Masticatory function loss and frailty risk in community-dwelling older people in the State of São Paulo

Abstract

Objective

To verify if the loss of masticatory function increases the risk of frailty in community-dwelling older people in the state of São Paulo.

Methods

A prospective cohort design was adopted based on the FIBRA study database (Fragility in Brazilian Elderly), with a baseline performed in 2008-2009 and follow-up in 2016-2018, elapsed on average 100.2 ± 9.2 months. The outcome variable was the incidence of frailty. The exposure variable was masticatory function according to edentulism and self-reported chewing difficulty. Adjustment variables were sociodemographic, behavioral, and general health conditions. A Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to estimate the relative risk.

Results

the cumulative incidence of frailty over eight years was 30 cases per 100 edentulous participants with chewing difficulties, who had a higher risk of developing frailty (RR: 1.75 95% CI 1.09-2.81) than the dentate elderly without chewing difficulties, regardless of smoking (RR: 1.71 95% CI 1.07-2.73) and socioeconomic status (RR: 1.72 95% CI 1.13-2.62)

Conclusion

Loss of masticatory function increases the risk of frailty in older people. Future research should study whether the rehabilitation of oral function reduces this risk.

Keywords
Oral health; Frail elderly; Longitudinal studies