Health education as a strategy for the promotion of the health of the elderly: an integrative review

An integrative literature review was conducted during the months of March and April 2018, by means of the Virtual Health Library, in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Latin American Literature in Health Sciences and the Scientific Electronic Library Online databases. After the search process and the selection of publications, the final sample consisted of 24 articles.

Results:

A total of 16 Brazilian articles, the majority of which were carried out in the southeast and south of the country, were identified, in which the most frequently expressed themes for the health education of the elderly were healthy eating and physical exercise practices.

Conclusion:

The actions of education in health were focused on healthy eating and physical activity, carried out by means of group workshops, seminars and/or lectures, performed, in the majority, by nurses and community health agents who were part of family health teams.

Keywords:
Health Promotion; Health Education; Health of the Elderly.

Authorship

Cícera Amanda Mota Seabra

Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rede Nordeste de Formação em Saúde da Família (RENASF), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Família. Crato, CE, Brasil.Universidade Regional do CaririBrazilCrato, CE, BrazilUniversidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rede Nordeste de Formação em Saúde da Família (RENASF), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Família. Crato, CE, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-4120

Samyra Paula Lustoza Xavier

Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Departamento de Enfermagem. Iguatu, CE, Brasil.Universidade Regional do CaririBrazilIguatu, CE, BrazilUniversidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Departamento de Enfermagem. Iguatu, CE, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-7627

Yana Paula Coêlho Correia Sampaio

Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Eixo Saúde da Família. Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil.Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do NorteBrasilJuazeiro do Norte, CE, BrasilFaculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Eixo Saúde da Família. Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-6901

Mirna Fontenele de Oliveira

Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), Coordenadoria de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho/Pro-Reitoria de Gestão de Pessoas. Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil.Universidade Federal do CaririBrasilJuazeiro do Norte, CE, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), Coordenadoria de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho/Pro-Reitoria de Gestão de Pessoas. Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9890-9498

Glauberto da Silva Quirino

Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Departamento de Enfermagem. Crato, CE, Brasil.Universidade Regional do CaririBrazilCrato, CE, BrazilUniversidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Departamento de Enfermagem. Crato, CE, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5488-7071

Maria de Fátima Antero Sousa Machado

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2541-8441

Correspondence Cícera Amanda Mota Seabra amandaseabra@gmail.com

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in relation to this study.

Edited by: Ana Carolina Lima Cavaletti

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Tables

Tables (1)

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Chart 1
Description of selected articles by authors, year and location, type of study, sample and study objectives.

Chart 1 Description of selected articles by authors, year and location, type of study, sample and study objectives.

Authors	Year and Location	Type of Study and Sample	Objectives of Study
Mendonça et al.¹³13 Mendonça ET, Aires LFA, Amaro MO, Moreira TR, Henriques BD, Almeida LC, et al. A experiência de oficinas educativas com idosos: (re)pensando práticas à luz do pensamento freireano. Rev Aten Prim Saúde [Internet]. 2013 [acesso em 16 abr. 2018];16(4):479-80. Disponível em: http://ojs2.ufjf.emnuvens.com.br/aps/article/view/15199 http://ojs2.ufjf.emnuvens.com.br/aps/art...	2013, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil	Experience report/ 20 elderly persons	Report a working experience with the elderly and support a critical-theoretical reflection on the practice of educational workshops as a health education strategy, in the light of Freire's thinking, based on the use of participatory methodologies.
Nogueira et al.¹⁴14 Nogueira ALG, Munari DB, Santos LF, Oliveira LMAC, Fortuna CM. Fatores terapêuticos identificados em um grupo de promoção da saúde de idosos. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2013 [acesso em 17 abr. 2018];47(6):1352-8. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v47n6/0080-6234-reeusp-47-6-01352.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v47n6/00...	2013, Goiânia, Goias, Brazil	Qualitative research/23 elderly persons and six community health agents	To identify therapeutic factors present in the health promotion group of elderly persons.
Evers et al.¹⁵15 Evers U, Jones SC, Iverson D, Caputi P. ‘Get Your Life Back’: process and impact evaluation of an asthma social marketing campaign targeting older adults. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2013 [acesso em 16 abr. 2018];13(1):1-12. Disponível em: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-13-759 https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.co...	2013, Australia	Cohort/710 elderly persons	Conduct a multifaceted assessment of a social marketing campaign to raise asthma awareness among elderly persons in a regional Australian community.
Bhurosy and Jeewon¹⁶16 Bhurosy T, Jeewon R. Effectiveness of a theory-driven nutritional education program in improving calcium intake among older Mauritian adults. Scient World J [Internet]. 2013 [acesso em 24 abr. 2018];2013:1-16. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3888757/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article...	2013, Mauritius, East Africa	Experimental model/80 people aged 40 or over	To evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-based educational intervention to improve calcium intake, self-efficacy, and knowledge of older Mauritians.
Chung and Chung¹⁷17 Chung LMY, Chung JWY. Effectiveness of a food education program in improving appetite and nutritional status of elderly adults living at home. Asia Pacc J Clinl Nutr [Internet]. 2014 [acesso em 01 maio 2018];23(2):315-20. Disponível em: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/57bf/339f39c432f4224cb21f313b9e7b586bbd15.pdf https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/57bf/33...	2014, Hong Kong	Experimental study/60 elderly persons	Evaluate a three-week program that includes culinary demonstrations with free food samples to motivate older adults to cook more and improve their nutritional status.
Ferreti et al.¹⁸18 Ferretti F, Gris A, Mattielo D, Teo CPA, Sá C. Impacto de programa de educação em saúde no conhecimento de idosos sobre doenças cardiovasculares. Rev Salud Pública [Internet]. 2014 [acesso em 29 abr. 2018];16(6):807-20.Disponível em: https://www.scielosp.org/article/ssm/content/raw/?resource_ssm_path=/media/assets/rsap/v16n6/v16n6a01.pdf https://www.scielosp.org/article/ssm/con...	2014 Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil	Qualitative research/seven elderly persons	To verify the impact of a health education program on the knowledge of elderly persons about cardiovascular diseases.
Janini et al.¹⁹19 Janini JP, Bessler D, Vargas AB. Educação em saúde e promoção da saúde: impacto na qualidade de vida do idoso. Saúde Debate [Internet]. 2015 [acesso em 03 maio 2018];39(105):480-90. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/sdeb/v39n105/0103-1104-sdeb-39-105-00480.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/sdeb/v39n105/01...	2015 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	Qualitative research/83 elderly persons	To analyze the impact of health promotion and education actions in the search for quality of life, autonomy and self-care of the elderly.
Sink et al.²⁰20 Sink KM, Espeland MA, Castro CM, Church T, Cohen R, Dodson JA. Effect of a 24-month physical activity intervention vs health education on cognitive outcomes in sedentary older adults: the LIFE randomized trial. JAMA [Internet]. 2015 [acesso em 12 maio 2018];314(8):781-90. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305648 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2630...	2015, USA	Randomized clinical study/ 1,635 participants	Determine whether a 24-month physical activity program results in better cognitive function, lower risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, or both, compared to a health education program.
Machado et al.²¹21 Machado ARM, Santos WS, Dias FA, Tavares DMS, Munari DB. Potencializando um grupo de terceira idade de uma comunidade rural. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2015 [acesso em 11 maio 2018];49(1):96-103. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v49n1/pt_0080-6234-reeusp-49-01-0096.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v49n1/pt...	2015, Minas Gerais, Brazil	Convergence research/21 elderly persons and nine health professionals	Describe the stages of the empowerment process of an elderly group in a rural community.
Almeida et al.²²22 Almeida LFF, Freitas EL, Salgado SML, Gomes IS, Fransceschini SCC, Ribeiro AQ. Projeto de intervenção comunitária “Em Comum-Idade”: contribuições para a promoção da saúde entre idosos de Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Ciênc Saúde Colet [Internet]. 2015 [acesso em 03 maio 2018];20(12):3763-74. Disponível em: https://www.scielosp.org/article/ssm/content/raw/?resource_ssm_path=/media/assets/csc/v20n12/1413-8123-csc-20-12-3763.pdf https://www.scielosp.org/article/ssm/con...	2015, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil	Intervention study/82 participants	Analyze possible changes that have occurred in anthropometric measurements and levels of functional physical fitness of elderly persons participating in a community intervention project.
Caprara, et al.²³23 Caprara MG, Fernández-ballesteros R, Alessandri G. Promoting aging well: evaluation of vital-aging-multimedia program in Madrid, Spain. Health Promot Int [Internet]. 2016 [acesso em 12 maio 2018];31(3):515-22. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25784303 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2578...	2015, Madrid, Spain	Quantitative study/73 participants	Testify to the effectiveness of Vital Aging-Multimedia, a psychoeducational multimedia program designed to promote successful aging.
Sousa and Oliveira²⁴24 Sousa SEM, Oliveira MCC. Viver a (e para) aprender: uma intervenção-ação para a promoção do envelhecimento ativo. Rev Bras Geriatr Gerontol [Internet]. 2015 [acesso em 11 maio 2018];18(2):405-15. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbgg/v18n2/1809-9823-rbgg-18-02-00405.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbgg/v18n2/1809...	2015, Braga, Portugal	Intervention study/25 elderly persons	Contribute to the active aging of day/social centers for elderly persons, harmoniously developing all its dimensions, aiming to make users autonomous, participatory and active.
Cecílio and Oliveira²⁵25 Cecílio A, Oliveira JM. Educação nutricional para idosos institucionalizados no recanto Nossa Senhora do Rosário em Limeira, SP. Estud Interdiscip Envelhec [Internet]. 2015 [acesso em 14 maio 2018];20(2):413-26. Disponível em: https://seer.ufrgs.br/RevEnvelhecer/article/view/40475/35447 https://seer.ufrgs.br/RevEnvelhecer/arti...	2015, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil	Intervention study/23 elderly persons	Promote, through Nutrition Education activities, healthy eating habits in a group of institutionalized elderly persons.
Luten et al.²⁶26 Luten KA, Reijneveld AS, Dijkstra A, Winter AF. Reach and effectiveness of an integrated community-based intervention on physical activity and healthy eating of older adults in a socioeconomically disadvantaged community. Health Educ Res [Internet]. 2015 [acesso em 20 maio 2018];31(1):98-106. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4883033/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article...	2015, Groningen, Holland	Quasi-experimental study/ 564 elderly persons	To assess the range and effects of short and medium term intervention (with local media campaign and environmental approaches) on physical activity and healthy eating in elderly persons in a socioeconomically disadvantaged community compared with a control group.
Lucena et al.²⁷27 Lucena ALR, Freitas FFQ, Vieira KFL, Matos SDO. Ensinando e aprendendo com idosos: relato de experiência. J Res Fundam Care [Internet]. 2016 [acesso em 13 maio 2018];8(2):4131-41. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301333342_Ensinando_e_aprendendo_com_idosos_relato_de_experiencia_Teaching_and_learning_with_the_elderly_experience_report https://www.researchgate.net/publication...	2016, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil	Experience report/99 elderly persons	Describe a report of health education practices of a university extension project, encouraging the adoption of preventive measures of self-care in relation to the health of the elderly.
Munhoz et al.²⁸28 Munhoz OL, Ramos TK, Moro B, Timm MS, Venturini L, Cremonese L, et al. Oficina bingo da saúde: uma experiência de educação em saúde com grupos de idosos. Rev Min Enferm [Internet]. 2016 [acesso em 16 maio 2018];20:e968 [5 p.]. Disponível em: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/1104 http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/1...	2016, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil	Experience report/144 elderly persons	Report the experience of members of the Nursing Tutorial Education Program in the “Acampavida” extension project, held annually with elderly persons, through health education activities.
Barbosa et al.²⁹29 Barbosa AS, Andrade GCL, Pereira CO, Falcão IV. A interdisciplinaridade vivenciada em um grupo de idosos de uma unidade de saúde da família do Recife. Revista APS [Internet]. 2016 [acesso em 22 maio 2018];19(2):315-20. Disponível em: http://ojs2.ufjf.emnuvens.com.br/aps/article/view/15414 http://ojs2.ufjf.emnuvens.com.br/aps/art...	2016, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil	Experience report/30 participants	Report the interdisciplinary experiences in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) with a Group of Elderly persons, through the Education Program for Health Work (or PET-Health) developed at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE).
Nascimento and Ramos³⁰30 Nascimento MM, Ramos LS. Educação médica e interdisciplinaridade: um relato de experiência com idosos residentes na comunidade. Arq Ciênc Saúde UNIPAR [Internet]. 2016 [acesso em 22 maio 2018];20(3):205-9. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317253673_EDUCACAO_MEDICA_E_INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE_UM_RELATO_DE_EXPERIENCIA_COM_CIDADAOS_IDOSOS https://www.researchgate.net/publication...	2016, Petrolina, Pernambuco, and Juazeiro, Bahia, Brazil	Experience report/150 elderly persons	Present the set of activities developed weekly by 10 medical students from the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco in Pernambuco with groups of elderly persons from the Active Life Program (ALP) and the Open University for the Elderly (UNATI/Univasf).
Lopes et al. ³¹31 Lopes MA, Marchesan M, Krug RR, Mazo GZ. Aspectos pedagógicos relevantes de uma aula para a adoção e a permanência em programas de atividade física percebidos por idosas longevas. Estud Interdiscip Envelhec [Internet]. 2016 [acesso em 16 maio 2018];21(1),55-70. Disponível em: https://seer.ufrgs.br/RevEnvelhecer/article/view/50486/40712 https://seer.ufrgs.br/RevEnvelhecer/arti...	2016, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil	Qualitative research/69 people	Verify the most relevant pedagogical aspects of a physical exercise class for the adoption of and permanence in physical activity programs in the perception of long-lived elderly women.
Sá et al.³²32 Sá PHVO, Cury GC, Ribeiro LCC. Atividade física de idosos e a promoção da saúde nas unidades básicas. Trab Educ Saúde [Internet]. 2016 [acesso em 13 maio 2018;14(2):545-58. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1981-77462016005002104&script=sci_abstract&tlng=pt http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S198...	2016, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil	Quantitative research/28 participants	Identify and describe health promotion actions related to the physical activity of elderly persons in basic health units, as well as the perception of those responsible for this practice.
Jih et al.³³33 Jih J, Gem L, Woo K, Tsoh JY, Stewart S, Gildengorin G. Educational interventions to promote healthy nutrition and physical activity among older Chinese Americans: a cluster-randomized trial. Am J Public Health [Internet]. 2016 [acesso em 01 jun. 2018];106(6):1092-8. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880259/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article...	2016, São Francisco, California, USA	Randomized group study/756 elderly persons	To compare the effects of two types of intervention: lectures and Chinese printed materials versus solely Chinese printed materials on knowledge and adherence to nutrition and physical activity guidelines among older Chinese immigrants in San Francisco, California.
Amthauer and Falk³⁴34 Amthauer C, Falk JW. Discursos dos profissionais de saúde da família na ótica da assistência à saúde do idoso. J Res Fundam Care Online [Internet]. 2017 [acesso em 28 maio 2018];9(1):99-105. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312204417_Discursos_dos_profissionais_de_saude_da_familia_na_otica_da_assistencia_a_saude_do_idoso_Speeches_of_family_health_professionals_in_optics_of_assistance_to_the_elderly https://www.researchgate.net/publication...	2017, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil	Qualitative research/16 professionals	Identify the actions and practices performed by health professionals with elderly persons seeking care in a Basic Health Unit
Mendonça et al.³⁵35 Mendonça FTNF, Santos AS, Buso ALZ, Malaquias BSS. Health education with older adults: action research with primary care professionals. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2017 [acesso em 27 maio 2018];70(4):792-9. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0034-71672017000400792&script=sci_abstract http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S003...	2017, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil	Action Research / 98 health professionals	To evaluate the development and implementation of a continuing education action directed to primary care professionals on the theme “health education groups with elderly persons”.
Santos et al.³⁶36 Santos SLF, Alves HHS, Oliveira RA, Paiva CEQ, Pessoa CV, Barros KBNT. Relato de experiência sobre educação em saúde em idosos: percepção dos discentes. Revista APS [Internet]. 2017 [acesso em 15 jun. 2018];20(3):450-5. Disponível em: http://ojs2.ufjf.emnuvens.com.br/aps/article/view/16054 http://ojs2.ufjf.emnuvens.com.br/aps/art...	2017, Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil	Experience report/22 elderly persons	Report the experience of the perception of students about health education actions aimed at elderly persons of the Remanso da Paz shelter in Quixadá, Ceará.

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