The main objective of this study was to detect microclimate changes in Manaus City (AM), Brazil in attempting to indicate the possible causes for the fluctuations and trends observed. Meteorological and shallow geothermal records were analyzed. The meteorological data indicated an increment of 0.27 ± 0.04ºC in the mean surface air temperature during the last 80 years with reference to the 1950-1979 climatological mean. This increment has not been continuous, but it is modulated by frequency of El Niño, La Niña e Neutral events over the tropical Pacific Ocean, Niño 3.4 region. An increment of 3.17 ± 0.53ºC was determined from geothermal data from the second-half of the 19th century, which is likely associated with the land-use changes. From shallow geothermic data under sites with vegetation cover we verified that transient perturbations are good indicators of recent annual climate variability, while analysis of temperature profiles data under sites without vegetation cover seem to indicate microclimate changes related to the anthropogenic actions like deforest and urbanization action.
Microclimate Changes; Geothermal Data; Anthropogenic Actions; ENSO; PDO
