadendrene epoxide (29)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Aromadendrene (30)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Bicycloelemene (31)	Leaf	Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	Bicyclogermacrene (32)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	β-Bourbonene (33)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	α-Cadinene (34)	Leaf	Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	δ-Cadinene (35)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	γ-Cadinene (36)	Leaf, stem, inflorescence	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	α-Cadinol (37)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	δ-Cadinol (38)	Stem	Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	β-Caryophyllene (39)	Leaf, stem, inflorescence	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	Caryophyllene oxide (40)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., de Oliveira Chaves and de Oliveira Santos (2002)de Oliveira Chaves, M.C., de Oliveira Santos, B.V., 2002. Constituents from Piper marginatum fruits. Fitoterapia 73, 547-549.
	α-Copaene (41)	Leaf, stem, inflorescence	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	α-Cubebene (42)	Leaf, stem, inflorescence	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288.
	β-Cubebene (43)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Cyclosativene (44)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	β-Dihydroagarofuran (45)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	ar-Dihydroturmerone (46)	Stem	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288.
	β-Elemene (47)	Leaf, stem, inflorescence	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	δ-Elemene (48)	Leaf, stem	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	γ-Elemene (49)	Leaf,	Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	Elemol (50)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	α-Eudesmol (51)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	β-Eudesmol (52)	Leaf, stem	Bernal et al. (2011)Bernal, H.Y., Martínez, H.G., Sánchez, G.F.Q., 2011. Pautas para el conocimiento, conservación y uso sostenible de las plantas medicinales nativas en Colombia: Estrategia nacional para la conservación de plantas, Bogotá, Colombia., pp. 167., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	10-epi-γ-Eudesmol (53)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	γ-Eudesmol (54)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Germacrene A (55)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Germacrene D (56)	Leaf, inflorescence	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288.
	Germacrene D-4ol (57)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Globulol (58)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	α-Guaiene (59)	Leaf, inflorescence	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	(E)-β-guaiene (60)	Leaf	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	(Z)-β-guaiene (61)	Leaf, inflorescence	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	β-Gurjunene (62)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	γ-Gurjunene (63)	Inflorescence	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288.
	γ-Himachalene (64)	Leaf	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	α-Humulene (65)	Leaf, stem, inflorescence	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	Humulene epoxide II (66)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Isoledene (67)	Leaf	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	(Z)-Isolongifolanone (68)	Stem	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288.
	Ledol (69)	Leaf	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	α-Muurolene (70)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	γ-Muurolene (71)	Leaf, stem	Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	epi-α-Muurolol (72)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	(E)-Nerolidol (73)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	(Z)-Nerolidol (74)	Stem	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288.
	Patchoulol (75)	Leaf, stem, inflorescence	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	α-Selinene (76)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	β-Selinene (77)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288.
	7-epi-α-Selinene (78)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Selin-11-en-4α-ol (79)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Seychellene (80)	Stem	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288.
	Spathulenol (81)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Valencene (82)	Inflorescence	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288.

Phenylalkanoids	(E)-anethole (83)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176., Vogler et al. (2006)Vogler, B., Noletto, J.A., Haber, W.A., Setzer, W.N., 2006. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three Piper species from Monteverde, Costa Rica. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 9, 230-238.
	(Z)-anethole (84)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	p-Anisaldehyde (85)	Leaf, stem	Vogler et al. (2006)Vogler, B., Noletto, J.A., Haber, W.A., Setzer, W.N., 2006. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three Piper species from Monteverde, Costa Rica. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 9, 230-238.
	Anisyl ketone (86)	Leaf, stem	Vogler et al. (2006)Vogler, B., Noletto, J.A., Haber, W.A., Setzer, W.N., 2006. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three Piper species from Monteverde, Costa Rica. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 9, 230-238.
	Apiol (87)	Root	Santos et al. (1998)Santos, B.V.d.O., Chaves, E.M.C.d.O., Gray, A.I., 1998. Phenylalkanoids from Piper marginatum. Phytochemistry 49, 1381-1384.
	Asaricin (88)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	(E)-asarone (89)	Leaf, stem, root, inflorescence	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176., Santos et al. (1998)Santos, B.V.d.O., Chaves, E.M.C.d.O., Gray, A.I., 1998. Phenylalkanoids from Piper marginatum. Phytochemistry 49, 1381-1384.
	(Z)-asarone (90)	Leaf, stem, inflorescence	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	γ-Asarone (91)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Croweacin (92)	Root	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., de Oliveira Santos et al. (1997)de Oliveira Santos, B.V., Da-Cunha, E.V., de Oliveira Chaves, M.C., Gray, A.I., 1997. Croweacin from Piper marginatum. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 25, 471-472.
	Dillapiole (93)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (94)	Leaf	Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	2,6-Dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-1-(2-propenyl)-benzene (95)	Root	Santos et al. (1998)Santos, B.V.d.O., Chaves, E.M.C.d.O., Gray, A.I., 1998. Phenylalkanoids from Piper marginatum. Phytochemistry 49, 1381-1384.
	Elemicin (96)	Leaf, stem	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	Estragole (97)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176., Vogler et al. (2006)Vogler, B., Noletto, J.A., Haber, W.A., Setzer, W.N., 2006. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three Piper species from Monteverde, Costa Rica. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 9, 230-238.
	Exalatacin (98)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	3-Farnesyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (99)	Leaf, stem	de Oliveira Chaves and de Oliveira Santos (2002)de Oliveira Chaves, M.C., de Oliveira Santos, B.V., 2002. Constituents from Piper marginatum fruits. Fitoterapia 73, 547-549., Maxwell and Rampersad (1988)Maxwell, A., Rampersad, D., 1988. Prenylated 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives from Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 51, 370-373.
	3-Farnesyl-4-methoxybenzoic acid (100)	Leaf, stem	Maxwell and Rampersad (1988)Maxwell, A., Rampersad, D., 1988. Prenylated 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives from Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 51, 370-373.
	2-Hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxypropiophenone (101)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., de Diaz and Gottlieb (1979)de Diaz, A.M., Gottlieb, O.R., 1979. Propiophenones from Piper marginatum. Planta Med. 35, 190-191., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	Isocroweacin (102)	Leaf	Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	Isolelemicin (103)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713.
	(E)-Isoosmorhizole (104)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Isosafrole (105)	Leaf	Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	3,4-Methylenedioxy-1-(2E-octenyl)-benzene (marginatine, 106)	Root	Santos et al. (1998)Santos, B.V.d.O., Chaves, E.M.C.d.O., Gray, A.I., 1998. Phenylalkanoids from Piper marginatum. Phytochemistry 49, 1381-1384.
	1-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-propan-1-ol (marginatumol, 107)	Leaf	Reigada et al. (2007)Reigada, J.B., Tcacenco, C.M., Andrade, L.H., Kato, M.J., Porto, A.L.M., Lago, J.H.G., 2007. Chemical constituents from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) – antifungal activities and kinetic resolution of (RS)-marginatumol by Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435). Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 18, 1054-1058.
	3,4-Methylenedioxypropiophenone (108)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., de Diaz and Gottlieb (1979)de Diaz, A.M., Gottlieb, O.R., 1979. Propiophenones from Piper marginatum. Planta Med. 35, 190-191., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Reigada et al. (2007)Reigada, J.B., Tcacenco, C.M., Andrade, L.H., Kato, M.J., Porto, A.L.M., Lago, J.H.G., 2007. Chemical constituents from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) – antifungal activities and kinetic resolution of (RS)-marginatumol by Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435). Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 18, 1054-1058.
	2-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone (109)	Root, leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., de Diaz and Gottlieb (1979)de Diaz, A.M., Gottlieb, O.R., 1979. Propiophenones from Piper marginatum. Planta Med. 35, 190-191., Oliveira Santos and Oliveira Chaves (2000)Oliveira Santos, B.V.d., Oliveira Chaves, M.C.d., 2000. Assignments of 1H and 13C resonante signals in 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone with the assistance of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Acta Farm. Bonaer. 19, 45-48., Reigada et al. (2007)Reigada, J.B., Tcacenco, C.M., Andrade, L.H., Kato, M.J., Porto, A.L.M., Lago, J.H.G., 2007. Chemical constituents from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) – antifungal activities and kinetic resolution of (RS)-marginatumol by Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435). Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 18, 1054-1058.
	Methyleugenol (110)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	Methyl 3-farnesyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (111)	Leaf, stem	Maxwell and Rampersad (1988)Maxwell, A., Rampersad, D., 1988. Prenylated 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives from Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 51, 370-373.
	Methyl 3-farnesyl-4-methoxybenzoate (112)	Leaf, stem	Maxwell and Rampersad (1988)Maxwell, A., Rampersad, D., 1988. Prenylated 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives from Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 51, 370-373.
	(E)-methyl isoeugenol (113)	Leaf, stem, inflorescence	Autran et al. (2009)Autran, E.S., Neves, I.A., da Silva, C.S.B., Santos, G.K.N., Navarro, D.M.A.F., 2009. Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2284-2288., Moraes et al. (2014)Moraes, M.M., da Silva, T.M., Silva, R.R.d., Ramos, C.S., da Camara, C.A., 2014. Circadian variation of essential oil from Piper marginatum Jacq.. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe 13, 270-277.
	Methyl piperonate (114)	Leaf	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208.
	Myristicin (115)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	Norepinephrine (116)	Leaf	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.
	Nothosmyrnol (117)	Leaf	Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	1-(1E-propenyl)-2,4,6-trimethoxybenzene (pipermargine, 118)	Root	Santos et al. (1998)Santos, B.V.d.O., Chaves, E.M.C.d.O., Gray, A.I., 1998. Phenylalkanoids from Piper marginatum. Phytochemistry 49, 1381-1384.
	Piperonal (119)	Leaf, stem	de Diaz and Gottlieb (1979)de Diaz, A.M., Gottlieb, O.R., 1979. Propiophenones from Piper marginatum. Planta Med. 35, 190-191.
	1-(1-(Z)-propenyl)-2,4,6-trimethoxybenzene (120)	Fruit	de Oliveira Chaves and de Oliveira Santos (2002)de Oliveira Chaves, M.C., de Oliveira Santos, B.V., 2002. Constituents from Piper marginatum fruits. Fitoterapia 73, 547-549.
	Safrole (121)	Leaf, stem	Andrade et al. (2008)Andrade, E.H.A., Carreira, L.M.M., da Silva, M.H.L., da Silva, J.D., Bastos, C.N., Sousa, P.J.C., Guimarães, E.F., Maia, J.G.S., 2008. Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 197-208., de Diaz and Gottlieb (1979)de Diaz, A.M., Gottlieb, O.R., 1979. Propiophenones from Piper marginatum. Planta Med. 35, 190-191., Ramos et al. (1986)Ramos, L.S., da Silva, M.L., Luz, A.I.R., Zoghbi, M.G.B., Maia, J.G.S., 1986. Essential oil of Piper marginatum. J. Nat. Prod. 49, 712-713., Sánchez et al. (2011)Sánchez, Y., Correa, T.M., Abreu, Y., Martínez, B., Duarte, Y., Pino, O., 2011. Caracterización química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Piper marginatum Jacq.. Rev. Protec. Veg. 26, 170-176.
	2,4,5-Trimethoxypropiophenone (122)	Root	de Oliveira Santos and de Oliveira Chaves (1999b)de Oliveira Santos, B.V., de Oliveira Chaves, M.C., 1999. 2,4,5-Trimethoxypropiophenone from Piper marginatum. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 27, 539-541.

Alkaloids and amides	Cepharanone B (123)	Whole plant	de Oliveira Chaves et al. (2006)de Oliveira Chaves, M.C., de Oliveira, A.H., de Oliveira Santos, B.V., 2006. Aristolactams from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 34, 75-77.
	Cinnamoyl pirrolidide (124)	Stem	de Oliveira Chaves et al. (2003)de Oliveira Chaves, M., de Oliveira Santos, B., de Oliveira, A., 2003. 1-Cinnamoyl pyrrolidide from Piper marginatum. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 31, 1213-1214.
	(E,E)-N-isobutyl-2,4-octadienamide (125)	Root	de Oliveira Santos and de Oliveira Chaves (1999a)de Oliveira Santos, B.R.V., de Oliveira Chaves, M.C., 1999. (E,E)-N-Isobutyl-2,4-octadienamide from Piper marginatum. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 27, 113-114.
	Piperolactam A (126)	Whole plant	de Oliveira Chaves et al. (2006)de Oliveira Chaves, M.C., de Oliveira, A.H., de Oliveira Santos, B.V., 2006. Aristolactams from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 34, 75-77.

Flavonoids	5,4'-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (127)	Leaf	Reigada et al. (2007)Reigada, J.B., Tcacenco, C.M., Andrade, L.H., Kato, M.J., Porto, A.L.M., Lago, J.H.G., 2007. Chemical constituents from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) – antifungal activities and kinetic resolution of (RS)-marginatumol by Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435). Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 18, 1054-1058.
	5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone (128)	Leaf	Reigada et al. (2007)Reigada, J.B., Tcacenco, C.M., Andrade, L.H., Kato, M.J., Porto, A.L.M., Lago, J.H.G., 2007. Chemical constituents from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) – antifungal activities and kinetic resolution of (RS)-marginatumol by Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435). Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 18, 1054-1058.
	Marginatoside (129)	Leaf	Tillequin et al. (1978)Tillequin, F., Paris, M., Jacquemin, H., Paris, R., 1978. Flavonoides de Piper marginatum. Planta Med. 33, 46-52.
	Vitexin (130)	Leaf	Tillequin et al. (1978)Tillequin, F., Paris, M., Jacquemin, H., Paris, R., 1978. Flavonoides de Piper marginatum. Planta Med. 33, 46-52.

Others	Noradrenaline (131)	Leaf	D'Angelo et al. (1997)D'Angelo, L.C.A., Xavier, H.S., Torres, L.M.B., Lapa, A.J., Souccar, C., 1997. Pharmacology of Piper marginatum Jacq. a folk medicinal plant used as an analgesic, antiinflammatory and hemostatic. Phytomedicine 4, 33-40.
Others	Stearic acid (132)	Leaf, stem	de Diaz and Gottlieb (1979)de Diaz, A.M., Gottlieb, O.R., 1979. Propiophenones from Piper marginatum. Planta Med. 35, 190-191.

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:jguzmand@uninorte.edu.co (J.D. Guzman).