Development and characterization of evening primrose (<i>Oenothera biennis</i>) oil nanoemulsions

Rodrigues, Railane F.; Costa, Isabele C.; Almeida, Fernanda B.; Cruz, Rodrigo A.S.; Ferreira, Adriana M.; Vilhena, Jessica C.E.; Florentino, Alexandro C.; Carvalho, José C.T.; Fernandes, Caio P.

doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.014

Railane F. Rodrigues

Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia Fitofarmacêutica, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

Isabele C. Costa

Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia Fitofarmacêutica, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

Fernanda B. Almeida

Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia Fitofarmacêutica, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

Rodrigo A.S. Cruz

Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia Fitofarmacêutica, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

Adriana M. Ferreira

Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

Jessica C.E. Vilhena

Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

Alexandro C. Florentino

Laboratório de Absorção Atômica e Bioprospecção, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

José C.T. Carvalho

Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

Caio P. Fernandes ^** Corresponding author. E-mail: caiofernandes@unifap.br (C.P. Fernandes).

Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia Fitofarmacêutica, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

* Corresponding author. E-mail: caiofernandes@unifap.br (C.P. Fernandes).

Authors’ contributions

RFR, ISC, FBA (undergraduate students), AMF, JCEV contributed running the laboratory work (HLB determination and pseudoternary diagram construction). RASC and ACF contributed to nanoemulsions characterization, analysis of the data and drafting the paper. JCTC and CPF designed the study, supervised the laboratory work and contributed to critical reading of the manuscript. All the authors have read the final manuscript and approved the submission.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

HLB	Day 1		Day 7
	Mean droplet (nm)	Polydispersity index	Mean droplet (nm)	Polydispersity index
10	282.8 ± 1.2	0.655 ± 0.006	370.3 ± 6.5	0.715 ± 0.008
11	266.2 ± 11.5	0.493 ± 0.082	271.2 ± 7.1	0.575 ± 0.091
12	214.3 ± 0.7	0.253 ± 0.012	202.8 ± 0.2	0.231 ± 0.008
13	242.2 ± 3.9	0.479 ± 0.018	312.1 ± 16.4	0.685 ± 0.135

	O (%)	S (%)	W (%)	Day 1		Day 7
				Droplet size (nm)	Polydispersity index	Mean droplet size (nm)	Polydispersity index
1^a a Nanoemulsions. O, evening primrose seeds oil content; S, surfactants content; W, water content.	5	10	85	250.3 ± 12.9	0.370 ± 0.014	258.3 ± 4.0	0.375 ± 0.013
2^a a Nanoemulsions. O, evening primrose seeds oil content; S, surfactants content; W, water content.	5	15	80	201.6 ± 0.8	0.239 ± 0.005	210.2 ± 0.4726	0.278 ± 0.023
3^a a Nanoemulsions. O, evening primrose seeds oil content; S, surfactants content; W, water content.	5	20	75	246.1 ± 3.1	0.263 ± 0.008	242.5 ± 2.3	0.257 ± 0.013
4	5	25	70	269.5 ± 0.6	0.393 ± 0.006	314.0 ± 1.0	0.446 ± 0.027
5	5	30	65	289.5 ± 6.2	0.479 ± 0.003	342.5 ± 4.3	0.498 ± 0.011
6	10	5	85	728.4 ± 64.7	0.826 ± 0.123	719.5 ± 325.2	0.924 ± 0.095
7^a a Nanoemulsions. O, evening primrose seeds oil content; S, surfactants content; W, water content.	10	10	80	221.0 ± 2.1	0.219 ± 0.006	227.1 ± 3.7	0.235 ± 0.008
8^a a Nanoemulsions. O, evening primrose seeds oil content; S, surfactants content; W, water content.	10	20	70	271.9 ± 4.0	0.280 ± 0.013	263.6 ± 1.9	0.256 ± 0.006
9	15	5	80	6887.0 ± 8211.8	0.222 ± 0.144	6516 ± 607.3	0.335 ± 0.159
10	15	10	75	370.4 ± 5.1	0.355 ± 0.046	378.6 ± 12.4	0.381 ± 0.021
11^a a Nanoemulsions. O, evening primrose seeds oil content; S, surfactants content; W, water content.	10	15	75	222.4 ± 1.4	0.221 ± 0.004	220.2 ± 3.6	0.217 ± 0.010
12	10	25	65	423.1 ± 8.1	0.457 ± 0.016	391.8 ± 7.2	0.475 ± 0.019
13	10	30	60	321.7 ± 3.6	0.449 ± 0.002	465.2 ± 6.9	0.509 ± 0.028
14^a a Nanoemulsions. O, evening primrose seeds oil content; S, surfactants content; W, water content.	15	15	70	282.3 ± 4.6	0.257 ± 0.006	273.0 ± 3.8	0.246 ± 0.012
15	15	20	65	349.0 ± 8.5	0.468 ± 0.019	345.1 ± 8.3	0.336 ± 0.039
16	15	25	60	347.8 ± 1.7	0.359 ± 0.037	396.6 ± 4.4	0.450 ± 0.025
17	15	30	55	302.8 ± 2.9	0.290 ± 0.013	438.2 ± 8.0	0.396 ± 0.011
18	20	5	75	6382 ± 83.7	0.476 ± 0.063	7001 ± 1870	0.765 ± 0.408
19	20	10	70	487.9 ± 29.1	0.963 ± 0.042	848.4 ± 103.7	1.000 ± 0.000
20	20	15	65	491.7 ± 15.7	0.476 ± 0.034	429.9 ± 0.5	0.485 ± 0.025
21	20	20	60	523.1 ± 8.4	0.468 ± 0.019	544.3 ± 7.5	0.459 ± 0.022
22	25	5	70	5852 ± 451.9	1.000 ± 0.000	5250 ± 77.6	0.842 ± 0.274
23	25	10	65	1516 ± 151.5	0.999 ± 0.002	1607 ± 394.0	1.000 ± 0.000
24	25	15	60	539.1 ± 14.9	0.459 ± 0.045	537.1 ± 9.9	0.462 ± 0.006

[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: caiofernandes@unifap.br (C.P. Fernandes).

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Development and characterization of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) oil nanoemulsions

Abstract