Measurement properties and feasibility of clinical tests to assess sit-to-stand/stand-to-sit tasks in subjects with neurological disease: a systematic review

Silva, Paula F. S.; Quintino, Ludmylla F.; Franco, Juliane; Faria, Christina D. C. M.

doi:10.1590/S1413-35552012005000155

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Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy

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Systematic Review • Braz. J. Phys. Ther. 18 (02) • Mar-Apr 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552012005000155 copy

Measurement properties and feasibility of clinical tests to assess sit-to-stand/stand-to-sit tasks in subjects with neurological disease: a systematic review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

BACKGROUND:

Subjects with neurological disease (ND) usually show impaired performance during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks, with a consequent reduction in their mobility levels.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the measurement properties and feasibility previously investigated for clinical tests that evaluate sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit in subjects with ND.

METHOD:

A systematic literature review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol was performed. Systematic literature searches of databases (MEDLINE/SCIELO/LILACS/PEDro) were performed to identify relevant studies. In all studies, the following inclusion criteria were assessed: investigation of any measurement property or the feasibility of clinical tests that evaluate sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks in subjects with ND published in any language through December 2012. The COSMIN checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies.

RESULTS:

Eleven studies were included. The measurement properties/feasibility were most commonly investigated for the five-repetition sit-to-stand test, which showed good test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient:ICC=0.94-0.99) for subjects with stroke, cerebral palsy and dementia. The ICC values were higher for this test than for the number of repetitions in the 30-s test. The five-repetition sit-to-stand test also showed good inter/intra-rater reliabilities (ICC=0.97-0.99) for stroke and inter-rater reliability (ICC=0.99) for subjects with Parkinson disease and incomplete spinal cord injury. For this test, the criterion-related validity for subjects with stroke, cerebral palsy and incomplete spinal cord injury was, in general, moderate (correlation=0.40-0.77), and the feasibility and safety were good for subjects with Alzheimer's disease.

CONCLUSIONS

: The five-repetition sit-to-stand test was used more often in subjects with ND, and most of the measurement properties were investigated and showed adequate results.

rehabilitation; nervous system diseases; movement; reproducibility of results; clinical protocols; revision

STUDY/TEST	PROPERTIES	COSMIN by Bloemendaal et al.¹⁹
Pardo et al.²⁴/T5R	Reliability_T-RT and measurement error	Sufficient
Blankevoort et al.²²/TNR30	Reliability_T-RTand measurement error	Sufficient
Moller et al.²⁹/T5R	CCV	Good
Poncumhak et al.²⁵/T5R	Reliability_INTER and CCV	Sufficient
Wang et al.²⁸/T5R	Reliability_T-RTand measurement errorReliability intrasessionConvergent criterion-related validity	Sufficient SufficientSufficient
Suttanon et al.²⁶/T5R	Reliability_T-RTand measurement error	Sufficient
Duncan et al.⁹/T5R	Reliability_{T-RT and} _INTER, and CV	Sufficient
Villamonte et al.⁸/TNR20	Reliability_T-RT	Sufficient
Mong et al.²³/T5R	Reliability_T-RT, _{INTER and} _INTRA, CCV and CV	Sufficient
Beninato et al.²¹/T5R	CV	Sufficient
Thomas et al.²⁷/T5R	Reliability_T-RT	Sufficient

STUDY	n	Neurological disease	Age (years)	Sex (M/F)	Test
Pardo et al.²⁴	19	Chronic stroke	53.4±12.3	9/10	“Five times sit-to-stand test”*
Blankevoort et al.²²	52	Dementia	82.47±5.31	17/41	“Chair rise test”
Moller et al.²⁹	11	Multiple sclerosis	_____	7/4	“5-repetition sit-to-stand test”*
Poncumhak et al.²⁵	66(V) and 16 (R)	Incomplete spinal Cord injury	(V): 50.9±13.4 and 50.2±9.5(R): 50.8±10.3	_____	“Five times sit-to-stand test”*
Wang et al.²⁸	108(R_IS) and 22(R_T-RT)	Cerebral palsy	n=108: 8.1±1.8	65/43	“Five times sit-to-stand test”*
Suttanon et al.²⁶	14	Alzheimer disease	79.57 ± 6.19	7/7	“Five times sit-to-stand test”*
Duncan et al.⁹	80(V) and10 ( R_T-RTand R_IE)	Parkinson disease	n=80: 67 ± 9.0	47/33	“Five times sit-to-stand test”*
Villamonte et al.⁸	21	Down syndrome	Between 5 and 31	10/11	“Sit-to-stand test”
Mong et al.²³	12	Chronic stroke	60 ± 4.8	6/6	“5-repetition sit-to-stand test”*
Beninato et al.²¹	27	Chronic stroke	57.2 ± 12.4	12/15	“Five times sit-to-stand test”*
Thomas et al.²⁷	10	Dementia	80.5±6.2	F	“Sit-to-stand”*

STUDY/TEST	CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHAIR, POSITIONING SUBJECTS AND PROTOCOLS
Pardo et al.²⁴/T5R	Chair: fixed height; UL crossed over the torso; familiarization: one rep.; test: three rep.; instruction; FS.
Blankevoort et al.²²/TNR30	Instruction; FS; allowed to use UL.
Moller et al.²⁹/T5R	Chair: height of 45cm; UL crossed over the torso; feet parallel; test demonstration; test: two rep.; instruction; FS.
Poncumhak et al.²⁵/T5R	UL on the side; feet 10cm behind kness; test: three rep.; instruction; FS; now allowed the use of the UL.
Wang et al.²⁸/T5R	Chair: height adjustable to 90º hip flexion and 105º knees flexion; UL crossed over the chest; barefoot; familiarization: three rep.; test: three rep.; instruction; FS.
Suttanon et al.²⁶/T5R	Chair: height of 45cm; UL crossed; instruction; FS.
Duncan et al.⁹/T5R	Chair: height of 43cm; UL crossed over the chest; test demonstration.
Villamonte et al.⁸/TNR20	Chair: height adjustable to 30, 35, 41or 46cm; knees flexed (90º); fixed and flat feet during test; test: three rep.
Mong et al.²³/T5R	Chair: height of 43cm; UL crossed; familiarization: two rep.; test: three rep.; instruction; FS.
Beninato et al.²¹/T5R	Chair: height of 45cm; UL crossed over the chest; instruction; FS.
Thomas et al.²⁷/T5R	Chair: height of 45cm; UL crossed; instruction; FS.

STUDY/TEST	PROPERTIES
Pardo et al.²⁴/T5R	Test-retest reliability (ICC=0.87) and measurement error (SEM=1.8 and MDC=5.0)
Blankevoort et al.²²/TNR30	Test-retest reliability (ICC=0.84) and measurement error (SEM=1.26 and MDC=3.49)
Moller et al.²⁹/T5R	Validity_CC: IS knee_ma extensor (r=-0.77) and flexor (r=-0.60), and hip_ma flexor (r=-0.60); CS knee_ma extensor (r=-0.70) and flexor (r=-0.64), BS with eyes opened (r=0.69)
Poncumhak et al.²⁵/T5R	Inter-rater reliability (ICC=0.99); Validity_CC: (r_ps=-0.59) FIM
Wang et al.²⁸/T5R	Intra-session reliability (ICC=0.95), test-retest reliability (ICC=0.99), measurement error (SEM=0.02, MDC=0.06); convergent criterion-related validity: IS hip flexor (r/rs=0.78) and abductor (r/rs=0.76)
Suttanon et al.²⁶/T5R	Test-retest reliability (ICC=0.79) and measurement error (SEM=1.39, MDC=2.73); safety/feasibility: 100% of the subjects did not have any fall and were able to perform the test.
Duncan et al.⁹/T5R	Inter-rater (ICC=0.99) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.76); CV (SEN=75% and SPE=68%)
Villamonte et al.⁸/TNR20	Test-retest reliability: men (ICC=0.54) and women (ICC=0.76)
Mong et al.²³/T5R	Inter-rater (ICC=0.99), intra-rater (ICC=0.97/0.98) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.99/1.0); Validity_CC: IS knee_ma(rs=-0.75) and _NA(rs=-0.83); CV (SEN=83% and SPE=75%)
Beninato et al.²¹/T5R	CV (SEN=67%, SPE=72%, PLR=2.4 and NLR=0.46)
Thomas et al.²⁷/T5R	Test-retest reliability (ICC=0.94)

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[1] Correspondence Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional Departamento de Fisioterapia Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil e-mail: cdcmf@ufmg.br; chrismoraisf@yahoo.com